During the past few years,Egypt has increased the share of electricity generation from renewable energy sources to achieve the renewable-energy strategy.The Egyptian Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy has se...During the past few years,Egypt has increased the share of electricity generation from renewable energy sources to achieve the renewable-energy strategy.The Egyptian Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy has set an ambitious target to increase the share of renewable energy among the total energy mix to be 20%by 2022 and 42%by 2035.This target will be achieved using several approved policies such as feed-in tariffs,build-own-operate and independent power producers under a merchant scheme.This paper presents a full analysis of wind-potential characteristics at Elkharga Oasis in Egypt based on an actual wind-measurement campaign taken by a met mast at two height levels of 10 and 25 m,respectively.The measurements show an average annual wind speed of 5.72 m/s at 10-m height and 6.53 m/s at>25-m height.The estimated wind speed,however,is 8.38 m/s at 120 m,which is technically convenient to generate electricity from wind energy.In this paper,the wind potential in the area is assessed using the statistical method of the Weibull probability density function.The different methods to estimate the Weibull distribution parameters are presented and the relevant accuracy is verified based on the root mean square error.A techno-economic assessment and selection of the optimal wind-turbine size with ideal micro-sitings are performed using the software package windPRO.Different cases of study for three typical wind-turbine models with various rotor diameters,power capacity,layout configuration and annual yield are assessed at the site.The selection of the most convenient wind turbine is determined based on the IEC 61400 standard criteria and the turbine that produces the lowest levelized cost of electricity.展开更多
Integrating large-scale wind plants with the electricity grids has many challenges for grid operators.Besides the variability and uncertainty of wind power,coordinating between different technologies of generation in ...Integrating large-scale wind plants with the electricity grids has many challenges for grid operators.Besides the variability and uncertainty of wind power,coordinating between different technologies of generation in the same grid can be considered the main problem,specifically for short-term frequency stability.Therefore,a large penetration of wind power generation in modern power grids has a risky influence on the power-system frequency.Wind-generation plants have contradictory behaviour compared to classic thermal plants,especially in active generated power-shortage events due to the variable nature of wind power.Existing experience in wind plants keeps part of the available wind power unloaded,using what are known as deloading techniques.Different deloading techniques are usually applied to emulate the thermal-plant-governor function and confirm a proper spinning reserve for any active-power shortages.These techniques decrease the generated power from wind plants continuously from maximum point tracking ones.Consequently,the practical capacity,annual generated energy and economical income of wind plants are reduced.In addition,grid-protection and control sub-schemes are set and designed according to the well-known conventional responses of thermal plants,which increase the need for thermal-plant-behaviour emulation.In this paper,instead of the usual deloading methods,a supercapacitors scheme is proposed with wind turbines to emulate the response of conventional power plants.The study discusses the technical and economic benefits of the proposed addition of supercapacitors in the wind-plant-planning phase.Restricted frequency grid-code indices are selected to evaluate studied behaviours.Simulation results of the IEEE four-generation two-area system determines the effectiveness of suggested schemes technically.The System Advisor Model(SAM)program estimates the economic benefits of a typical US study case compared with the existing wind-deloading technique.展开更多
There are wide applications of block-rate pricing schemes in many countries.However,there are no significant studies that apply this common tariff for smart home energy management systems.In this paper,a three-time-fr...There are wide applications of block-rate pricing schemes in many countries.However,there are no significant studies that apply this common tariff for smart home energy management systems.In this paper,a three-time-frame energy management scheme has been proposed for photovoltaic(PV)-powered grid-connected smart homes based on the well-known mixed-integer linear programming optimization technique.This paper provides three original and novel smart home energy management algorithms that depend on the most common residential tariff specifically in developing countries.Three different management concepts have been studied for a typical Egyptian house.The concepts of shifting load,vehicle-to-home and reducing air conditioning have been tested according to a commonly applied slab tariff.The proposed scheme considers the home battery extending lifetime constraints.It also preserves comfortable lifestyle limits for home users according to Arab housing climatic conditions and culture.Moreover,the economic feasibility of integrated PV modules for the studied home has been verified according to the Egyptian tariff.The proposed energy management scheme of PV-powered home reduces the electrical power bill significantly in a wide range from 61%to only 19%of the default case bill according to the applied management technique.展开更多
文摘During the past few years,Egypt has increased the share of electricity generation from renewable energy sources to achieve the renewable-energy strategy.The Egyptian Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy has set an ambitious target to increase the share of renewable energy among the total energy mix to be 20%by 2022 and 42%by 2035.This target will be achieved using several approved policies such as feed-in tariffs,build-own-operate and independent power producers under a merchant scheme.This paper presents a full analysis of wind-potential characteristics at Elkharga Oasis in Egypt based on an actual wind-measurement campaign taken by a met mast at two height levels of 10 and 25 m,respectively.The measurements show an average annual wind speed of 5.72 m/s at 10-m height and 6.53 m/s at>25-m height.The estimated wind speed,however,is 8.38 m/s at 120 m,which is technically convenient to generate electricity from wind energy.In this paper,the wind potential in the area is assessed using the statistical method of the Weibull probability density function.The different methods to estimate the Weibull distribution parameters are presented and the relevant accuracy is verified based on the root mean square error.A techno-economic assessment and selection of the optimal wind-turbine size with ideal micro-sitings are performed using the software package windPRO.Different cases of study for three typical wind-turbine models with various rotor diameters,power capacity,layout configuration and annual yield are assessed at the site.The selection of the most convenient wind turbine is determined based on the IEC 61400 standard criteria and the turbine that produces the lowest levelized cost of electricity.
文摘Integrating large-scale wind plants with the electricity grids has many challenges for grid operators.Besides the variability and uncertainty of wind power,coordinating between different technologies of generation in the same grid can be considered the main problem,specifically for short-term frequency stability.Therefore,a large penetration of wind power generation in modern power grids has a risky influence on the power-system frequency.Wind-generation plants have contradictory behaviour compared to classic thermal plants,especially in active generated power-shortage events due to the variable nature of wind power.Existing experience in wind plants keeps part of the available wind power unloaded,using what are known as deloading techniques.Different deloading techniques are usually applied to emulate the thermal-plant-governor function and confirm a proper spinning reserve for any active-power shortages.These techniques decrease the generated power from wind plants continuously from maximum point tracking ones.Consequently,the practical capacity,annual generated energy and economical income of wind plants are reduced.In addition,grid-protection and control sub-schemes are set and designed according to the well-known conventional responses of thermal plants,which increase the need for thermal-plant-behaviour emulation.In this paper,instead of the usual deloading methods,a supercapacitors scheme is proposed with wind turbines to emulate the response of conventional power plants.The study discusses the technical and economic benefits of the proposed addition of supercapacitors in the wind-plant-planning phase.Restricted frequency grid-code indices are selected to evaluate studied behaviours.Simulation results of the IEEE four-generation two-area system determines the effectiveness of suggested schemes technically.The System Advisor Model(SAM)program estimates the economic benefits of a typical US study case compared with the existing wind-deloading technique.
基金supported by the project entitled‘Smart Homes Energy Management Strategies’,Project ID:4915,JESOR-2015-Cycle 4,which is sponsored by the Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT),Cairo,Egypt.
文摘There are wide applications of block-rate pricing schemes in many countries.However,there are no significant studies that apply this common tariff for smart home energy management systems.In this paper,a three-time-frame energy management scheme has been proposed for photovoltaic(PV)-powered grid-connected smart homes based on the well-known mixed-integer linear programming optimization technique.This paper provides three original and novel smart home energy management algorithms that depend on the most common residential tariff specifically in developing countries.Three different management concepts have been studied for a typical Egyptian house.The concepts of shifting load,vehicle-to-home and reducing air conditioning have been tested according to a commonly applied slab tariff.The proposed scheme considers the home battery extending lifetime constraints.It also preserves comfortable lifestyle limits for home users according to Arab housing climatic conditions and culture.Moreover,the economic feasibility of integrated PV modules for the studied home has been verified according to the Egyptian tariff.The proposed energy management scheme of PV-powered home reduces the electrical power bill significantly in a wide range from 61%to only 19%of the default case bill according to the applied management technique.
