Vanadium pentoxide （V205） exhibits high theoretical capacities when used as a cathode in lithium ion batteries （LIBs）, but its application is limited by its structural instability as well as its low lithium and el...Vanadium pentoxide （V205） exhibits high theoretical capacities when used as a cathode in lithium ion batteries （LIBs）, but its application is limited by its structural instability as well as its low lithium and electronic conductivities. A porous composite of V2Os-SnO2/carbon nanotubes （CNTs） was prepared by a hydrothermal method and followed by thermal treatment. The small particles of V205, their porous structure and the coexistence of SnO2 and CNTs can all facilitate the diffusion rates of the electrons and lithium ions. Electrochemical impedance spectra indicated higher ionic and electric conductivities, as compared to commercial V205. The VzOs-SnOz/CNTs composite gave a reversible discharge capacity of 198 mAh.g- 1 at the voltage range of 2.05-4.0 V, measured at a current rate of 200 mA.g-1, while that of the commercial V205 was only 88 mAh.g-1, demonstrating that the porous V2Os-SnOz/CNTs composite is a promising candidate for high-performance lithium secondary batteries.展开更多
Cynops orientalis(C.orientalis)has a pronounced ability to regenerate its spinal cord after injury.Thus,exploring the molecular mechanism of this process could provide new approaches for promoting mammalian spinal cor...Cynops orientalis(C.orientalis)has a pronounced ability to regenerate its spinal cord after injury.Thus,exploring the molecular mechanism of this process could provide new approaches for promoting mammalian spinal cord regeneration.In this study,we established a model of spinal cord thoracic transection injury in C.orientalis,which is an endemic species in China.We performed RNA sequencing of the contused axolotl spinal cord at two early time points after spinal cord injury–during the very acute stage(4 days)and the subacute stage(7 days)–and identified differentially expressed genes;additionally,we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses,at each time point.Transcriptome sequencing showed that 13,059 genes were differentially expressed during C.orientalis spinal cord regeneration compared with uninjured animals,among which 4273 were continuously downregulated and 1564 were continuously up-regulated.Down-regulated genes were most enriched in the Gene Ontology term“multicellular organismal process”and in the ribosome pathway at 10 days following spinal cord injury.We found that multiple genes associated with energy metabolism were down-regulated and multiple genes associated with the lysosome were up-regulated after spinal cord injury,indicating the importance of low metabolic activity during wound healing.Immune response-associated pathways were activated during the early acute phase(4 days),while the expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as glycosaminoglycan and collagen,as well as tight junction proteins,was lower at 10 days post-spinal cord injury than 4 days post-spinal cord injury.However,compared with 4 days post-injury,at 10 days post-injury neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions were no longer down-regulated,up-regulated differentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways associated with cancer and the cell cycle,and SHH,VIM,and Sox2 were prominently up-regulated.Immunofluorescence staining showed that glial fibrillary acidic protein was up-regulated in axolotl ependymoglial cells after injury,similar to what is observed in mammalian astrocytes after spinal cord injury,even though axolotls do not form a glial scar during regeneration.We suggest that low intracellular energy production could slow the rapid amplification of ependymoglial cells,thereby inhibiting reactive gliosis,at early stages after spinal cord injury.Extracellular matrix degradation slows cellular responses,represses the expression of neurogenic genes,and reactivates a transcriptional program similar to that of embryonic neuroepithelial cells.These ependymoglial cells act as neural stem cells:they migrate and proliferate to repair the lesion and then differentiate to replace lost glial cells and neurons.This provides the regenerative microenvironment that allows axon growth after injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy(ENB)is an emerging diagnostic tool that enables practitioners to biopsy peripheral lung tissues that were previously only accessible under computed tomography(CT)gu...BACKGROUND Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy(ENB)is an emerging diagnostic tool that enables practitioners to biopsy peripheral lung tissues that were previously only accessible under computed tomography(CT)guidance.However,few studies have investigated ENB use in children.Here,we report a case of a 10-yearold girl with peripheral lung lesions who complained of a 7-d persistent fever.She was diagnosed with Streptococcus parasanguinis infection based on findings obtained using ENB-guided transbronchial lung biopsy(TBLB).CASE SUMMARY A 10-year-old girl presented with constitutional symptoms of cough and fever of 7 days’duration.Chest CT scans detected peripheral lung lesions and no endobronchial lesions.TBLB performed under the guidance of an ENB Lungpro navigation system was safe,well-tolerated,and effective for biopsying peripheral lung lesions.Examination of biopsied samples indicated the patient had a pulmonary Streptococcus parasanguinis infection,which was treated with antibiotics instead of more invasive treatment interventions.The patient’s symptoms resolved after she received a 3-wk course of oral linezolid.Comparisons of pretreatment and post-treatment CT scans revealed absorption of some lung lesions within 7 mo of hospital discharge.CONCLUSION ENB-guided TBLB biopsying of peripheral lung lesions in this child is a safe,well-tolerated,and effective alternative to conventional interventions.展开更多
This survey study aims to investigate the perceptions learners have of the character-learning strategies they employ when taking a web-based course in Chinese.The seven Likert-scale statements are included in the ques...This survey study aims to investigate the perceptions learners have of the character-learning strategies they employ when taking a web-based course in Chinese.The seven Likert-scale statements are included in the questionnaire to examine learners’opinions on the three character-learning strategies that are widely used in traditional campus courses.A total of 65 students who completed the beginner level‘Chinese Characters’web-based course at a university in Sweden completed the survey.The results suggest that students in web-based courses consider these three strategies to be just as helpful and effective as campus students;moreover,the more orthodox strategy-rote learning-is found to be the most popular among distance students.Furthermore,findings of this study provide insight into the limitations and advantages associated with a web-based course,and also the possible effect learners’age and gender may have on learning strategy preferences.展开更多
Double carbon coated Fe P composite(Fe P@NC@r GO)was in situ fabricated via the phosphorization process of the as-prepared Prussian blue@graphene oxide(PB@GO)precursor.The Fe P nanocrystals were successfully embedded ...Double carbon coated Fe P composite(Fe P@NC@r GO)was in situ fabricated via the phosphorization process of the as-prepared Prussian blue@graphene oxide(PB@GO)precursor.The Fe P nanocrystals were successfully embedded in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon matrix.When used as the anode for lithium ion batteries(LIBs),the Fe P@NC@r GO anode shows superior lithium storage properties,delivering a high specific capacity of 830 m A h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 100 m A g^(-1)and excellent rate capability of 359 m A h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1).The outstanding performance mainly ascribes to the synergistic effect of the double carbon coating and porous structure design.The introduction of porous carbon and graphene coating on Fe P nanoparticles greatly enhance the electronic conductivity of the active material and well accommodates the large volume variation of Fe P during the cycling process.展开更多
Purpose:Coronary no-reflow phenomenon(NRP),a common adverse complication in patients with ST-segment eleva-tion myocardial infarction(STEMI)treated by percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),is associated with poor pa...Purpose:Coronary no-reflow phenomenon(NRP),a common adverse complication in patients with ST-segment eleva-tion myocardial infarction(STEMI)treated by percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),is associated with poor patient prognosis.In this study,the correlation between the systemic immune-inflammation index(SII)and NRP in older patients with STEMI was studied,to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk patients and improve their prognosis.Materials and methods:Between January 2017 and June 2020,578 older patients with acute STEMI admitted to the Department of Cardiology of Hebei General Hospital for direct PCI treatment were selected for this retrospective study.Patients were divided into an NRP group and normal-flow group according to whether NRP occurred during the operation.Clinical data and the examination indexes of the two groups were collected.Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent predictors of NRP,and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to further analyze the ability of SII to predict NRP in older patients with STEMI.Results:Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that hypertension(OR=2.048,95%CI:1.252–3.352,P=0.004),lymphocyte count(OR=0.571,95%CI:0.368–0.885,P=0.012),platelet count(OR=1.009,95%CI:1.005–1.013,P<0.001),hemoglobin(OR=1.015,95%CI:1.003–1.028,P=0.018),multivessel disease(OR=2.237,95%CI:1.407–3.558,P=0.001),and SII≥1814(OR=3.799,95%CI:2.190–6.593,P<0.001)were independent predictors of NRP after primary PCI in older patients with STEMI.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that SII had a high predictive value for NRP(AUC=0.738;95%CI:0.686–0.790),with the best cut-off value of 1814,a sensitivity of 52.85%and a specificity of 85.71%.Conclusion:For older patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI,SII is a valid predictor of NRP.展开更多
Sb is considered a promising anode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries （NIBs） owing to its high theoretical specific capacity （660 mAh-g-1）. However, Sb shows a very large volume change （-200%） du...Sb is considered a promising anode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries （NIBs） owing to its high theoretical specific capacity （660 mAh-g-1）. However, Sb shows a very large volume change （-200%） during sodiation and desodiation, leading to poor electrochemical performance. Here, we designed and tested a sandwich-like graphene-supported Sb nanocomposite （denoted Sb@RGO@Sb）, in which ultrafine Sb nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on a reduced graphene oxide （RGO） surface. The ultrafine Sb nanocrystals anchored on the RGO surface minimize the aggregation of Sb and inhibit restacking of the RGO sheets, leading to a minimum transport length for both ions and electrons. The graphene layer not only accommodates the large volume variation of Sb during cycling but also promotes the electron conductivity of the whole electrode. Owing to its unique structure, this sandwich-like composite exhibits superior sodium storage properties.展开更多
Objective:To find the hotspots of acupuncture research in the last decade and predict future trends.Methods:The Web of Science Core Collection was used to retrieve articles published on the topic of acupuncture from J...Objective:To find the hotspots of acupuncture research in the last decade and predict future trends.Methods:The Web of Science Core Collection was used to retrieve articles published on the topic of acupuncture from January 1,2012,to August 31,2022.CiteSpace 6.1.R3,vSviewer 1.6.18,SCImago Graphics and other tools were used to visualize and analyze the number of publications,countries,authors,journals,institutions,keywords,and cited articles.Result:A total of 10,942 articles published from January 2012 to August 2022 were analysed.A total of 97 countries and regions have conducted acupuncture research,with the highest number of research conducted in China.Furthermore,8,056 institutions were involved in acupuncture research.In addition,1,823 journals have published articles related to acupuncture research,with the highest number published by the journal Evid-Based Compl Alt(1,o96 articles).The hotspots of acupuncture research are acupuncture analgesia(low back pain,knee osteoarthritis,headache,shoulder pain,neck pain,cancer pain,migraine),acupuncture anti-inflammatory(allergic rhinitis[AR],inflammatory pain),female-related diseases(polycystic ovary syndrome and breast cancer),cerebrovascular diseases(stroke and hemiplegia),rehabilitation treatment(postoperative nausea and vomiting,postoperative pain,and trauma pain in veterans),resting functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),nervous system diseases(nerve regeneration and neuroprotection),depression,insomnia,Alzheimer's disease(AD),evidence-based researches,etc.Conclusion:From the analysis of acupuncture research hotspots,acupuncture research was mainly focused on acupuncture mechanisms,clinical efficacy,and acupuncture standards.The emerging trends for the future include the standardization of acupuncture research and the treatment of chronic diseases with a clinical basis and more efficacy through the use of acupuncture in internal medicine.展开更多
Background:Species of the A nopheles hyrcanus group are widely distributed in Palearctic and Oriental regions and some of them are important malaria vectors.The cryptic species of An.hyrcanus group was almost impossib...Background:Species of the A nopheles hyrcanus group are widely distributed in Palearctic and Oriental regions and some of them are important malaria vectors.The cryptic species of An.hyrcanus group was almost impossible to identify based only on their morphology.The phylogenetic relationship of An.hyrcanus group was also not clear.Methods:Five members of An.hyrcanus group were identified by rDNA ITS2 sequencing as An.yatsushiroensis,An.belenrae,An.kleini,An.lesteri and An.sineroides.The mitochondrial genome fragments were sequenced and annotated using the mitochondrial genome of An.sinensis as reference.Based on the four segments and Joint Data sequences of these species,and other four anopheline species downloaded from GenBank,intraspecific as well as interspecific genetic distances were calculated and the phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by the methods of neighbor joining,maximum parsimony,minimum evolution and maximum likelihood.Findings:Four parts of mitochondrial genomes,which were partial fragments COI+tRNA+COII(F5),ATP6+CO///(F7+F8),A/D7(F19)and IrRNA(F21),were obtained.All fragments were connected as one sequence(referred as Joint Data),which had a total length of 3393 bp.All fragment sequences were highly conservative within species,with the maximum p distance(0.026)calculated by F19 of An.belenroe.The pairwise interspecific p distance calculated by each fragment showed minor or even no difference among An.sinensis,An.kleini and An.belenrae.However,interspecific p distances calculated by the Joint Data sequence ranged from 0.004 (An.belenrae vs An.kleini)to 0.089(An.sineroides vs An.minimus),and the p distances of the six members o f An.hyrcanus group were all less than 0.029.The phylogenetic tree showed two major clades:all subgenus A nopheles species(including six members of An.hyrcanus group,An.otroparvus and An.quadrim aculatus A)and subgenus Cellia(including An.dirus and An.minimus).The An.hyrcanus group was divided into two clusters as{(An.lesteri,An.sineroides)An.yatsushiroensis)and({An.belenrae,An.sinensis)An.kleini)).Conclusions:The An.hyrcanus group in this study could be divided into two clusters,in one of which An.belenrae,An.sinensis and An.kleini were most closely related.More molecular markers would make greater contribution to phylogenetic analysis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51001098)the Institute of Metal Research of CAS (No. 09NBA211A1)
文摘Vanadium pentoxide （V205） exhibits high theoretical capacities when used as a cathode in lithium ion batteries （LIBs）, but its application is limited by its structural instability as well as its low lithium and electronic conductivities. A porous composite of V2Os-SnO2/carbon nanotubes （CNTs） was prepared by a hydrothermal method and followed by thermal treatment. The small particles of V205, their porous structure and the coexistence of SnO2 and CNTs can all facilitate the diffusion rates of the electrons and lithium ions. Electrochemical impedance spectra indicated higher ionic and electric conductivities, as compared to commercial V205. The VzOs-SnOz/CNTs composite gave a reversible discharge capacity of 198 mAh.g- 1 at the voltage range of 2.05-4.0 V, measured at a current rate of 200 mA.g-1, while that of the commercial V205 was only 88 mAh.g-1, demonstrating that the porous V2Os-SnOz/CNTs composite is a promising candidate for high-performance lithium secondary batteries.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32270516,31970413the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,No.1908085MC83(to JL)a Start-up grant from Nanjing Agricultural University,No.804090。
文摘Cynops orientalis(C.orientalis)has a pronounced ability to regenerate its spinal cord after injury.Thus,exploring the molecular mechanism of this process could provide new approaches for promoting mammalian spinal cord regeneration.In this study,we established a model of spinal cord thoracic transection injury in C.orientalis,which is an endemic species in China.We performed RNA sequencing of the contused axolotl spinal cord at two early time points after spinal cord injury–during the very acute stage(4 days)and the subacute stage(7 days)–and identified differentially expressed genes;additionally,we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses,at each time point.Transcriptome sequencing showed that 13,059 genes were differentially expressed during C.orientalis spinal cord regeneration compared with uninjured animals,among which 4273 were continuously downregulated and 1564 were continuously up-regulated.Down-regulated genes were most enriched in the Gene Ontology term“multicellular organismal process”and in the ribosome pathway at 10 days following spinal cord injury.We found that multiple genes associated with energy metabolism were down-regulated and multiple genes associated with the lysosome were up-regulated after spinal cord injury,indicating the importance of low metabolic activity during wound healing.Immune response-associated pathways were activated during the early acute phase(4 days),while the expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as glycosaminoglycan and collagen,as well as tight junction proteins,was lower at 10 days post-spinal cord injury than 4 days post-spinal cord injury.However,compared with 4 days post-injury,at 10 days post-injury neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions were no longer down-regulated,up-regulated differentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways associated with cancer and the cell cycle,and SHH,VIM,and Sox2 were prominently up-regulated.Immunofluorescence staining showed that glial fibrillary acidic protein was up-regulated in axolotl ependymoglial cells after injury,similar to what is observed in mammalian astrocytes after spinal cord injury,even though axolotls do not form a glial scar during regeneration.We suggest that low intracellular energy production could slow the rapid amplification of ependymoglial cells,thereby inhibiting reactive gliosis,at early stages after spinal cord injury.Extracellular matrix degradation slows cellular responses,represses the expression of neurogenic genes,and reactivates a transcriptional program similar to that of embryonic neuroepithelial cells.These ependymoglial cells act as neural stem cells:they migrate and proliferate to repair the lesion and then differentiate to replace lost glial cells and neurons.This provides the regenerative microenvironment that allows axon growth after injury.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,No.20200201475JC.
文摘BACKGROUND Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy(ENB)is an emerging diagnostic tool that enables practitioners to biopsy peripheral lung tissues that were previously only accessible under computed tomography(CT)guidance.However,few studies have investigated ENB use in children.Here,we report a case of a 10-yearold girl with peripheral lung lesions who complained of a 7-d persistent fever.She was diagnosed with Streptococcus parasanguinis infection based on findings obtained using ENB-guided transbronchial lung biopsy(TBLB).CASE SUMMARY A 10-year-old girl presented with constitutional symptoms of cough and fever of 7 days’duration.Chest CT scans detected peripheral lung lesions and no endobronchial lesions.TBLB performed under the guidance of an ENB Lungpro navigation system was safe,well-tolerated,and effective for biopsying peripheral lung lesions.Examination of biopsied samples indicated the patient had a pulmonary Streptococcus parasanguinis infection,which was treated with antibiotics instead of more invasive treatment interventions.The patient’s symptoms resolved after she received a 3-wk course of oral linezolid.Comparisons of pretreatment and post-treatment CT scans revealed absorption of some lung lesions within 7 mo of hospital discharge.CONCLUSION ENB-guided TBLB biopsying of peripheral lung lesions in this child is a safe,well-tolerated,and effective alternative to conventional interventions.
文摘This survey study aims to investigate the perceptions learners have of the character-learning strategies they employ when taking a web-based course in Chinese.The seven Likert-scale statements are included in the questionnaire to examine learners’opinions on the three character-learning strategies that are widely used in traditional campus courses.A total of 65 students who completed the beginner level‘Chinese Characters’web-based course at a university in Sweden completed the survey.The results suggest that students in web-based courses consider these three strategies to be just as helpful and effective as campus students;moreover,the more orthodox strategy-rote learning-is found to be the most popular among distance students.Furthermore,findings of this study provide insight into the limitations and advantages associated with a web-based course,and also the possible effect learners’age and gender may have on learning strategy preferences.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFB0100305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51622210)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK3430000004)
文摘Double carbon coated Fe P composite(Fe P@NC@r GO)was in situ fabricated via the phosphorization process of the as-prepared Prussian blue@graphene oxide(PB@GO)precursor.The Fe P nanocrystals were successfully embedded in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon matrix.When used as the anode for lithium ion batteries(LIBs),the Fe P@NC@r GO anode shows superior lithium storage properties,delivering a high specific capacity of 830 m A h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 100 m A g^(-1)and excellent rate capability of 359 m A h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1).The outstanding performance mainly ascribes to the synergistic effect of the double carbon coating and porous structure design.The introduction of porous carbon and graphene coating on Fe P nanoparticles greatly enhance the electronic conductivity of the active material and well accommodates the large volume variation of Fe P during the cycling process.
文摘Purpose:Coronary no-reflow phenomenon(NRP),a common adverse complication in patients with ST-segment eleva-tion myocardial infarction(STEMI)treated by percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),is associated with poor patient prognosis.In this study,the correlation between the systemic immune-inflammation index(SII)and NRP in older patients with STEMI was studied,to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk patients and improve their prognosis.Materials and methods:Between January 2017 and June 2020,578 older patients with acute STEMI admitted to the Department of Cardiology of Hebei General Hospital for direct PCI treatment were selected for this retrospective study.Patients were divided into an NRP group and normal-flow group according to whether NRP occurred during the operation.Clinical data and the examination indexes of the two groups were collected.Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent predictors of NRP,and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to further analyze the ability of SII to predict NRP in older patients with STEMI.Results:Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that hypertension(OR=2.048,95%CI:1.252–3.352,P=0.004),lymphocyte count(OR=0.571,95%CI:0.368–0.885,P=0.012),platelet count(OR=1.009,95%CI:1.005–1.013,P<0.001),hemoglobin(OR=1.015,95%CI:1.003–1.028,P=0.018),multivessel disease(OR=2.237,95%CI:1.407–3.558,P=0.001),and SII≥1814(OR=3.799,95%CI:2.190–6.593,P<0.001)were independent predictors of NRP after primary PCI in older patients with STEMI.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that SII had a high predictive value for NRP(AUC=0.738;95%CI:0.686–0.790),with the best cut-off value of 1814,a sensitivity of 52.85%and a specificity of 85.71%.Conclusion:For older patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI,SII is a valid predictor of NRP.
文摘Sb is considered a promising anode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries （NIBs） owing to its high theoretical specific capacity （660 mAh-g-1）. However, Sb shows a very large volume change （-200%） during sodiation and desodiation, leading to poor electrochemical performance. Here, we designed and tested a sandwich-like graphene-supported Sb nanocomposite （denoted Sb@RGO@Sb）, in which ultrafine Sb nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on a reduced graphene oxide （RGO） surface. The ultrafine Sb nanocrystals anchored on the RGO surface minimize the aggregation of Sb and inhibit restacking of the RGO sheets, leading to a minimum transport length for both ions and electrons. The graphene layer not only accommodates the large volume variation of Sb during cycling but also promotes the electron conductivity of the whole electrode. Owing to its unique structure, this sandwich-like composite exhibits superior sodium storage properties.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences:CI2021B002CI2021A00501.
文摘Objective:To find the hotspots of acupuncture research in the last decade and predict future trends.Methods:The Web of Science Core Collection was used to retrieve articles published on the topic of acupuncture from January 1,2012,to August 31,2022.CiteSpace 6.1.R3,vSviewer 1.6.18,SCImago Graphics and other tools were used to visualize and analyze the number of publications,countries,authors,journals,institutions,keywords,and cited articles.Result:A total of 10,942 articles published from January 2012 to August 2022 were analysed.A total of 97 countries and regions have conducted acupuncture research,with the highest number of research conducted in China.Furthermore,8,056 institutions were involved in acupuncture research.In addition,1,823 journals have published articles related to acupuncture research,with the highest number published by the journal Evid-Based Compl Alt(1,o96 articles).The hotspots of acupuncture research are acupuncture analgesia(low back pain,knee osteoarthritis,headache,shoulder pain,neck pain,cancer pain,migraine),acupuncture anti-inflammatory(allergic rhinitis[AR],inflammatory pain),female-related diseases(polycystic ovary syndrome and breast cancer),cerebrovascular diseases(stroke and hemiplegia),rehabilitation treatment(postoperative nausea and vomiting,postoperative pain,and trauma pain in veterans),resting functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),nervous system diseases(nerve regeneration and neuroprotection),depression,insomnia,Alzheimer's disease(AD),evidence-based researches,etc.Conclusion:From the analysis of acupuncture research hotspots,acupuncture research was mainly focused on acupuncture mechanisms,clinical efficacy,and acupuncture standards.The emerging trends for the future include the standardization of acupuncture research and the treatment of chronic diseases with a clinical basis and more efficacy through the use of acupuncture in internal medicine.
文摘Background:Species of the A nopheles hyrcanus group are widely distributed in Palearctic and Oriental regions and some of them are important malaria vectors.The cryptic species of An.hyrcanus group was almost impossible to identify based only on their morphology.The phylogenetic relationship of An.hyrcanus group was also not clear.Methods:Five members of An.hyrcanus group were identified by rDNA ITS2 sequencing as An.yatsushiroensis,An.belenrae,An.kleini,An.lesteri and An.sineroides.The mitochondrial genome fragments were sequenced and annotated using the mitochondrial genome of An.sinensis as reference.Based on the four segments and Joint Data sequences of these species,and other four anopheline species downloaded from GenBank,intraspecific as well as interspecific genetic distances were calculated and the phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by the methods of neighbor joining,maximum parsimony,minimum evolution and maximum likelihood.Findings:Four parts of mitochondrial genomes,which were partial fragments COI+tRNA+COII(F5),ATP6+CO///(F7+F8),A/D7(F19)and IrRNA(F21),were obtained.All fragments were connected as one sequence(referred as Joint Data),which had a total length of 3393 bp.All fragment sequences were highly conservative within species,with the maximum p distance(0.026)calculated by F19 of An.belenroe.The pairwise interspecific p distance calculated by each fragment showed minor or even no difference among An.sinensis,An.kleini and An.belenrae.However,interspecific p distances calculated by the Joint Data sequence ranged from 0.004 (An.belenrae vs An.kleini)to 0.089(An.sineroides vs An.minimus),and the p distances of the six members o f An.hyrcanus group were all less than 0.029.The phylogenetic tree showed two major clades:all subgenus A nopheles species(including six members of An.hyrcanus group,An.otroparvus and An.quadrim aculatus A)and subgenus Cellia(including An.dirus and An.minimus).The An.hyrcanus group was divided into two clusters as{(An.lesteri,An.sineroides)An.yatsushiroensis)and({An.belenrae,An.sinensis)An.kleini)).Conclusions:The An.hyrcanus group in this study could be divided into two clusters,in one of which An.belenrae,An.sinensis and An.kleini were most closely related.More molecular markers would make greater contribution to phylogenetic analysis.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92163116),the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209043)the Major Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JC0006)。
