With the rise of artificial intelligence(AI)in mineral processing,predicting the flotation indexes has attracted significant research attention.Nevertheless,current prediction models suffer from low accuracy and high ...With the rise of artificial intelligence(AI)in mineral processing,predicting the flotation indexes has attracted significant research attention.Nevertheless,current prediction models suffer from low accuracy and high prediction errors.Therefore,this paper utilizes a two-step procedure.First,the outliers are pro-cessed using the box chart method and filtering algorithm.Then,the decision tree(DT),support vector regression(SVR),random forest(RF),and the bagging,boosting,and stacking integration algorithms are employed to construct a flotation recovery prediction model.Extensive experiments compared the prediction accuracy of six modeling methods on flotation recovery and delved into the impact of diverse base model combinations on the stacking model’s prediction accuracy.In addition,field data have veri-fied the model’s effectiveness.This study demonstrates that the stacking ensemble approaches,which uses ten variables to predict flotation recovery,yields a more favorable prediction effect than the bagging ensemble approach and single models,achieving MAE,RMSE,R2,and MRE scores of 0.929,1.370,0.843,and 1.229%,respectively.The hit rates,within an error range of±2%and±4%,are 82.4%and 94.6%.Consequently,the prediction effect is relatively precise and offers significant value in the context of actual production.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of identifying cancer patients by use of medical claims data in a health insurance system in China, and provide the basis for establishing the claims-based cancer surveillance syste...Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of identifying cancer patients by use of medical claims data in a health insurance system in China, and provide the basis for establishing the claims-based cancer surveillance system in China.Methods: We chose Hua County, Henan Province as the study site, and randomly selected 300 and 1,200 qualified inpatient electronic medical records(EMRs) as well as the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme(NCMS) claims records for cancer patients in Hua County People’s Hospital(HCPH) and Anyang Cancer Hospital(ACH) in 2017. Diagnostic information for NCMS claims was evaluated on an individual level, and sensitivity and positive predictive value(PPV) were calculated taking the EMRs as the gold standard.Results: The sensitivity of NCMS was 95.2%(93.8%-96.3%) and 92.0%(88.3%-94.8%) in ACH and HCPH,respectively. The PPV of the NCMS was 97.8%(96.7%-98.5%) in ACH and 89.0%(84.9%-92.3%) in HCPH.Overall, the weighted and combined sensitivity and PPV of NCMS in Hua County was 93.1% and 92.1%,respectively. Significantly higher sensitivity and PPV in identifying patients with common cancers than noncommon cancers were detected in HCPH and ACH separately(P<0.01).Conclusions: Identification of cancer patients by use of the NCMS is accurate on individual level, and it is therefore feasible to conduct claims-based cancer surveillance in areas not covered by cancer registries in China.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to develop and validate a risk scoring system to identify high-risk individuals carrying malignant lesions in stomach for tailored gastric cancer screening.Methods:A gastric cancer risk scor...Objective:This study aimed to develop and validate a risk scoring system to identify high-risk individuals carrying malignant lesions in stomach for tailored gastric cancer screening.Methods:A gastric cancer risk scoring system(GC-RSS)was developed based on questionnaire-based predictors for gastric cancer derived from systematic literature review.To assess the capability of this system for discrimination,risk scores for 8,214 and 7,235 outpatient subjects accepting endoscopic examination in two endoscopy centers,and 32,630 participants in a community-based cohort in China were calculated to plot receiver operating characteristic curves and generate area under the curve(AUC).To evaluate the performance of GC-RSS,the screening proportion,sensitivity and detection rate ratio compared to universal screening were used under different risk score cutoff values.Results:GC-RSS comprised nine predictors including advanced age,male gender,low body mass index(<18.5 kg/m^(2)),family history of gastric cancer,cigarette smoking,consumption of alcohol,preference for salty food,irregularity of meals and consumption of preserved food.This tool performed well in determining the risk of malignant gastric lesions with AUCs of 0.763,0.706 and 0.696 in three validation sets.When subjects with risk scores≥5 were evaluated with endoscopy,nearly 50%of these endoscopies could be saved with a detection rate of over 1.5 times achieved.When the cutoff was set at 8,only about 10%of subjects with the highest risk would be offered endoscopy,and detection rates for gastric cancer could be increased 2-4 fold compared to universal screening.Conclusions:An effective questionnaire-based GC-RSS was developed and validated.This tool may play an important role in establishing a tailored screening strategy for gastric cancer in China.展开更多
Objective:We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of oral microbiome with malignant esophageal lesions and its predictive potential as a biomarker of risk.Methods:We conducted a case-control study nested wi...Objective:We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of oral microbiome with malignant esophageal lesions and its predictive potential as a biomarker of risk.Methods:We conducted a case-control study nested within a population-based cohort with up to 8 visits of oral swab collection for each subject over an 11-year period in a high-risk area for esophageal cancer in China.The oral microbiome was evaluated with 16 S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequencing in 428 pre-diagnostic oral specimens from 84 cases with esophageal lesions of severe squamous dysplasia and above(SDA)and 168 matched healthy controls.DESeq analysis was performed to identify taxa of differential abundance.Differential oral species together with subject characteristics were evaluated for their potential in predicting SDA risk by constructing conditional logistic regression models.Results:A total of 125 taxa including 37 named species showed significantly different abundance between SDA cases and controls(all P<0.05&false discovery rate-adjusted Q<0.10).A multivariate logistic model including 11 SDA lesion-related species and family history of esophageal cancer provided an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.89(95%CI,0.84-0.93).Cross-validation and sensitivity analysis,excluding cases diagnosed within 1 year of collection of the baseline specimen and their matched controls,or restriction to screenendoscopic-detected or clinically diagnosed case-control triads,or using only bacterial data measured at the baseline,yielded AUCs>0.84.Conclusions:The oral microbiome may play an etiological and predictive role in esophageal cancer,and it holds promise as a non-invasive early warning biomarker for risk stratification for esophageal cancer screening programs.展开更多
Objective： There have been few population-based studies evaluating health related quality of life（HRQOL） in rural populations in China, and this study aimed to assess the current status of and risk factors for HRQO...Objective： There have been few population-based studies evaluating health related quality of life（HRQOL） in rural populations in China, and this study aimed to assess the current status of and risk factors for HRQOL in a general rural population in high risk region of esophageal cancer in China.Methods： From November 2015 to September 2016, 12,085 permanent residents aged 45–69 years from 257 villages in the Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Cancer in China（ESECC） trial（Clinical Trials.gov：NCT01688908） randomly selected from Hua County, Henan Province, China were interviewed. The EQ-5 D-3 L,a generic measure of HRQOL, and a questionnaire were used to assess their HRQOL and potential risk factors.Results： Among all the participants, 30.62% of the participants reported problems in at least one EQ-5 D dimension. Pain/discomfort（25.52%） was the most frequently reported problem followed by anxiety/depression（7.97%）, mobility（5.82%）, usual activities（2.61%） and self-care（1%）. These rural residents had a mean EQ-5 D index score of 0.948, and lower EQ-5 D index scores were associated with older age, female gender, lower levels of household annual per capita income, living alone, using shallow wells as main source of drinking water, exposure to family members smoking, testiness, unhealthy dietary habits, overweight or obesity, upper gastrointestinal cancer related symptoms and chronic diseases.Conclusions： Rural residents in China have a relatively low quality of life. Health promotion programs in this population should focus on the elderly, especially elderly women and the elderly living alone. Improving basic living circumstances and primary medical care services should be priorities. Results of this study will also serve as the basis for the cost-utility evaluation in our ESECC screening trial.展开更多
In recent years,a number of wireless indoor positioning(WIP),such as Bluetooth,Wi-Fi,and Ultra-Wideband(UWB)technologies,are emerging.However,the indoor environment is complex and changeable.Walls,pillars,and even ped...In recent years,a number of wireless indoor positioning(WIP),such as Bluetooth,Wi-Fi,and Ultra-Wideband(UWB)technologies,are emerging.However,the indoor environment is complex and changeable.Walls,pillars,and even pedestrians may block wireless signals and produce non-line-of-sight(NLOS)deviations,resulting in decreased positioning accuracy and the inability to provide people with real-time continuous indoor positioning.This work proposed a strong tracking particle filter based on the chi-square test(SPFC)for indoor positioning.SPFC can fuse indoor wireless signals and the information of the inertial sensing unit(IMU)in the smartphone and detect the NLOS deviation through the chi-square test to avoid the influence of the NLOS deviation on the final positioning result.Simulation experiment results show that the proposed SPFC can reduce the positioning error by 15.1%and 12.3% compared with existing fusion positioning systems in the LOS and NLOS environment.展开更多
Fundamental research and practical applications have examined the manipulation of gas bubbles on open surfaces in lowsurface-tension,high-pressure,and high-acidity,-alkalinity,or-salinity environments.However,to the b...Fundamental research and practical applications have examined the manipulation of gas bubbles on open surfaces in lowsurface-tension,high-pressure,and high-acidity,-alkalinity,or-salinity environments.However,to the best of our knowledge,effi cient and general approaches to achieve the smart manipulation of gas bubbles in these harsh environments are limited.Herein,a Fluorinert-infused shape-gradient slippery surface(FSSS)that could eff ectively regulate the behavior of gas bubbles in harsh environments was successfully fabricated.The unique capability of FSSS was mainly attributed to the properties of Fluorinert,which include chemical inertness and incompressibility.The shape-gradient morphology of FSSS could induce asymmetric driving forces to move gas bubbles directionally on open surfaces.Factors infl uencing gas bubble transport on FSSS,such as the apex angle of the slippery surface and the surface tension of the aqueous environment,were carefully investigated,and large apex angles were found to result in large initial transport velocities and short transport distances.Lowering the surface tension of the aqueous environment is unfavorable to bubble transport.Nevertheless,FSSS could transport gas bubbles in aqueous environments with surface tensions as low as 28.5±0.1 mN/m,which is lower than that of many organic solvents(e.g.,formamide,ethylene glycol,and dimethylformamide).In addition,FSSS could also realize the facile manipulation of gas bubbles in various aqueous environments,e.g.,high pressure(~6.8 atm),high acidity(1 mol/L H 2 SO 4),high alkalinity(1 mol/L NaOH),and high salinity(1 mol/L NaCl).The current fi ndings provide a source of knowledge and inspiration for studies on bubble-related interfacial phenomena and contribute to scientifi c and technological developments for controllable bubble manipulation in harsh environments.展开更多
High-curvature multi-noble metallic heterostructures can effectively enhance the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance by utilizing the synergism of tip-enhanced electric field effect and local electric fiel...High-curvature multi-noble metallic heterostructures can effectively enhance the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance by utilizing the synergism of tip-enhanced electric field effect and local electric field effect.Herein,we report a two-step synthesis strategy to obtain multi-branched high-curvature Ag Au Pt heterostructure,firstly amino acids-induced growth of Au branches on Ag nanocubes,and secondly L-AA reduction of H_(2)PtCl_(6) to incorporate tiny Pt nanoparticles on Au branches.The D-CAgAuPt results in a low overpotential of 38 m V to deliver a cathodic current density of 10 m A cm^(-2),which is superior to commercial 20%Pt/C(46 m V).The strong electronic interactions between multi-noble metals intrinsically enhance the durability and stability of the catalysts.The intrinsic mechanism of promoting HER performance is investigated and revealed in-depth via the FDTD simulations and DFT calculations.In addition,D-CAg Au Pt can also achieve efficient and stable hydrogen evolution in a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer,which has the potential for commercial practical application.This work designs a novel multi-branched high-curvature multi-noble metallic heterostructure,and fully provides insights into the generical and efficient enhancement of electrocatalytic HER performance of multi-noble metallic heterostructures.展开更多
[Objectives] To analyze the volatile components,the contents of total flavonoids and total polysaccharides of the roots of Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van. var. argyi cv. Qiai,and to provide a scientific basis for the co...[Objectives] To analyze the volatile components,the contents of total flavonoids and total polysaccharides of the roots of Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van. var. argyi cv. Qiai,and to provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of the resources.[Methods]The volatile components of the roots were extracted by solid phase micro-extraction( SPME),and its volatile components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS); the contents of total flavonoids and total polysaccharides in the samples were measured by UV-spectrophotometry. [Results] 44 peaks were isolated from the roots and 30 components were identified,accounting for 80. 9% of the total volatile components; the content of total flavonoids in the roots was 9. 42%; the content of total polysaccharides in the roots was 11. 05%.[Conclusions] After a comprehensive investigation,the olefins in the roots generally have antibacterial activity,the contents of the total flavonoids and total polysaccharides contained in the roots were relatively high,the roots of Artemisia argyi do have broad prospects for the development.展开更多
Background:Clinical opportunistic screening is a cost-effective cancer screening modality.This study aimed to establish an easyto-use diagnostic model serving as a risk stratification tool for identification of indivi...Background:Clinical opportunistic screening is a cost-effective cancer screening modality.This study aimed to establish an easyto-use diagnostic model serving as a risk stratification tool for identification of individuals with malignant gastric lesions for opportunistic screening.Methods:We developed a questionnaire-based diagnostic model using a joint dataset including two clinical cohorts from northern and southern China.The cohorts consisted of 17,360 outpatients who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination in endoscopic clinics.The final model was derived based on unconditional logistic regression,and predictors were selected according to the Akaike information criterion.External validation was carried out with 32,614 participants from a community-based randomized controlled trial.Results:This questionnaire-based diagnostic model for malignant gastric lesions had eight predictors,including advanced age,male gender,family history of gastric cancer,low body mass index,unexplained weight loss,consumption of leftover food,consumption of preserved food,and epigastric pain.This model showed high discriminative power in the development set with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.791(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.750-0.831).External validation of the model in the general population generated an AUC of 0.696(95%CI:0.570-0.822).This model showed an ideal ability for enriching prevalent malignant gastric lesions when applied to various scenarios.Conclusion:This easy-to-use questionnaire-based model for diagnosis of prevalent malignant gastric lesions may serve as an effective prescreening tool in clinical opportunistic screening for gastric cancer.展开更多
An objective evaluation scheme for automotive technical and comprehensive performance could provide critical and instructive insights for academic research,engineering practice,and commercial marketing of vehicles.In ...An objective evaluation scheme for automotive technical and comprehensive performance could provide critical and instructive insights for academic research,engineering practice,and commercial marketing of vehicles.In this paper,the technical performance index A=S∕T_(1)⋅T_(2)(m∕(s^(2)⋅L))and comprehensive performance index F=M⋅S∕T_(1)⋅T_(2),(kN⋅L^(−1),where M is the vehicle mass)are formulated by incorporating the vehicle 0–100 km⋅h^(−1) acceleration duration T_(1),100–0 km⋅h^(−1) braking duration T_(2),and fuel economy S(mileage per liter fuel at constant speed)to assess the vehicle’s longitudinal dynamic performance.A and F offer a clear physical implication of a vehicle’s acceleration capability and traction efficiency acquired per unit of fuel consumption,respectively.These indexes are used for wide case studies of popular market sedans and SUVs of joint ventures(JVs)and domestic brands in China over the last 17 years.The findings prove that this approach could be effectively and reliably utilized for the objective evaluation and analysis of the technical and comprehensive performance of automotive models.展开更多
Introduction:This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Medical-Insurance-System-based Cancer Surveillance System(MIS-CASS)in estimating cancer incidence by comparing the results with the Beijing Cancer Regis...Introduction:This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Medical-Insurance-System-based Cancer Surveillance System(MIS-CASS)in estimating cancer incidence by comparing the results with the Beijing Cancer Registry(BCR),which is one of the highest-quality population-based cancer registries in China.Methods:Using lymphoma as an example,we extracted relevant claims data from the administrative systems of medical insurance in Beijing(2012–2020)and estimated the most current lymphoma incidence in Beijing(2019)using a standard data processing procedure.The absolute number of new cases,crude incidence rate,and age-standardized incidence rate of lymphoma were compared with the latest data reported by the BCR(2017).Results:Both lymphoma incidence rates and age distribution of new cases estimated based on MISCASS were similar to the BCR data(crude incidence rate:9.8/100,000 vs.10.6/100,000).However,because MIS-CASS included more designated hospitals and covered a larger local stationary population irrespective of household registration(hukou),the absolute number of incident lymphoma cases identified by MIS-CASS was 39.1%higher than that reported by the BCR(2,002 vs.1,439).Conclusions:The MIS-CASS approach reflected the actual cancer burden in a more complete and timely manner as compared with the current BCR,providing new insights for improving cancer surveillance strategies in China.展开更多
Postzygotic mutations are acquired in normal tissues throughout an individual’s lifetime and hold clues for identifying mutagenic factors.Here,we investigated postzygotic mutation spectra of healthy individuals using...Postzygotic mutations are acquired in normal tissues throughout an individual’s lifetime and hold clues for identifying mutagenic factors.Here,we investigated postzygotic mutation spectra of healthy individuals using optimized ultra-deep exome sequencing of the time-series samples from the same volunteer as well as the samples from different individuals.In blood,sperm,and muscle cells,we resolved three common types of mutational signatures.Signatures A and B represent clocklike mutational processes,and the polymorphisms of epigenetic regulation genes influence the proportion of signature B in mutation profiles.Notably,signature C,characterized by C>T transitions at GpCpN sites,tends to be a feature of diverse normal tissues.Mutations of this type are likely to occur early during embryonic development,supported by their relatively high allelic frequencies,presence in multiple tissues,and decrease in occurrence with age.Almost none of the public datasets for tumors feature this signature,except for 19.6%of samples of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with increased activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1)signaling pathway.Moreover,the accumulation of signature C in the mutation profile was accelerated in a human embryonic stem cell line with drug-induced activation of HIF-1α.Thus,embryonic hypoxia may explain this novel signature across multiple normal tissues.Our study suggests that hypoxic condition in an early stage of embryonic development is a crucial factor inducing C>T transitions at GpCpN sites;and individuals’genetic background may also influence their postzygotic mutation profiles.展开更多
Extensive efforts have been put into reducing the heavy burden of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in China.However,the joint impact of prevention and treatment on the long-term overall survival(OS)of ESCC pati...Extensive efforts have been put into reducing the heavy burden of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in China.However,the joint impact of prevention and treatment on the long-term overall survival(OS)of ESCC patients remains largely unknown.We consecutively recruited 13,255 ESCC patients from two Chinese centers:the Northern center,located in a high-risk area with abundant screening programs;and the Southern center,situated in a non-high-risk area with improved clinical practices.Inter-center comparison,longitudinal intra-center comparison,and a simulation analysis were conducted to investi-gate the influence of tumor downstaging and high-quality clinical treatment on OS.During a follow-up period of 12.52 years,the Northern center exhibited higher median survival than the Southern center(6.22 vs.3.15 years;H_(Radjusted)=0.73,95%CI:0.69-0.77).Mediation analysis demonstrated that its OS advantage was largely(77.7%)attributed to earlier TNM stage(stage 0-II:51.3%vs.24.6%).In temporal analyses,patient survival in the Southern center gradually improved(median survival during 2015-2018 vs.2009-2014:3.58 vs.2.93 years;H_(Radjusted)=0.86,95%CI:0.79-0.94),coinciding with the progress of treatment-related indices(completeness of TNM staging in discharge diagnosis[from 53.7%to 99.6%],adoption of minimally invasive esophagectomy[from 0.0%to 51.1%]and right thoracic esophagectomy[from 12.4%to 86.4%],etc.).Simulation analysis further demonstrated that integrating both downstaging and high-quality treatment would lead to the best survival.Tumor downstaging and high-quality clinical treatment have a joint impact on ESCC patient survival.Establishing a comprehensive strategy that inte-grates cancer prevention with optimal clinical treatment is crucial for alleviating the ESCC burden.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC2908200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174249)Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20203BBGL73231).
文摘With the rise of artificial intelligence(AI)in mineral processing,predicting the flotation indexes has attracted significant research attention.Nevertheless,current prediction models suffer from low accuracy and high prediction errors.Therefore,this paper utilizes a two-step procedure.First,the outliers are pro-cessed using the box chart method and filtering algorithm.Then,the decision tree(DT),support vector regression(SVR),random forest(RF),and the bagging,boosting,and stacking integration algorithms are employed to construct a flotation recovery prediction model.Extensive experiments compared the prediction accuracy of six modeling methods on flotation recovery and delved into the impact of diverse base model combinations on the stacking model’s prediction accuracy.In addition,field data have veri-fied the model’s effectiveness.This study demonstrates that the stacking ensemble approaches,which uses ten variables to predict flotation recovery,yields a more favorable prediction effect than the bagging ensemble approach and single models,achieving MAE,RMSE,R2,and MRE scores of 0.929,1.370,0.843,and 1.229%,respectively.The hit rates,within an error range of±2%and±4%,are 82.4%and 94.6%.Consequently,the prediction effect is relatively precise and offers significant value in the context of actual production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30930102, 81473033)the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2016YFC0901404)+2 种基金the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority (No. XXZ0204)the Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No. 2017-4)the Open Project funded by the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing (No. 2017-10)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of identifying cancer patients by use of medical claims data in a health insurance system in China, and provide the basis for establishing the claims-based cancer surveillance system in China.Methods: We chose Hua County, Henan Province as the study site, and randomly selected 300 and 1,200 qualified inpatient electronic medical records(EMRs) as well as the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme(NCMS) claims records for cancer patients in Hua County People’s Hospital(HCPH) and Anyang Cancer Hospital(ACH) in 2017. Diagnostic information for NCMS claims was evaluated on an individual level, and sensitivity and positive predictive value(PPV) were calculated taking the EMRs as the gold standard.Results: The sensitivity of NCMS was 95.2%(93.8%-96.3%) and 92.0%(88.3%-94.8%) in ACH and HCPH,respectively. The PPV of the NCMS was 97.8%(96.7%-98.5%) in ACH and 89.0%(84.9%-92.3%) in HCPH.Overall, the weighted and combined sensitivity and PPV of NCMS in Hua County was 93.1% and 92.1%,respectively. Significantly higher sensitivity and PPV in identifying patients with common cancers than noncommon cancers were detected in HCPH and ACH separately(P<0.01).Conclusions: Identification of cancer patients by use of the NCMS is accurate on individual level, and it is therefore feasible to conduct claims-based cancer surveillance in areas not covered by cancer registries in China.
基金supported by the National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2019FY101102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073626,81773501)+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0901404)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project(No.J200016)the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority(No.XXZ0204)the Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme(No.QML20201101)Sanming Project of Shenzhen(No.SZSM201612061)the Beijing Nova Program(No.Z201100006820093)。
文摘Objective:This study aimed to develop and validate a risk scoring system to identify high-risk individuals carrying malignant lesions in stomach for tailored gastric cancer screening.Methods:A gastric cancer risk scoring system(GC-RSS)was developed based on questionnaire-based predictors for gastric cancer derived from systematic literature review.To assess the capability of this system for discrimination,risk scores for 8,214 and 7,235 outpatient subjects accepting endoscopic examination in two endoscopy centers,and 32,630 participants in a community-based cohort in China were calculated to plot receiver operating characteristic curves and generate area under the curve(AUC).To evaluate the performance of GC-RSS,the screening proportion,sensitivity and detection rate ratio compared to universal screening were used under different risk score cutoff values.Results:GC-RSS comprised nine predictors including advanced age,male gender,low body mass index(<18.5 kg/m^(2)),family history of gastric cancer,cigarette smoking,consumption of alcohol,preference for salty food,irregularity of meals and consumption of preserved food.This tool performed well in determining the risk of malignant gastric lesions with AUCs of 0.763,0.706 and 0.696 in three validation sets.When subjects with risk scores≥5 were evaluated with endoscopy,nearly 50%of these endoscopies could be saved with a detection rate of over 1.5 times achieved.When the cutoff was set at 8,only about 10%of subjects with the highest risk would be offered endoscopy,and detection rates for gastric cancer could be increased 2-4 fold compared to universal screening.Conclusions:An effective questionnaire-based GC-RSS was developed and validated.This tool may play an important role in establishing a tailored screening strategy for gastric cancer in China.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30930102,82073626,81502855,81773501)the National Key R&D program of China(No.2016YFC0901404)+4 种基金the National Special Programme of Scientific and Technological Resources Investigation(No.2019FY101102)the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority(No.XXZ0204)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7182033)the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospital’s Youth Programme(No.QML20171101)the Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital(No.2020-7)。
文摘Objective:We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of oral microbiome with malignant esophageal lesions and its predictive potential as a biomarker of risk.Methods:We conducted a case-control study nested within a population-based cohort with up to 8 visits of oral swab collection for each subject over an 11-year period in a high-risk area for esophageal cancer in China.The oral microbiome was evaluated with 16 S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequencing in 428 pre-diagnostic oral specimens from 84 cases with esophageal lesions of severe squamous dysplasia and above(SDA)and 168 matched healthy controls.DESeq analysis was performed to identify taxa of differential abundance.Differential oral species together with subject characteristics were evaluated for their potential in predicting SDA risk by constructing conditional logistic regression models.Results:A total of 125 taxa including 37 named species showed significantly different abundance between SDA cases and controls(all P<0.05&false discovery rate-adjusted Q<0.10).A multivariate logistic model including 11 SDA lesion-related species and family history of esophageal cancer provided an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.89(95%CI,0.84-0.93).Cross-validation and sensitivity analysis,excluding cases diagnosed within 1 year of collection of the baseline specimen and their matched controls,or restriction to screenendoscopic-detected or clinically diagnosed case-control triads,or using only bacterial data measured at the baseline,yielded AUCs>0.84.Conclusions:The oral microbiome may play an etiological and predictive role in esophageal cancer,and it holds promise as a non-invasive early warning biomarker for risk stratification for esophageal cancer screening programs.
基金supported by the Charity Project of National Ministry of Health (No. 201202014)the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81473033)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2016YFC0901404)the Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No. 2017-4)the Open Project funded by Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing (No. 2017-10)
文摘Objective： There have been few population-based studies evaluating health related quality of life（HRQOL） in rural populations in China, and this study aimed to assess the current status of and risk factors for HRQOL in a general rural population in high risk region of esophageal cancer in China.Methods： From November 2015 to September 2016, 12,085 permanent residents aged 45–69 years from 257 villages in the Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Cancer in China（ESECC） trial（Clinical Trials.gov：NCT01688908） randomly selected from Hua County, Henan Province, China were interviewed. The EQ-5 D-3 L,a generic measure of HRQOL, and a questionnaire were used to assess their HRQOL and potential risk factors.Results： Among all the participants, 30.62% of the participants reported problems in at least one EQ-5 D dimension. Pain/discomfort（25.52%） was the most frequently reported problem followed by anxiety/depression（7.97%）, mobility（5.82%）, usual activities（2.61%） and self-care（1%）. These rural residents had a mean EQ-5 D index score of 0.948, and lower EQ-5 D index scores were associated with older age, female gender, lower levels of household annual per capita income, living alone, using shallow wells as main source of drinking water, exposure to family members smoking, testiness, unhealthy dietary habits, overweight or obesity, upper gastrointestinal cancer related symptoms and chronic diseases.Conclusions： Rural residents in China have a relatively low quality of life. Health promotion programs in this population should focus on the elderly, especially elderly women and the elderly living alone. Improving basic living circumstances and primary medical care services should be priorities. Results of this study will also serve as the basis for the cost-utility evaluation in our ESECC screening trial.
基金funded by the project“Design of System Integration Construction Scheme Based on Functions of Each Module” (No.XDHT2020169A)the project“Development of Indoor Inspection Robot System for Substation” (No.XDHT2019501A).
文摘In recent years,a number of wireless indoor positioning(WIP),such as Bluetooth,Wi-Fi,and Ultra-Wideband(UWB)technologies,are emerging.However,the indoor environment is complex and changeable.Walls,pillars,and even pedestrians may block wireless signals and produce non-line-of-sight(NLOS)deviations,resulting in decreased positioning accuracy and the inability to provide people with real-time continuous indoor positioning.This work proposed a strong tracking particle filter based on the chi-square test(SPFC)for indoor positioning.SPFC can fuse indoor wireless signals and the information of the inertial sensing unit(IMU)in the smartphone and detect the NLOS deviation through the chi-square test to avoid the influence of the NLOS deviation on the final positioning result.Simulation experiment results show that the proposed SPFC can reduce the positioning error by 15.1%and 12.3% compared with existing fusion positioning systems in the LOS and NLOS environment.
基金supported by the Beihang University’s Young Talents(No.KG16045301)the National Natural Science Foundation(No.21805204)+1 种基金Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.19JCQNJC05100)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Tianjin(No.TJSQNTJ-2018-17).
文摘Fundamental research and practical applications have examined the manipulation of gas bubbles on open surfaces in lowsurface-tension,high-pressure,and high-acidity,-alkalinity,or-salinity environments.However,to the best of our knowledge,effi cient and general approaches to achieve the smart manipulation of gas bubbles in these harsh environments are limited.Herein,a Fluorinert-infused shape-gradient slippery surface(FSSS)that could eff ectively regulate the behavior of gas bubbles in harsh environments was successfully fabricated.The unique capability of FSSS was mainly attributed to the properties of Fluorinert,which include chemical inertness and incompressibility.The shape-gradient morphology of FSSS could induce asymmetric driving forces to move gas bubbles directionally on open surfaces.Factors infl uencing gas bubble transport on FSSS,such as the apex angle of the slippery surface and the surface tension of the aqueous environment,were carefully investigated,and large apex angles were found to result in large initial transport velocities and short transport distances.Lowering the surface tension of the aqueous environment is unfavorable to bubble transport.Nevertheless,FSSS could transport gas bubbles in aqueous environments with surface tensions as low as 28.5±0.1 mN/m,which is lower than that of many organic solvents(e.g.,formamide,ethylene glycol,and dimethylformamide).In addition,FSSS could also realize the facile manipulation of gas bubbles in various aqueous environments,e.g.,high pressure(~6.8 atm),high acidity(1 mol/L H 2 SO 4),high alkalinity(1 mol/L NaOH),and high salinity(1 mol/L NaCl).The current fi ndings provide a source of knowledge and inspiration for studies on bubble-related interfacial phenomena and contribute to scientifi c and technological developments for controllable bubble manipulation in harsh environments.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22072181)。
文摘High-curvature multi-noble metallic heterostructures can effectively enhance the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance by utilizing the synergism of tip-enhanced electric field effect and local electric field effect.Herein,we report a two-step synthesis strategy to obtain multi-branched high-curvature Ag Au Pt heterostructure,firstly amino acids-induced growth of Au branches on Ag nanocubes,and secondly L-AA reduction of H_(2)PtCl_(6) to incorporate tiny Pt nanoparticles on Au branches.The D-CAgAuPt results in a low overpotential of 38 m V to deliver a cathodic current density of 10 m A cm^(-2),which is superior to commercial 20%Pt/C(46 m V).The strong electronic interactions between multi-noble metals intrinsically enhance the durability and stability of the catalysts.The intrinsic mechanism of promoting HER performance is investigated and revealed in-depth via the FDTD simulations and DFT calculations.In addition,D-CAg Au Pt can also achieve efficient and stable hydrogen evolution in a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer,which has the potential for commercial practical application.This work designs a novel multi-branched high-curvature multi-noble metallic heterostructure,and fully provides insights into the generical and efficient enhancement of electrocatalytic HER performance of multi-noble metallic heterostructures.
文摘[Objectives] To analyze the volatile components,the contents of total flavonoids and total polysaccharides of the roots of Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van. var. argyi cv. Qiai,and to provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of the resources.[Methods]The volatile components of the roots were extracted by solid phase micro-extraction( SPME),and its volatile components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS); the contents of total flavonoids and total polysaccharides in the samples were measured by UV-spectrophotometry. [Results] 44 peaks were isolated from the roots and 30 components were identified,accounting for 80. 9% of the total volatile components; the content of total flavonoids in the roots was 9. 42%; the content of total polysaccharides in the roots was 11. 05%.[Conclusions] After a comprehensive investigation,the olefins in the roots generally have antibacterial activity,the contents of the total flavonoids and total polysaccharides contained in the roots were relatively high,the roots of Artemisia argyi do have broad prospects for the development.
基金supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2019FY101102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073626)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2500405)the Sanming Project of Shenzhen(No.SZSM201612061).
文摘Background:Clinical opportunistic screening is a cost-effective cancer screening modality.This study aimed to establish an easyto-use diagnostic model serving as a risk stratification tool for identification of individuals with malignant gastric lesions for opportunistic screening.Methods:We developed a questionnaire-based diagnostic model using a joint dataset including two clinical cohorts from northern and southern China.The cohorts consisted of 17,360 outpatients who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination in endoscopic clinics.The final model was derived based on unconditional logistic regression,and predictors were selected according to the Akaike information criterion.External validation was carried out with 32,614 participants from a community-based randomized controlled trial.Results:This questionnaire-based diagnostic model for malignant gastric lesions had eight predictors,including advanced age,male gender,family history of gastric cancer,low body mass index,unexplained weight loss,consumption of leftover food,consumption of preserved food,and epigastric pain.This model showed high discriminative power in the development set with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.791(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.750-0.831).External validation of the model in the general population generated an AUC of 0.696(95%CI:0.570-0.822).This model showed an ideal ability for enriching prevalent malignant gastric lesions when applied to various scenarios.Conclusion:This easy-to-use questionnaire-based model for diagnosis of prevalent malignant gastric lesions may serve as an effective prescreening tool in clinical opportunistic screening for gastric cancer.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Name:Transmission mechanics and performance optimization of confined granular media self-adaptive differentialNo.51475475)工+1 种基金the Changsha Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Name:Structure principle and performance prediction of the intelligent tireNo.kq2014130)have provided funding for this research.
文摘An objective evaluation scheme for automotive technical and comprehensive performance could provide critical and instructive insights for academic research,engineering practice,and commercial marketing of vehicles.In this paper,the technical performance index A=S∕T_(1)⋅T_(2)(m∕(s^(2)⋅L))and comprehensive performance index F=M⋅S∕T_(1)⋅T_(2),(kN⋅L^(−1),where M is the vehicle mass)are formulated by incorporating the vehicle 0–100 km⋅h^(−1) acceleration duration T_(1),100–0 km⋅h^(−1) braking duration T_(2),and fuel economy S(mileage per liter fuel at constant speed)to assess the vehicle’s longitudinal dynamic performance.A and F offer a clear physical implication of a vehicle’s acceleration capability and traction efficiency acquired per unit of fuel consumption,respectively.These indexes are used for wide case studies of popular market sedans and SUVs of joint ventures(JVs)and domestic brands in China over the last 17 years.The findings prove that this approach could be effectively and reliably utilized for the objective evaluation and analysis of the technical and comprehensive performance of automotive models.
基金Supported by the National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2019FY101102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82073626)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0901404)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project(J200016)the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority(XXZ0204)the Taikang Yicai Public Health and Epidemic Control Fund(TKYC-GW-2020).
文摘Introduction:This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Medical-Insurance-System-based Cancer Surveillance System(MIS-CASS)in estimating cancer incidence by comparing the results with the Beijing Cancer Registry(BCR),which is one of the highest-quality population-based cancer registries in China.Methods:Using lymphoma as an example,we extracted relevant claims data from the administrative systems of medical insurance in Beijing(2012–2020)and estimated the most current lymphoma incidence in Beijing(2019)using a standard data processing procedure.The absolute number of new cases,crude incidence rate,and age-standardized incidence rate of lymphoma were compared with the latest data reported by the BCR(2017).Results:Both lymphoma incidence rates and age distribution of new cases estimated based on MISCASS were similar to the BCR data(crude incidence rate:9.8/100,000 vs.10.6/100,000).However,because MIS-CASS included more designated hospitals and covered a larger local stationary population irrespective of household registration(hukou),the absolute number of incident lymphoma cases identified by MIS-CASS was 39.1%higher than that reported by the BCR(2,002 vs.1,439).Conclusions:The MIS-CASS approach reflected the actual cancer burden in a more complete and timely manner as compared with the current BCR,providing new insights for improving cancer surveillance strategies in China.
基金supported by the grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB13020500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.91131905,31471199,and 91631304)+3 种基金the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KJZD-EW-L14 to CZ)the NSFC(Grant Nos.31440057 and 31701081 to WC)the 111 Project(Grant No.B13003 to WC and DZ)the Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.2016098 to DZ and 2019103 to AC)。
文摘Postzygotic mutations are acquired in normal tissues throughout an individual’s lifetime and hold clues for identifying mutagenic factors.Here,we investigated postzygotic mutation spectra of healthy individuals using optimized ultra-deep exome sequencing of the time-series samples from the same volunteer as well as the samples from different individuals.In blood,sperm,and muscle cells,we resolved three common types of mutational signatures.Signatures A and B represent clocklike mutational processes,and the polymorphisms of epigenetic regulation genes influence the proportion of signature B in mutation profiles.Notably,signature C,characterized by C>T transitions at GpCpN sites,tends to be a feature of diverse normal tissues.Mutations of this type are likely to occur early during embryonic development,supported by their relatively high allelic frequencies,presence in multiple tissues,and decrease in occurrence with age.Almost none of the public datasets for tumors feature this signature,except for 19.6%of samples of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with increased activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1)signaling pathway.Moreover,the accumulation of signature C in the mutation profile was accelerated in a human embryonic stem cell line with drug-induced activation of HIF-1α.Thus,embryonic hypoxia may explain this novel signature across multiple normal tissues.Our study suggests that hypoxic condition in an early stage of embryonic development is a crucial factor inducing C>T transitions at GpCpN sites;and individuals’genetic background may also influence their postzygotic mutation profiles.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2500405)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(7182033).
文摘Extensive efforts have been put into reducing the heavy burden of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in China.However,the joint impact of prevention and treatment on the long-term overall survival(OS)of ESCC patients remains largely unknown.We consecutively recruited 13,255 ESCC patients from two Chinese centers:the Northern center,located in a high-risk area with abundant screening programs;and the Southern center,situated in a non-high-risk area with improved clinical practices.Inter-center comparison,longitudinal intra-center comparison,and a simulation analysis were conducted to investi-gate the influence of tumor downstaging and high-quality clinical treatment on OS.During a follow-up period of 12.52 years,the Northern center exhibited higher median survival than the Southern center(6.22 vs.3.15 years;H_(Radjusted)=0.73,95%CI:0.69-0.77).Mediation analysis demonstrated that its OS advantage was largely(77.7%)attributed to earlier TNM stage(stage 0-II:51.3%vs.24.6%).In temporal analyses,patient survival in the Southern center gradually improved(median survival during 2015-2018 vs.2009-2014:3.58 vs.2.93 years;H_(Radjusted)=0.86,95%CI:0.79-0.94),coinciding with the progress of treatment-related indices(completeness of TNM staging in discharge diagnosis[from 53.7%to 99.6%],adoption of minimally invasive esophagectomy[from 0.0%to 51.1%]and right thoracic esophagectomy[from 12.4%to 86.4%],etc.).Simulation analysis further demonstrated that integrating both downstaging and high-quality treatment would lead to the best survival.Tumor downstaging and high-quality clinical treatment have a joint impact on ESCC patient survival.Establishing a comprehensive strategy that inte-grates cancer prevention with optimal clinical treatment is crucial for alleviating the ESCC burden.
