Transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)is a multifunctional cytokine that performs a dual role as a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter during cancer progression.Among different ligands of the TGF-βfamily,TGF-β1 mod...Transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)is a multifunctional cytokine that performs a dual role as a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter during cancer progression.Among different ligands of the TGF-βfamily,TGF-β1 modulates most of its biological outcomes.Despite the abundant expression of TGF-β1 in the liver,steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression triggers elevated TGF-β1 levels,contributing to poor prognosis and survival.Additionally,elevated TGF-β1 levels in the tumor microenvironment create an immunosuppressive stage via various mechanisms.TGF-β1 has a prime role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC.Moreover,TGF-β1 is widely studied as a therapeutic target either as monotherapy or combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.This review provides clinical relevance and up-to-date information regarding the potential of TGF-β1 in diagnosis,prognosis,and therapy against HCC.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and one of the major causes of cancer-related death.The development of specific noninvasive or diagnostic markers from blood,urine and feces may ...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and one of the major causes of cancer-related death.The development of specific noninvasive or diagnostic markers from blood,urine and feces may represent a valuable tool for detecting HCC at an early stage.Biomarkers are considered novel potential targets for therapeutic intervention.It helps in the prediction of prognosis or recurrence of HCC,and also assist in the selection of appropriate treatment modality.We summarize the most relevant existing data about various biomarkers that play a key role in the progression of HCC.展开更多
基金Supported by the Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham SEED grant (K-PHAR-22-662)
文摘Transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)is a multifunctional cytokine that performs a dual role as a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter during cancer progression.Among different ligands of the TGF-βfamily,TGF-β1 modulates most of its biological outcomes.Despite the abundant expression of TGF-β1 in the liver,steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression triggers elevated TGF-β1 levels,contributing to poor prognosis and survival.Additionally,elevated TGF-β1 levels in the tumor microenvironment create an immunosuppressive stage via various mechanisms.TGF-β1 has a prime role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC.Moreover,TGF-β1 is widely studied as a therapeutic target either as monotherapy or combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.This review provides clinical relevance and up-to-date information regarding the potential of TGF-β1 in diagnosis,prognosis,and therapy against HCC.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and one of the major causes of cancer-related death.The development of specific noninvasive or diagnostic markers from blood,urine and feces may represent a valuable tool for detecting HCC at an early stage.Biomarkers are considered novel potential targets for therapeutic intervention.It helps in the prediction of prognosis or recurrence of HCC,and also assist in the selection of appropriate treatment modality.We summarize the most relevant existing data about various biomarkers that play a key role in the progression of HCC.
