【目的/意义】人工智能是全球性、竞争性、战略性技术,为经济发展、国际政治格局、社会进步等带来重大变革。伴随着基础理论创新、关键技术突破和商业应用落地,人工智能的研究已不仅仅是技术问题,还涵盖复杂的经济、政治和社会问题。【...【目的/意义】人工智能是全球性、竞争性、战略性技术,为经济发展、国际政治格局、社会进步等带来重大变革。伴随着基础理论创新、关键技术突破和商业应用落地,人工智能的研究已不仅仅是技术问题,还涵盖复杂的经济、政治和社会问题。【设计/方法】基于Web of Science中人工智能相关研究文献,首先梳理了人工智能的概念及重要发展节点,再从经济、政治、社会三方面系统介绍人工智能在经济社会中应用及影响的国外研究成果,最后评述了该领域的研究局限与展望。【结论/发现】经济方面围绕劳动力、企业、产业展开,政治方面涉及政府管理、政治稳定、国际竞争,社会方面聚焦人类生活、伦理、法律、监管与可持续发展。这对于我国加快社会科学研究同技术研发应用整体推进,建设人工智能创新发展试验区,实现人工智能与经济社会发展深度融合,具有一定参考价值。展开更多
Leaf epidermal fingerprints of six species of Rhododendron （ Rh. Aureaum, Rh. dauricum, Rh. micranthum, Rh. Mucronulatum, Rh. Redowskianum, Rh. schlippenbachii） were observed by optical microscope with nail polish e...Leaf epidermal fingerprints of six species of Rhododendron （ Rh. Aureaum, Rh. dauricum, Rh. micranthum, Rh. Mucronulatum, Rh. Redowskianum, Rh. schlippenbachii） were observed by optical microscope with nail polish expression method in Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology of Ministry Education China in Northeast Forestry University in 2004. The leaf morphological features including of stomata types, characters of guard cells, subsidiary cells in lower epidermis were observed. And ordinary cells （in shape and anticlinal walls feature） as well as the trichomes in both sides of the leaves are described in detail. The results showed that there were three types of stoma in six investigated Rhododendron species, from which Pericytic stomata type exists in three species （Rh. dauricum, Rh. micranthum, and Rh. mucronulatum）, Anomocytic stomatal type in Rh. Redowskianum, Diacytic stomata type in Rh. aureaum and Rh. schlippenbachii. The subsidiary cells of the Pericytic and Diacytic stomata type are different in shape and surface feature between the species, respectively. The ordinary epidermal cells show a variety from quadrangular to hexagonal, polygonal or irregular in surface view, the anticlinal walls are straight or sinuose. Trichomes （gland scales） are present in the both of the leaf sides in three species （Rh. dauricum, Rh. micranthum, and Rh. mucronulatum）. All of these detail leaf features show specific specificity of leave finger print for 6 rhododendrons.展开更多
Tank-mix adjuvant has the potential to improve the weed control efficacy of post-emergence herbicides. In order to study the synergistic effect of adjuvant, the effects of different rates of fomesafen alone or applied...Tank-mix adjuvant has the potential to improve the weed control efficacy of post-emergence herbicides. In order to study the synergistic effect of adjuvant, the effects of different rates of fomesafen alone or applied methylated soybean oil adjuvant（MSO） were sprayed on redroot pigweed, abutilon and black nightshade under greenhouse condition. The results showed that fomesafen had different performance on the three weeds, and MSO adjuvant could effectively increase the control. The nightshade control was lower than other two weeds with all the fomesafen doses from 131.25 to 506.25 ga.i. · hm-2 with or without adjuvant. The control of abutilon was between the black nightshade and the redroot pigweed, and had better control at 375 ga.i. · hm-2 with adjuvant or 506.25 ga.i. · hm-2 alone or with adjuvant respectively. The results indicated that mixing adjuvant with fomesafen improved the control on weeds, especially at the low rate. Black nightshade was more difficult to control. The redroot pigweed had the most susceptibility to fomesafen alone or with adjuvant.展开更多
文摘【目的/意义】人工智能是全球性、竞争性、战略性技术,为经济发展、国际政治格局、社会进步等带来重大变革。伴随着基础理论创新、关键技术突破和商业应用落地,人工智能的研究已不仅仅是技术问题,还涵盖复杂的经济、政治和社会问题。【设计/方法】基于Web of Science中人工智能相关研究文献,首先梳理了人工智能的概念及重要发展节点,再从经济、政治、社会三方面系统介绍人工智能在经济社会中应用及影响的国外研究成果,最后评述了该领域的研究局限与展望。【结论/发现】经济方面围绕劳动力、企业、产业展开,政治方面涉及政府管理、政治稳定、国际竞争,社会方面聚焦人类生活、伦理、法律、监管与可持续发展。这对于我国加快社会科学研究同技术研发应用整体推进,建设人工智能创新发展试验区,实现人工智能与经济社会发展深度融合,具有一定参考价值。
基金This work was supported by the Korea Research Foun-dation and The Korean Federation of Science and Technology Socities Grant funded by Korea Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund), (Project No. 032-4-1).
文摘Leaf epidermal fingerprints of six species of Rhododendron （ Rh. Aureaum, Rh. dauricum, Rh. micranthum, Rh. Mucronulatum, Rh. Redowskianum, Rh. schlippenbachii） were observed by optical microscope with nail polish expression method in Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology of Ministry Education China in Northeast Forestry University in 2004. The leaf morphological features including of stomata types, characters of guard cells, subsidiary cells in lower epidermis were observed. And ordinary cells （in shape and anticlinal walls feature） as well as the trichomes in both sides of the leaves are described in detail. The results showed that there were three types of stoma in six investigated Rhododendron species, from which Pericytic stomata type exists in three species （Rh. dauricum, Rh. micranthum, and Rh. mucronulatum）, Anomocytic stomatal type in Rh. Redowskianum, Diacytic stomata type in Rh. aureaum and Rh. schlippenbachii. The subsidiary cells of the Pericytic and Diacytic stomata type are different in shape and surface feature between the species, respectively. The ordinary epidermal cells show a variety from quadrangular to hexagonal, polygonal or irregular in surface view, the anticlinal walls are straight or sinuose. Trichomes （gland scales） are present in the both of the leaf sides in three species （Rh. dauricum, Rh. micranthum, and Rh. mucronulatum）. All of these detail leaf features show specific specificity of leave finger print for 6 rhododendrons.
基金Supported by the Postdoctoral Grant of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(LRB10-2446)the Doctoral Foundation of Northeast Agricultural University(2010RCB16)the Science and Technology Project of Heilongjiang Education Committee(12521034)
文摘Tank-mix adjuvant has the potential to improve the weed control efficacy of post-emergence herbicides. In order to study the synergistic effect of adjuvant, the effects of different rates of fomesafen alone or applied methylated soybean oil adjuvant（MSO） were sprayed on redroot pigweed, abutilon and black nightshade under greenhouse condition. The results showed that fomesafen had different performance on the three weeds, and MSO adjuvant could effectively increase the control. The nightshade control was lower than other two weeds with all the fomesafen doses from 131.25 to 506.25 ga.i. · hm-2 with or without adjuvant. The control of abutilon was between the black nightshade and the redroot pigweed, and had better control at 375 ga.i. · hm-2 with adjuvant or 506.25 ga.i. · hm-2 alone or with adjuvant respectively. The results indicated that mixing adjuvant with fomesafen improved the control on weeds, especially at the low rate. Black nightshade was more difficult to control. The redroot pigweed had the most susceptibility to fomesafen alone or with adjuvant.
