This review summarizes and describes the use of curcumin in diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease.For diagnosis of Alzheimer＇s disease,amyloid-β and highly phosphorylated tau protein are the maj...This review summarizes and describes the use of curcumin in diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease.For diagnosis of Alzheimer＇s disease,amyloid-β and highly phosphorylated tau protein are the major biomarkers.Curcumin was developed as an early diagnostic probe based on its natural fluorescence and high binding affinity to amyloid-β.Because of its multi-target effects,curcumin has protective and preventive effects on many chronic diseases such as cerebrovascular disease,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia.For prevention and treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease,curcumin has been shown to effectively maintain the normal structure and function of cerebral vessels,mitochondria,and synapses,reduce risk factors for a variety of chronic diseases,and decrease the risk of Alzheimer＇s disease.The effect of curcumin on Alzheimer＇s disease involves multiple signaling pathways：anti-amyloid and metal iron chelating properties,antioxidation and anti-inflammatory activities.Indeed,there is a scientific basis for the rational application of curcumin in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease.展开更多
AIM To clarify the underlying mechanism of formin-like 3(FMNL3)in the promotion of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)cell invasion.METHODS The in vitro biological function analyses of FMNL3 were performed by gain-and loss-of f...AIM To clarify the underlying mechanism of formin-like 3(FMNL3)in the promotion of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)cell invasion.METHODS The in vitro biological function analyses of FMNL3 were performed by gain-and loss-of function approaches.Changes in the F-actin cytoskeleton were detected by the technologies of phalloidin-TRITC labeling and confocal microscopy.The signaling pathway mediated by FMNL3 was explored by western blot,gelatin zymograph assay,co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP),immunofluorescence colocalization,and glutathione S-transferase(GST)pulldown assay.RESULTS The in vitro experimental results showed that FMNL3 significantly promoted the proliferation,invasion,and migration of CRC cells(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Moreover,FMNL3regulated the remodeling of actin-based protrusions such as filopodia and lamellipodia in a RhoC-dependent manner.The western blot and gelatin zymograph assay results indicated that FMNL3 was involved in the RhoC/focal adhesion kinase(FAK)pathway and acted as an effector of RhoC to activate the downstream signaling of p-FAK as well as p-MAPK and p-AKT.This resulted in the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2),matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and the subsequent promotion of CRC cell invasion.The results of TAE226,U0126 or Ly294002 treatment confirmed an essential role of FMNL3 in activation of the RhoC/FAK pathway and the subsequent promotion of CRC invasion.Co-IP,colocalization and GST pull-down assays showed the direct interaction of FMNL3 with RhoC in vivo and in vitro.CONCLUSION FMNL3 regulates the RhoC/FAK signaling pathway and RhoC-dependent remodeling of actin-based protrusions to promote CRC invasion.展开更多
Objective To investigate the role of peffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in evaluation of cirrhotic fiver. Methods With a 4F catheter, 1% diluted carbon tetrachloride （ 1 ml/kg） was selectively in...Objective To investigate the role of peffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in evaluation of cirrhotic fiver. Methods With a 4F catheter, 1% diluted carbon tetrachloride （ 1 ml/kg） was selectively injected into fight or left hepatic artery of 12 dogs fortnightly. The half fiver into which carbon tetrachloride was injected was called as study side （SS）, while the other half fiver without carbon tetrachloride injection was called as study control side （SCS）. Conventional and peffusion-weighted MRI were performed in every 4 weeks. Via a 4F catheter, 5ml gadolinium diethylentriamine pentaaceti acid （Gd-DTPA） dilution was injected into superior mesenteric artery at the 5th scan. The signal intensity-thne curves of SS, SCS, and portal vein were completed in MR workstation. The maximal relative signal increase （ MRSI）, peak time （ tp）, and slope of the curves were measured. Results On conventional MR images, no abnormalities of externality and signal intensity were observed in both SS and SCS of fiver at each stage. The mean tp, MP, SI, and slope of intensity-time curves in normal fiver were 10. 56 seconds, 1.01, and 10. 23 arbitrary unit （au）/s, respectively. Three parameters of curves didn＇t show obvious change in SCS of fiver at every stage. Abnormal perfusion curves occurred in SS of fiver at the 12th week after the 1st injection. The abnormality of perfusion curve in SS was more and more serious as the times of injection increased. The mean tp, IVlRSI, and slope intensity-time curves in SS of fiver were 19.45 seconds, 0. 43, and 3. 60 au/s respectively at the 24th week. Conclusion Perfusion-weighted imaging can potentially provide information about portal peffusion of hepatic parenchyma, and to some degree, reflect the severity of cirrhosis.展开更多
During the 29 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen(δ15NPN)and their controlling factors were examined in detail with regard to ...During the 29 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen(δ15NPN)and their controlling factors were examined in detail with regard to nitrate drawdown by phytoplankton and particulate nitrogen(PN)remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.To better constrain the nitrogen transformations,the physical and chemical parameters,including temperature,salinity,nutrients,PN andδ15NPN in seawater column were measured from surface to bottom.In addition,the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton in the mixed layer,and the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of PN remineralization below the mixed layer were estimated using Rayleigh model and Steady State model,respectively.Our results showed that suspended particles had its lowestδ15NPN in the surface layer,which was due to the preferential assimilation of 14 N in nitrate by phytoplankton.Theδ15NPN in the mixed layer of the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas decreased from the inner shelf to the outer basin,ascribing to the effect of isotope fractionation during phytoplankton assimilation.In mixed layer,the spatial distribution ofδ15NPN associated with particulate organic matter(POM)production can be well interpreted according to Rayleigh model and Steady State model.The nitrogen isotope fractionation factor during phytoplankton assimilating nitrate was estimated as 10.0‰by Steady State model,which was more reasonable than that calculated by Rayleigh model.These results validate the previous reports of fractionation factor during nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton.Increasingδ15NPN with depth below the euphotic zone correlated with the decreasing PN contents,and it was attributed to preferential remineralization of 14 N in PN by bacteria.In subsurface and deep layer,theδ15NPN distributions also conformed to Rayleigh model and Steady State model during PN remineralization,with a fractionation factor of about 3.6‰and 3.2‰,respectively.It is the first time to estimate the fractionation factor during POM production and remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.Such fractionation may provide a useful tool for the follow-up study of the nitrogen dynamics in the Southern Ocean.展开更多
An accurate assessment of root respiration in mine reclaimed soil is important for effectively evaluating mining area ecosystems.This study investigated dynamic changes in root respiration and the contribution of root...An accurate assessment of root respiration in mine reclaimed soil is important for effectively evaluating mining area ecosystems.This study investigated dynamic changes in root respiration and the contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration(R_(r)/R_(t) ratio)during the non-growing season in mine reclaimed soil,with different covering-soil thicknesses.According to the covering-soil thicknesses,the study area was divided into four sites:10-25 cm(site A),25-45 cm(site B),45-55 cm(site C),and 55-65 cm(site D).From November 2017 to April 2018(except February in 2018),the soil respiration,root respiration,temperature at 5 cm,water content,and root biomass were measured.The results show that soil temperature and root respiration exhibited similar diurnal and monthly variations.The root respiration is strongly influenced by soil temperature during the non-growing season,with an exponential and positive relationship(P<0.001).Root respiration varies with the covering-soil thickness and is greatest with a covering-soil thickness of 25-45 cm.The R_(r)/R_(t) ratio also exhibits monthly variations.During the non-growing season,the mean value of the R_(r)/R_(t) ratio is 51.15%in mine reclaimed soil.The study indicates that root respiration is the primary source of soil respiration and is an important factor for estimating the potential emission of soil CO_(2) from mine reclaimed soil at the regional scale.展开更多
Objective: To critically evaluate and summarize the methodological quality of systematic reviews(SRs)and present objective and important outcomes on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) therapies, in...Objective: To critically evaluate and summarize the methodological quality of systematic reviews(SRs)and present objective and important outcomes on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) therapies, including Chinese herbal medicine(CHM), acupuncture, and moxibustion, for diarrheapredominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D).Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search for SRs in 7 databases until April 16, 2022.Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the reviews according to the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2(AMSTAR-2), the Risk of Bias in Systematic reviews(ROBIS) tool, and the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis(PRISMA) statement. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation(GRADE) was used to rate the quality of evidence.Results: IBS-D patients included in 12 reviews were diagnosed in accordance with the Rome criteria, 9 reviews focused on CHM, 2 articles observed moxibustion and heat-sensitive moxibustion, 1 article studied acupuncture and CHM. The outcomes of the SRs were the effectiveness rate, the total effectiveness rate,global symptom improvement, and adverse effects. Based on AMSTAR-2, which measures the quality of methodology, all of the included studies were of low or critically low quality. According to the ROBIS tool, 10 SRs(83.33%) had a high risk of bias. With the PRISMA checklist, only 3 SRs reached over 90% compliance.Based on GRADE, most evidence was of low quality, and there was a moderate quality of evidence that the effectiveness rate of modified-Tongxie Yaofang was superior to Western medicine in the treatment of IBS-D.Conclusion: Given the suboptimal reporting and methodological quality of existing SRs, more studies are needed to clarify whether TCM therapies are more effective or safe than pharmacological medicine.Future studies should combine evidence-based medicine with TCM research according to the characteristics of TCM.展开更多
This paper presents a reference methodology for process orchestration that accelerates the development of Large Language Model (LLM) applications by integrating knowledge bases, API access, and deep web retrieval. By ...This paper presents a reference methodology for process orchestration that accelerates the development of Large Language Model (LLM) applications by integrating knowledge bases, API access, and deep web retrieval. By incorporating structured knowledge, the methodology enhances LLMs’ reasoning abilities, enabling more accurate and efficient handling of complex tasks. Integration with open APIs allows LLMs to access external services and real-time data, expanding their functionality and application range. Through real-world case studies, we demonstrate that this approach significantly improves the efficiency and adaptability of LLM-based applications, especially for time-sensitive tasks. Our methodology provides practical guidelines for developers to rapidly create robust and adaptable LLM applications capable of navigating dynamic information environments and performing effectively across diverse tasks.展开更多
Clay mineral composition represents an important tracer of sediment source area,migration processes,and paleoclimatic conditions.Clay mineral analysis was performed on 15 surface sediment samples collected from the co...Clay mineral composition represents an important tracer of sediment source area,migration processes,and paleoclimatic conditions.Clay mineral analysis was performed on 15 surface sediment samples collected from the coast of Chanthaburi,Thailand.Results show that the composition of clay minerals in the study area differs substantially from that in surrounding regions of the Gulf of Thailand.The clay minerals of the Chanthaburi coast are dominated by kaolinite(~56%),followed by smectite(~21%),illite(~14%),and low concentrations of chlorite(~8%).The average illite chemistry index and crystallinity are 0.93 and 0.32,respectively.Comparative analysis of the clay mineral composition of surface sediments in several typical areas around the Gulf of Thailand indicated that the clays of the Chanthaburi coast are mainly derived from parent rock weathering in the small watersheds of the Chanthaburi and Welu rivers and the surrounding islands.Terrestrial input from the northern coast of the Gulf of Thailand(excluding the Mekong River)was previously considered negligible;however,the present results indicate that such input has impact on the eastern Gulf of Thailand.The warm humid climatic conditions in Southeast Asia are the primary factors that affect the strong chemical weathering in the study area,followed by the nature of the parent rock.展开更多
[Objectives]The study aims to discuss the effects of addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet on the slaughter performance and meat quality of long(white)...[Objectives]The study aims to discuss the effects of addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet on the slaughter performance and meat quality of long(white)×large(York)binary hybrid pigs.[Methods]27 long×large castrated hybrid boars with the body weight of(54.4±0.15)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 3 replicates per group and 3 pigs per replicate.Group A was the control group,in which the pigs were fed basal diet;in group B,0.8%arginine and 0.60%glutamate were added to the basal diet;in group C,75 g of soybean phospholipid,20 g of vitamin E and 8 g of yeast selenium were added to every 100 kg of the basal diet.The trial period was 60 d.After the experiment was ended,one test pig with similar body weight was selected from each replicate for slaughter and meat determination.[Results]The average weight gain and eye muscle area of the pigs in group B were significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.05),and also showed an increasing trend compared with group A,but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the average weight gain and eye muscle area(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in other slaughter performance between the three groups(P>0.05).Besides,there was also no significant difference in the content of various amino acids,total amino acids and total umami amino acids between the three groups(P>0.05).The inosine content in the longissimus dorsi muscle and muscle cooking loss of binary hybrid pigs in group C were significantly better than those in group B(P<0.05),and also had a tendency to be better than those in group A,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the inosine content and muscle cooking loss of the pigs(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in other meat traits and chemical composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle between group B or C and group A(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet had no significant effect on the growth rate,slaughter performance and meat traits of long×large binary hybrid pigs.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of inflammatory injury and oxidative stress injury on urine microalbumin/creatinine (UACR) and 24 h urine microalbumin (24 h UMA) in patients with diabetic nephropathy.Methods: 54 patie...Objective:To explore the effect of inflammatory injury and oxidative stress injury on urine microalbumin/creatinine (UACR) and 24 h urine microalbumin (24 h UMA) in patients with diabetic nephropathy.Methods: 54 patients with early diabetic nephropathy treated in our hospital between June 2012 and December 2015 were included in early diabetic nephropathy (DN) group and 60 patients with clinical diabetic nephropathy were included in clinical DN group. 50 healthy subjects who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period were included in healthy control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum inflammatory injury index levels;automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine serum oxidative stress injury index levels;immunoturbidimetry was used to detect 24 h UMA, and UACR level was calculated.Results: Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-27 (IL-27) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels of clinical DN group were higher than those of early DN group and healthy control group while IL-10 level was lower than that of early DN group and healthy control group (P<0.05);serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), vitamin C (VitC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were lower than those of early DN group and healthy control group while lipid hydrogen peroxide (LHP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were higher than those of early DN group and healthy control group (P<0.05);UACR and 24 h UMA levels were higher than those of early DN group and healthy control group (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that UACR and 24 h UMA levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy are directly related to the degree of inflammatory injury and oxidative stress injury.Conclusions: The inflammatory injury and oxidative stress injury directly affect the UACR and 24 h UMA levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy, and are the important determinants for the occurrence and development of disease.展开更多
Objective:To study the serum expression and clinical significance of miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different urinary albumin excretion rate. Methods: A total of 126 patients with ...Objective:To study the serum expression and clinical significance of miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different urinary albumin excretion rate. Methods: A total of 126 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in our hospital between May 2013 and December 2015 were selected and divided into normal urine protein group (NA group), micro-urine protein group (MI group) and macro-urine protein group (MA group) according to the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR);50 healthy volunteers were selected as control group. Serum was collected to determine the expression miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p as well as the content of p38MAPK and TGF-毬1 signaling pathway molecules.Results:Serum miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p expression of NA group, MI group and MA group were significantly higher than those of control group and the higher the ACR, the higher the serum miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p expression;serum MAPKKK, p38MAPK, CREB, ATF-2, TGF-毬1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and CTGF content of patients with high miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p expression were significantly higher than those of patients with low miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p expression.Conclusions: Highly expressed miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can be targeted to adjust p38MAPK and TGF-毬1 signaling pathway to cause the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy.展开更多
Nitrification,a central process in the marine nitrogen cycle,produces regenerated nitrate in the euphotic zone and emits N_(2)O,a potent greenhouse gas as a by-product.The regulatory mechanisms of nitrification in the...Nitrification,a central process in the marine nitrogen cycle,produces regenerated nitrate in the euphotic zone and emits N_(2)O,a potent greenhouse gas as a by-product.The regulatory mechanisms of nitrification in the Southern Ocean,which is a critical region for CO_(2)sequestration and radiative benefits,remain poorly understood.Here,we investigated the in situ and dark nitrification rates in the upper 500 m and conducted substrate kinetics experiments across the Indian Sector in the Cosmonaut and Cooperation seas in the late austral summer.Our findings indicate that light inhibition of nitrification decreases exponentially with depth,exhibiting a light threshold of 0.53%photosynthetically active radiation.A positive relationship between dark nitrification and apparent oxygen utilization suggests a dependence on substrate availability from primary production.Importantly,an increased NH_(4)^(+) supply can act as a buffer against photo-inhibitory damage.Globally,substrate affinity(α)increases with depth and transitions from light to dark,decreases with increasing ambient NH_(4)^(+)and exhibits a latitudinal distribution,reflecting substrate utilization strategies.We also reveal that upwelling in Circumpolar Deep Water(CDW)stimulates nitrification through the introduction of potentially higher iron and deep diverse nitrifying microorganisms with higherα.We conclude that although light is the primary limiting factor for nitrification in summer,coupling between substrate availability and CDW upwelling can overcome this limitation,thereby alleviating photoinhibition by up to 45%±5.3%.展开更多
Advanced photovoltaics,such as ultra-flexible perovskite solar cells(UF-PSCs),which are known for their lightweight design and high power-to-mass ratio,have been a long-standing goal that we,as humans,have continuousl...Advanced photovoltaics,such as ultra-flexible perovskite solar cells(UF-PSCs),which are known for their lightweight design and high power-to-mass ratio,have been a long-standing goal that we,as humans,have continuously pursued.Unlike normal PSCs fabricated on rigid substrates,producing high-efficiency UF-PSCs remains a challenge due to the difficulty in achieving full coverage and minimizing defects of metal halide perovskite(MHP)films.In this study,we utilized Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles(NPs)as an inorganic surface modifier to enhance the wettability and reduce the roughness of poly-bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine simultaneously.This approach proves essentials in fabricating UF-PSCs,enabling the deposition of uniform and dense MHP films with full coverage and fewer defects.We systematically investigated the effect of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs on film formation,combining simulation with experiments.Our strategy not only significantly increases the power conversion efficiency(PCE)from 11.96%to 16.33%,but also promotes reproducibility by effectively addressing the short circuit issue commonly encountered in UF-PSCs.Additionally,our UF-PSCs demonstrates good mechanical stability,maintaining 98.6%and 79.0%of their initial PCEs after 10,000 bending cycles with radii of 1.0 and 0.5 mm,respectively.展开更多
The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits cau...The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits caused by long-term inbreeding have been major concerns to the industry in the last two decades.Hybridization between the two bay scallop subspecies may provide a new approach to breed a new variety with superior production traits for the industry.For this end,in this study,we hybridized the two bay scallop subspecies in order to obtain a new strain that incorporates the genes of both subspecies.No significant difference was found in fertilization rate,hatching rate and metamorphosis rate between the purebred and crossbred cohorts(NN♀×SS♂,denoted as NS;SS♀×NN♂,denoted as SN).Both mating strategy(intra-vs.inter-population crosses)and egg origin had significant effects on growth and survival at the larval stage.Heterosis was observed in the crossbred and was more pronounced in older stages.Genetic diversity of the reciprocal hybrids,especially that of SN,was increased compared with the purebred cohorts.Almost all hybrids were completely fertile and able to reproduce by selffertilization or by backcrossing with either parent.Apparently,male sterile individuals whose gonads were fully occupied by the ovary part at mature stage were found in the hybrids for the first time.The hybrids,especially SN,may provide precious germplasm resources for the production of ternary hybrids with the Peruvian scallop,A.purpuratus.展开更多
Due to ever-growing soccer data collection approaches and progressing artificial intelligence(AI) methods, soccer analysis, evaluation, and decision-making have received increasing interest from not only the professio...Due to ever-growing soccer data collection approaches and progressing artificial intelligence(AI) methods, soccer analysis, evaluation, and decision-making have received increasing interest from not only the professional sports analytics realm but also the academic AI research community. AI brings gamechanging approaches for soccer analytics where soccer has been a typical benchmark for AI research. The combination has been an emerging topic. In this paper, soccer match analytics are taken as a complete observation-orientation-decision-action(OODA) loop.In addition, as in AI frameworks such as that for reinforcement learning, interacting with a virtual environment enables an evolving model. Therefore, both soccer analytics in the real world and virtual domains are discussed. With the intersection of the OODA loop and the real-virtual domains, available soccer data, including event and tracking data, and diverse orientation and decisionmaking models for both real-world and virtual soccer matches are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, some promising directions in this interdisciplinary area are pointed out. It is claimed that paradigms for both professional sports analytics and AI research could be combined. Moreover, it is quite promising to bridge the gap between the real and virtual domains for soccer match analysis and decision-making.展开更多
The dynamics beamline(D-Line),which combines synchrotron radiation infrared spectroscopy(SR-IR)and energy-disper-sive X-ray absorption spectroscopy(ED-XAS),is the first beamline in the world to realize concurrent ED-X...The dynamics beamline(D-Line),which combines synchrotron radiation infrared spectroscopy(SR-IR)and energy-disper-sive X-ray absorption spectroscopy(ED-XAS),is the first beamline in the world to realize concurrent ED-XAS and SR-IR measurements at the same sample position on a millisecond time-resolved scale.This combined technique is effective for investigating rapid structural changes in atoms,electrons,and molecules in complicated disorder systems,such as those used in physics,chemistry,materials science,and extreme conditions.Moreover,ED-XAS and SR-IR can be used independently in the two branches of the D-Line.The ED-XAS branch is the first ED-XAS beamline in China,which uses a tapered undulator light source and can achieve approximately 2.5×10^(12)photons/s·300 eV BW@7.2 keV at the sample position.An exchange-able polychromator operating in the Bragg-reflection or Laue-transmission configuration is used in different energy ranges to satisfy the requirements for beam size and energy resolution.The focused beam size is approximately 3.5μm(H)×21.5μm(V),and the X-ray energy range is 5–25 keV.Using one-and two-dimensional position-sensitive detectors with frame rates of up to 400 kHz enables time resolutions of tens of microseconds to be realized.Several distinctive techniques,such as the concurrent measurement of in situ ED-XAS and infrared spectroscopy,time-resolved ED-XAS,high-pressure ED-XAS,XMCD,and pump-probe ED-XAS,can be applied to achieve different scientific goals.展开更多
Electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2)RR)to multicarbon products is an efficient approach for ad-dressing the energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.In H-cells,achieving high-current C_(2)products is chall...Electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2)RR)to multicarbon products is an efficient approach for ad-dressing the energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.In H-cells,achieving high-current C_(2)products is challenging because of the inefficient mass transfer of the catalyst and the presence of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this study,dendritic Cu/Cu_(2)O with abundant Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)interfaces and numerous dendritic curves was synthesized in a CO_(2)atmosphere,resulting in the high selectivity and current density of the C_(2)products.Dendritic Cu/Cu_(2)O achieved a C_(2)Faradaic efficiency of 69.8%and a C_(2)partial current density of 129.5 mA cm^(-2)in an H-cell.Finite element simulations showed that a dendritic structure with a high curvature generates a strong electric field,leading to a localized CO_(2)concentration.Additionally,DRT analysis showed that a dendritic struc-ture with a high curvature actively adsorbed the surrounding high concentration of CO_(2),enhancing the mass transfer rate and achieving a high current density.During the experiment,the impact of the electronic structure on the performance of the catalyst was investigated by varying the atomic ratio of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) on the catalyst surface,which resulted in improved ethylene selectivity.Under the optimal atomic ratio of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+),the charge transfer resistance was minimized,and the desorption rate of the intermediates was low,favoring C_(2) generation.Density functional theory calculations indicated that the Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) interfaces exhibited a lower Gibbs free energy for the rate-determining step,enhancing C_(2)H_(4) formation.The Cu/Cu_(2)O catalyst also exhibited a low Cu d-band center,which enhanced the adsorption stability of *CO on the surface and facilitated C_(2)formation.This observa-tion explained the higher yield of C_(2) products at the Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) interface than that of H_(2) under rapid mass transfer.The results of the net present value model showed that the H-cell holds promising industrial prospects,contingent upon it being a catalyst with both high selectivity and high current density.This approach of integrating the structure and composition provides new insights for ad-vancing the CO_(2)RR towards high-current C_(2) products.展开更多
Plasma-activated water(PAW),as an extended form of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma,greatly expands the application of plasma-based technology.The biological effects of PAW are closely related to the aqueous reactive ...Plasma-activated water(PAW),as an extended form of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma,greatly expands the application of plasma-based technology.The biological effects of PAW are closely related to the aqueous reactive species,which can be regulated by the activation process.In this study,surface plasma-activated air(SAA)and a He+O_(2)plasma jet(Jet)were parallelly combined(the SAA+Jet combination)or sequentially combined(the SAA→Jet combination and the Jet→SAA combination)to prepare plasma-activated saline(PAS).The PAS activated by the combinations exhibited stronger bactericidal effects than that activated by the SAA or the Jet alone.The concentrations of H_(2)O_(2)and NO_(2)^(-)were higher in the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination,while ONOO^(-)concentrations were close in the three kinds of PAS and^(1)O_(2)concentrations were higher in the PAS activated by the SAA+Jet combination.The analysis of scavengers also demonstrated that H_(2)O_(2),^(1)O_(2),and ONOO^(-)in the PAS activated by the SAA+Jet combination,and^(1)O_(2)in the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination played critical roles in bactericidal effects.Further,the effective placement time of the three PAS varied,and the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination could also inactivate 2.6-log_(10)of MRSA cells after placement for more than 60 min.The regulation of reactive species in plasma-activated water via different combinations of plasma devices could improve the directional application of plasma-activated water in the biomedical field.展开更多
At present,the active control of gear vibration mostly relies on existing algorithms.In order to achieve effective vibration reduction of the gear system,particularly during the vibration process,this paper proposes a...At present,the active control of gear vibration mostly relies on existing algorithms.In order to achieve effective vibration reduction of the gear system,particularly during the vibration process,this paper proposes a multi-channel VSMFxLMS algorithm based on the FxLMS algorithm.This novel approach takes into account the time-varying nature of the vibration signal during gear vibration.Adaptive filter power coefficients are updated in a skip-tongue variable-step manner using momentum factors.Firstly,the paper establishes the dynamics model of the gear system and analyzes the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system.It then examines the vibration damping effect of the FxLMS algorithm and analyzes its performance under different gear system motion states,considering different step lengths and momentum factors.Lastly,the proposed VSMFxLMS algorithm is compared with the FxLMS algorithm,highlighting the superiority of the former.Overall,this research highlights the potential of a multi-channel VSMFxLMS algorithm in reducing vibrations in gear systems.The study optimizes the performance of gear systems while using advanced control strategies.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Department of Education of Guangdong Province of China,No.2016KCXTD005
文摘This review summarizes and describes the use of curcumin in diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease.For diagnosis of Alzheimer＇s disease,amyloid-β and highly phosphorylated tau protein are the major biomarkers.Curcumin was developed as an early diagnostic probe based on its natural fluorescence and high binding affinity to amyloid-β.Because of its multi-target effects,curcumin has protective and preventive effects on many chronic diseases such as cerebrovascular disease,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia.For prevention and treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease,curcumin has been shown to effectively maintain the normal structure and function of cerebral vessels,mitochondria,and synapses,reduce risk factors for a variety of chronic diseases,and decrease the risk of Alzheimer＇s disease.The effect of curcumin on Alzheimer＇s disease involves multiple signaling pathways：anti-amyloid and metal iron chelating properties,antioxidation and anti-inflammatory activities.Indeed,there is a scientific basis for the rational application of curcumin in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81201972the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2013M531555the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangxi province,No.2013KY44
文摘AIM To clarify the underlying mechanism of formin-like 3(FMNL3)in the promotion of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)cell invasion.METHODS The in vitro biological function analyses of FMNL3 were performed by gain-and loss-of function approaches.Changes in the F-actin cytoskeleton were detected by the technologies of phalloidin-TRITC labeling and confocal microscopy.The signaling pathway mediated by FMNL3 was explored by western blot,gelatin zymograph assay,co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP),immunofluorescence colocalization,and glutathione S-transferase(GST)pulldown assay.RESULTS The in vitro experimental results showed that FMNL3 significantly promoted the proliferation,invasion,and migration of CRC cells(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Moreover,FMNL3regulated the remodeling of actin-based protrusions such as filopodia and lamellipodia in a RhoC-dependent manner.The western blot and gelatin zymograph assay results indicated that FMNL3 was involved in the RhoC/focal adhesion kinase(FAK)pathway and acted as an effector of RhoC to activate the downstream signaling of p-FAK as well as p-MAPK and p-AKT.This resulted in the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2),matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and the subsequent promotion of CRC cell invasion.The results of TAE226,U0126 or Ly294002 treatment confirmed an essential role of FMNL3 in activation of the RhoC/FAK pathway and the subsequent promotion of CRC invasion.Co-IP,colocalization and GST pull-down assays showed the direct interaction of FMNL3 with RhoC in vivo and in vitro.CONCLUSION FMNL3 regulates the RhoC/FAK signaling pathway and RhoC-dependent remodeling of actin-based protrusions to promote CRC invasion.
文摘Objective To investigate the role of peffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in evaluation of cirrhotic fiver. Methods With a 4F catheter, 1% diluted carbon tetrachloride （ 1 ml/kg） was selectively injected into fight or left hepatic artery of 12 dogs fortnightly. The half fiver into which carbon tetrachloride was injected was called as study side （SS）, while the other half fiver without carbon tetrachloride injection was called as study control side （SCS）. Conventional and peffusion-weighted MRI were performed in every 4 weeks. Via a 4F catheter, 5ml gadolinium diethylentriamine pentaaceti acid （Gd-DTPA） dilution was injected into superior mesenteric artery at the 5th scan. The signal intensity-thne curves of SS, SCS, and portal vein were completed in MR workstation. The maximal relative signal increase （ MRSI）, peak time （ tp）, and slope of the curves were measured. Results On conventional MR images, no abnormalities of externality and signal intensity were observed in both SS and SCS of fiver at each stage. The mean tp, MP, SI, and slope of intensity-time curves in normal fiver were 10. 56 seconds, 1.01, and 10. 23 arbitrary unit （au）/s, respectively. Three parameters of curves didn＇t show obvious change in SCS of fiver at every stage. Abnormal perfusion curves occurred in SS of fiver at the 12th week after the 1st injection. The abnormality of perfusion curve in SS was more and more serious as the times of injection increased. The mean tp, IVlRSI, and slope intensity-time curves in SS of fiver were 19.45 seconds, 0. 43, and 3. 60 au/s respectively at the 24th week. Conclusion Perfusion-weighted imaging can potentially provide information about portal peffusion of hepatic parenchyma, and to some degree, reflect the severity of cirrhosis.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41721005the COMRA Program of China under contract No.DY135-E2-2-03the Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation&Assessment Program of China under contract Nos CHINARE2017-01-04-03 and CHINARE2017-04-01-06
文摘During the 29 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen(δ15NPN)and their controlling factors were examined in detail with regard to nitrate drawdown by phytoplankton and particulate nitrogen(PN)remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.To better constrain the nitrogen transformations,the physical and chemical parameters,including temperature,salinity,nutrients,PN andδ15NPN in seawater column were measured from surface to bottom.In addition,the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton in the mixed layer,and the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of PN remineralization below the mixed layer were estimated using Rayleigh model and Steady State model,respectively.Our results showed that suspended particles had its lowestδ15NPN in the surface layer,which was due to the preferential assimilation of 14 N in nitrate by phytoplankton.Theδ15NPN in the mixed layer of the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas decreased from the inner shelf to the outer basin,ascribing to the effect of isotope fractionation during phytoplankton assimilation.In mixed layer,the spatial distribution ofδ15NPN associated with particulate organic matter(POM)production can be well interpreted according to Rayleigh model and Steady State model.The nitrogen isotope fractionation factor during phytoplankton assimilating nitrate was estimated as 10.0‰by Steady State model,which was more reasonable than that calculated by Rayleigh model.These results validate the previous reports of fractionation factor during nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton.Increasingδ15NPN with depth below the euphotic zone correlated with the decreasing PN contents,and it was attributed to preferential remineralization of 14 N in PN by bacteria.In subsurface and deep layer,theδ15NPN distributions also conformed to Rayleigh model and Steady State model during PN remineralization,with a fractionation factor of about 3.6‰and 3.2‰,respectively.It is the first time to estimate the fractionation factor during POM production and remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.Such fractionation may provide a useful tool for the follow-up study of the nitrogen dynamics in the Southern Ocean.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41572333,51274013).In addition,we express our sincere gratitude to Ada Zhang for polishing the language of this paper.
文摘An accurate assessment of root respiration in mine reclaimed soil is important for effectively evaluating mining area ecosystems.This study investigated dynamic changes in root respiration and the contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration(R_(r)/R_(t) ratio)during the non-growing season in mine reclaimed soil,with different covering-soil thicknesses.According to the covering-soil thicknesses,the study area was divided into four sites:10-25 cm(site A),25-45 cm(site B),45-55 cm(site C),and 55-65 cm(site D).From November 2017 to April 2018(except February in 2018),the soil respiration,root respiration,temperature at 5 cm,water content,and root biomass were measured.The results show that soil temperature and root respiration exhibited similar diurnal and monthly variations.The root respiration is strongly influenced by soil temperature during the non-growing season,with an exponential and positive relationship(P<0.001).Root respiration varies with the covering-soil thickness and is greatest with a covering-soil thickness of 25-45 cm.The R_(r)/R_(t) ratio also exhibits monthly variations.During the non-growing season,the mean value of the R_(r)/R_(t) ratio is 51.15%in mine reclaimed soil.The study indicates that root respiration is the primary source of soil respiration and is an important factor for estimating the potential emission of soil CO_(2) from mine reclaimed soil at the regional scale.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC1709004)。
文摘Objective: To critically evaluate and summarize the methodological quality of systematic reviews(SRs)and present objective and important outcomes on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) therapies, including Chinese herbal medicine(CHM), acupuncture, and moxibustion, for diarrheapredominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D).Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search for SRs in 7 databases until April 16, 2022.Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the reviews according to the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2(AMSTAR-2), the Risk of Bias in Systematic reviews(ROBIS) tool, and the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis(PRISMA) statement. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation(GRADE) was used to rate the quality of evidence.Results: IBS-D patients included in 12 reviews were diagnosed in accordance with the Rome criteria, 9 reviews focused on CHM, 2 articles observed moxibustion and heat-sensitive moxibustion, 1 article studied acupuncture and CHM. The outcomes of the SRs were the effectiveness rate, the total effectiveness rate,global symptom improvement, and adverse effects. Based on AMSTAR-2, which measures the quality of methodology, all of the included studies were of low or critically low quality. According to the ROBIS tool, 10 SRs(83.33%) had a high risk of bias. With the PRISMA checklist, only 3 SRs reached over 90% compliance.Based on GRADE, most evidence was of low quality, and there was a moderate quality of evidence that the effectiveness rate of modified-Tongxie Yaofang was superior to Western medicine in the treatment of IBS-D.Conclusion: Given the suboptimal reporting and methodological quality of existing SRs, more studies are needed to clarify whether TCM therapies are more effective or safe than pharmacological medicine.Future studies should combine evidence-based medicine with TCM research according to the characteristics of TCM.
文摘This paper presents a reference methodology for process orchestration that accelerates the development of Large Language Model (LLM) applications by integrating knowledge bases, API access, and deep web retrieval. By incorporating structured knowledge, the methodology enhances LLMs’ reasoning abilities, enabling more accurate and efficient handling of complex tasks. Integration with open APIs allows LLMs to access external services and real-time data, expanding their functionality and application range. Through real-world case studies, we demonstrate that this approach significantly improves the efficiency and adaptability of LLM-based applications, especially for time-sensitive tasks. Our methodology provides practical guidelines for developers to rapidly create robust and adaptable LLM applications capable of navigating dynamic information environments and performing effectively across diverse tasks.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2019YFE0124700)the Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography+1 种基金MNR (No.2019026)the Marine Protected Areas Network in China-ASEAN Countries。
文摘Clay mineral composition represents an important tracer of sediment source area,migration processes,and paleoclimatic conditions.Clay mineral analysis was performed on 15 surface sediment samples collected from the coast of Chanthaburi,Thailand.Results show that the composition of clay minerals in the study area differs substantially from that in surrounding regions of the Gulf of Thailand.The clay minerals of the Chanthaburi coast are dominated by kaolinite(~56%),followed by smectite(~21%),illite(~14%),and low concentrations of chlorite(~8%).The average illite chemistry index and crystallinity are 0.93 and 0.32,respectively.Comparative analysis of the clay mineral composition of surface sediments in several typical areas around the Gulf of Thailand indicated that the clays of the Chanthaburi coast are mainly derived from parent rock weathering in the small watersheds of the Chanthaburi and Welu rivers and the surrounding islands.Terrestrial input from the northern coast of the Gulf of Thailand(excluding the Mekong River)was previously considered negligible;however,the present results indicate that such input has impact on the eastern Gulf of Thailand.The warm humid climatic conditions in Southeast Asia are the primary factors that affect the strong chemical weathering in the study area,followed by the nature of the parent rock.
基金Supported by Self-funded Project of Agricultural Science and Technology of Guangxi(Z2022114).
文摘[Objectives]The study aims to discuss the effects of addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet on the slaughter performance and meat quality of long(white)×large(York)binary hybrid pigs.[Methods]27 long×large castrated hybrid boars with the body weight of(54.4±0.15)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 3 replicates per group and 3 pigs per replicate.Group A was the control group,in which the pigs were fed basal diet;in group B,0.8%arginine and 0.60%glutamate were added to the basal diet;in group C,75 g of soybean phospholipid,20 g of vitamin E and 8 g of yeast selenium were added to every 100 kg of the basal diet.The trial period was 60 d.After the experiment was ended,one test pig with similar body weight was selected from each replicate for slaughter and meat determination.[Results]The average weight gain and eye muscle area of the pigs in group B were significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.05),and also showed an increasing trend compared with group A,but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the average weight gain and eye muscle area(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in other slaughter performance between the three groups(P>0.05).Besides,there was also no significant difference in the content of various amino acids,total amino acids and total umami amino acids between the three groups(P>0.05).The inosine content in the longissimus dorsi muscle and muscle cooking loss of binary hybrid pigs in group C were significantly better than those in group B(P<0.05),and also had a tendency to be better than those in group A,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the inosine content and muscle cooking loss of the pigs(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in other meat traits and chemical composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle between group B or C and group A(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet had no significant effect on the growth rate,slaughter performance and meat traits of long×large binary hybrid pigs.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of inflammatory injury and oxidative stress injury on urine microalbumin/creatinine (UACR) and 24 h urine microalbumin (24 h UMA) in patients with diabetic nephropathy.Methods: 54 patients with early diabetic nephropathy treated in our hospital between June 2012 and December 2015 were included in early diabetic nephropathy (DN) group and 60 patients with clinical diabetic nephropathy were included in clinical DN group. 50 healthy subjects who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period were included in healthy control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum inflammatory injury index levels;automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine serum oxidative stress injury index levels;immunoturbidimetry was used to detect 24 h UMA, and UACR level was calculated.Results: Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-27 (IL-27) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels of clinical DN group were higher than those of early DN group and healthy control group while IL-10 level was lower than that of early DN group and healthy control group (P<0.05);serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), vitamin C (VitC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were lower than those of early DN group and healthy control group while lipid hydrogen peroxide (LHP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were higher than those of early DN group and healthy control group (P<0.05);UACR and 24 h UMA levels were higher than those of early DN group and healthy control group (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that UACR and 24 h UMA levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy are directly related to the degree of inflammatory injury and oxidative stress injury.Conclusions: The inflammatory injury and oxidative stress injury directly affect the UACR and 24 h UMA levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy, and are the important determinants for the occurrence and development of disease.
文摘Objective:To study the serum expression and clinical significance of miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different urinary albumin excretion rate. Methods: A total of 126 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in our hospital between May 2013 and December 2015 were selected and divided into normal urine protein group (NA group), micro-urine protein group (MI group) and macro-urine protein group (MA group) according to the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR);50 healthy volunteers were selected as control group. Serum was collected to determine the expression miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p as well as the content of p38MAPK and TGF-毬1 signaling pathway molecules.Results:Serum miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p expression of NA group, MI group and MA group were significantly higher than those of control group and the higher the ACR, the higher the serum miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p expression;serum MAPKKK, p38MAPK, CREB, ATF-2, TGF-毬1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and CTGF content of patients with high miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p expression were significantly higher than those of patients with low miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p expression.Conclusions: Highly expressed miR-342-5p and miR-423-5p in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can be targeted to adjust p38MAPK and TGF-毬1 signaling pathway to cause the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41721005the Fund of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China under contract Nos IRASCC 02-01-01 and 01-01-02C.
文摘Nitrification,a central process in the marine nitrogen cycle,produces regenerated nitrate in the euphotic zone and emits N_(2)O,a potent greenhouse gas as a by-product.The regulatory mechanisms of nitrification in the Southern Ocean,which is a critical region for CO_(2)sequestration and radiative benefits,remain poorly understood.Here,we investigated the in situ and dark nitrification rates in the upper 500 m and conducted substrate kinetics experiments across the Indian Sector in the Cosmonaut and Cooperation seas in the late austral summer.Our findings indicate that light inhibition of nitrification decreases exponentially with depth,exhibiting a light threshold of 0.53%photosynthetically active radiation.A positive relationship between dark nitrification and apparent oxygen utilization suggests a dependence on substrate availability from primary production.Importantly,an increased NH_(4)^(+) supply can act as a buffer against photo-inhibitory damage.Globally,substrate affinity(α)increases with depth and transitions from light to dark,decreases with increasing ambient NH_(4)^(+)and exhibits a latitudinal distribution,reflecting substrate utilization strategies.We also reveal that upwelling in Circumpolar Deep Water(CDW)stimulates nitrification through the introduction of potentially higher iron and deep diverse nitrifying microorganisms with higherα.We conclude that although light is the primary limiting factor for nitrification in summer,coupling between substrate availability and CDW upwelling can overcome this limitation,thereby alleviating photoinhibition by up to 45%±5.3%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22005043,52272193)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0709102 and 2020YFA0714502)+1 种基金the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2007038,XLYC2008032)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB602,DUT22GJ201).
文摘Advanced photovoltaics,such as ultra-flexible perovskite solar cells(UF-PSCs),which are known for their lightweight design and high power-to-mass ratio,have been a long-standing goal that we,as humans,have continuously pursued.Unlike normal PSCs fabricated on rigid substrates,producing high-efficiency UF-PSCs remains a challenge due to the difficulty in achieving full coverage and minimizing defects of metal halide perovskite(MHP)films.In this study,we utilized Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles(NPs)as an inorganic surface modifier to enhance the wettability and reduce the roughness of poly-bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine simultaneously.This approach proves essentials in fabricating UF-PSCs,enabling the deposition of uniform and dense MHP films with full coverage and fewer defects.We systematically investigated the effect of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs on film formation,combining simulation with experiments.Our strategy not only significantly increases the power conversion efficiency(PCE)from 11.96%to 16.33%,but also promotes reproducibility by effectively addressing the short circuit issue commonly encountered in UF-PSCs.Additionally,our UF-PSCs demonstrates good mechanical stability,maintaining 98.6%and 79.0%of their initial PCEs after 10,000 bending cycles with radii of 1.0 and 0.5 mm,respectively.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972791)the Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province(No.2020LZGC016)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Project of Yantai,Shandong Province(No.2022XCZX083)the Earmarked Fund for Shandong Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System(No.SDAIT-14)。
文摘The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits caused by long-term inbreeding have been major concerns to the industry in the last two decades.Hybridization between the two bay scallop subspecies may provide a new approach to breed a new variety with superior production traits for the industry.For this end,in this study,we hybridized the two bay scallop subspecies in order to obtain a new strain that incorporates the genes of both subspecies.No significant difference was found in fertilization rate,hatching rate and metamorphosis rate between the purebred and crossbred cohorts(NN♀×SS♂,denoted as NS;SS♀×NN♂,denoted as SN).Both mating strategy(intra-vs.inter-population crosses)and egg origin had significant effects on growth and survival at the larval stage.Heterosis was observed in the crossbred and was more pronounced in older stages.Genetic diversity of the reciprocal hybrids,especially that of SN,was increased compared with the purebred cohorts.Almost all hybrids were completely fertile and able to reproduce by selffertilization or by backcrossing with either parent.Apparently,male sterile individuals whose gonads were fully occupied by the ovary part at mature stage were found in the hybrids for the first time.The hybrids,especially SN,may provide precious germplasm resources for the production of ternary hybrids with the Peruvian scallop,A.purpuratus.
基金supported by the National Key Research,Development Program of China (2020AAA0103404)the Beijing Nova Program (20220484077)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62073323)。
文摘Due to ever-growing soccer data collection approaches and progressing artificial intelligence(AI) methods, soccer analysis, evaluation, and decision-making have received increasing interest from not only the professional sports analytics realm but also the academic AI research community. AI brings gamechanging approaches for soccer analytics where soccer has been a typical benchmark for AI research. The combination has been an emerging topic. In this paper, soccer match analytics are taken as a complete observation-orientation-decision-action(OODA) loop.In addition, as in AI frameworks such as that for reinforcement learning, interacting with a virtual environment enables an evolving model. Therefore, both soccer analytics in the real world and virtual domains are discussed. With the intersection of the OODA loop and the real-virtual domains, available soccer data, including event and tracking data, and diverse orientation and decisionmaking models for both real-world and virtual soccer matches are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, some promising directions in this interdisciplinary area are pointed out. It is claimed that paradigms for both professional sports analytics and AI research could be combined. Moreover, it is quite promising to bridge the gap between the real and virtual domains for soccer match analysis and decision-making.
基金supported by the SSRF Phase-II Beamline Project.
文摘The dynamics beamline(D-Line),which combines synchrotron radiation infrared spectroscopy(SR-IR)and energy-disper-sive X-ray absorption spectroscopy(ED-XAS),is the first beamline in the world to realize concurrent ED-XAS and SR-IR measurements at the same sample position on a millisecond time-resolved scale.This combined technique is effective for investigating rapid structural changes in atoms,electrons,and molecules in complicated disorder systems,such as those used in physics,chemistry,materials science,and extreme conditions.Moreover,ED-XAS and SR-IR can be used independently in the two branches of the D-Line.The ED-XAS branch is the first ED-XAS beamline in China,which uses a tapered undulator light source and can achieve approximately 2.5×10^(12)photons/s·300 eV BW@7.2 keV at the sample position.An exchange-able polychromator operating in the Bragg-reflection or Laue-transmission configuration is used in different energy ranges to satisfy the requirements for beam size and energy resolution.The focused beam size is approximately 3.5μm(H)×21.5μm(V),and the X-ray energy range is 5–25 keV.Using one-and two-dimensional position-sensitive detectors with frame rates of up to 400 kHz enables time resolutions of tens of microseconds to be realized.Several distinctive techniques,such as the concurrent measurement of in situ ED-XAS and infrared spectroscopy,time-resolved ED-XAS,high-pressure ED-XAS,XMCD,and pump-probe ED-XAS,can be applied to achieve different scientific goals.
文摘Electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2)RR)to multicarbon products is an efficient approach for ad-dressing the energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.In H-cells,achieving high-current C_(2)products is challenging because of the inefficient mass transfer of the catalyst and the presence of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this study,dendritic Cu/Cu_(2)O with abundant Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)interfaces and numerous dendritic curves was synthesized in a CO_(2)atmosphere,resulting in the high selectivity and current density of the C_(2)products.Dendritic Cu/Cu_(2)O achieved a C_(2)Faradaic efficiency of 69.8%and a C_(2)partial current density of 129.5 mA cm^(-2)in an H-cell.Finite element simulations showed that a dendritic structure with a high curvature generates a strong electric field,leading to a localized CO_(2)concentration.Additionally,DRT analysis showed that a dendritic struc-ture with a high curvature actively adsorbed the surrounding high concentration of CO_(2),enhancing the mass transfer rate and achieving a high current density.During the experiment,the impact of the electronic structure on the performance of the catalyst was investigated by varying the atomic ratio of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) on the catalyst surface,which resulted in improved ethylene selectivity.Under the optimal atomic ratio of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+),the charge transfer resistance was minimized,and the desorption rate of the intermediates was low,favoring C_(2) generation.Density functional theory calculations indicated that the Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) interfaces exhibited a lower Gibbs free energy for the rate-determining step,enhancing C_(2)H_(4) formation.The Cu/Cu_(2)O catalyst also exhibited a low Cu d-band center,which enhanced the adsorption stability of *CO on the surface and facilitated C_(2)formation.This observa-tion explained the higher yield of C_(2) products at the Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) interface than that of H_(2) under rapid mass transfer.The results of the net present value model showed that the H-cell holds promising industrial prospects,contingent upon it being a catalyst with both high selectivity and high current density.This approach of integrating the structure and composition provides new insights for ad-vancing the CO_(2)RR towards high-current C_(2) products.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51977174)。
文摘Plasma-activated water(PAW),as an extended form of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma,greatly expands the application of plasma-based technology.The biological effects of PAW are closely related to the aqueous reactive species,which can be regulated by the activation process.In this study,surface plasma-activated air(SAA)and a He+O_(2)plasma jet(Jet)were parallelly combined(the SAA+Jet combination)or sequentially combined(the SAA→Jet combination and the Jet→SAA combination)to prepare plasma-activated saline(PAS).The PAS activated by the combinations exhibited stronger bactericidal effects than that activated by the SAA or the Jet alone.The concentrations of H_(2)O_(2)and NO_(2)^(-)were higher in the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination,while ONOO^(-)concentrations were close in the three kinds of PAS and^(1)O_(2)concentrations were higher in the PAS activated by the SAA+Jet combination.The analysis of scavengers also demonstrated that H_(2)O_(2),^(1)O_(2),and ONOO^(-)in the PAS activated by the SAA+Jet combination,and^(1)O_(2)in the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination played critical roles in bactericidal effects.Further,the effective placement time of the three PAS varied,and the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination could also inactivate 2.6-log_(10)of MRSA cells after placement for more than 60 min.The regulation of reactive species in plasma-activated water via different combinations of plasma devices could improve the directional application of plasma-activated water in the biomedical field.
基金Supported by Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024NSFSC0902)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52405254,52105108,52375039)+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.2023QNRC001)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.E2023105039).
文摘At present,the active control of gear vibration mostly relies on existing algorithms.In order to achieve effective vibration reduction of the gear system,particularly during the vibration process,this paper proposes a multi-channel VSMFxLMS algorithm based on the FxLMS algorithm.This novel approach takes into account the time-varying nature of the vibration signal during gear vibration.Adaptive filter power coefficients are updated in a skip-tongue variable-step manner using momentum factors.Firstly,the paper establishes the dynamics model of the gear system and analyzes the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system.It then examines the vibration damping effect of the FxLMS algorithm and analyzes its performance under different gear system motion states,considering different step lengths and momentum factors.Lastly,the proposed VSMFxLMS algorithm is compared with the FxLMS algorithm,highlighting the superiority of the former.Overall,this research highlights the potential of a multi-channel VSMFxLMS algorithm in reducing vibrations in gear systems.The study optimizes the performance of gear systems while using advanced control strategies.
