Green analytical chemistry(GAC)focuses on mitigating the adverse effects of analytical activities on human safety,human health,and environment.In addition to the 12 principles of GAC,proper GAC tools should be develop...Green analytical chemistry(GAC)focuses on mitigating the adverse effects of analytical activities on human safety,human health,and environment.In addition to the 12 principles of GAC,proper GAC tools should be developed and employed to assess the greenness of different analytical assays.The 15 widely used GAC metrics,i.e.,national environmental methods index(NEMI),advanced NEMI,assessment of green profile(AGP),chloroform-oriented toxicity estimation scale(ChlorTox Scale),Analytical Eco-Scale,Green Certificate Modified Eco-Scale,analytical method greenness score(AMGS),green analytical procedure index(GAPI),ComplexGAPI,red-green-blue(RGB)additive color model,RGB 12 algorithm,analytical greenness calculator(AGREE),AGREE preparation(AGREEprep),HEXAGON,and blue applicability grade index(BAGI),are selected as the typical tools.This article comprehensively presents and elucidates the principles,characteristics,merits,and demerits of 15 widely used GAC tools.This review is helpful for researchers to use the current GAC metrics to assess the environmental sustainability of analytical assays.展开更多
Lignans are a powerful weapon for plants to resist stresses and have diverse bioactive functions to protect human health.Elucidating the mechanisms of stereoselective biosynthesis and response to stresses of lignans i...Lignans are a powerful weapon for plants to resist stresses and have diverse bioactive functions to protect human health.Elucidating the mechanisms of stereoselective biosynthesis and response to stresses of lignans is important for the guidance of plant improvement.Here,we identified the complete pathway to stereoselectively synthesize antiviral(-)-lariciresinol glucosides in Isatis indigotica roots,which consists of three-step sequential stereoselective enzymes DIR1/2,PLR,and UGT71B2.DIR1 was further identified as the key gene in respoJanuary 2024nse to stresses and was able to trigger stress defenses by mediating the elevation in lignan content.Mechanistically,the phytohormone-responsive ERF transcription factor LTF1 colocalized with DIR1 in the cell periphery of the vascular regions in mature roots and helped resist biotic and abiotic stresses by directly regulating the expression of DIR1.These systematic results suggest that DIR1 as the first common step of the lignan pathway cooperates with PLR and UGT71B2 to stereoselectively synthesize(-)-lariciresinol derived antiviral lignans in I.indigotica roots and is also a part of the LTF1-mediated regulatory network to resist stresses.In conclusion,the LTF1-DIR1 module is an ideal engineering target to improve plant Defenses while increasing the content of valuable lignans in plants.展开更多
Background:Women with atrial fibrillation(AF)have poorer quality of life(QoL)than men;however,the factors contributing to the poorer QoL in women is unclear.Methods:We analyzed data for 3562 patients with non-valvular...Background:Women with atrial fibrillation(AF)have poorer quality of life(QoL)than men;however,the factors contributing to the poorer QoL in women is unclear.Methods:We analyzed data for 3562 patients with non-valvular AF enrolled in the China Registry of Atrial Fibril-lation.The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36)was used to evaluate QoL,which was compared between women and men.A multivariate logistic regression analysis model was used to explore factors potentially explaining the sex difference in QoL.Results:Overall,43.3%of the cohort comprised women(n=1541)who were older than their male counterparts(72±9.8 vs.68±11.9 years,P<0.001).Compared with men,women were more likely to have more symptoms,hypertension,dia-betes mellitus,and heart failure.Women were less likely than men to receive catheter ablation(4.5%vs.6.1%,P=0.044).Women also had lower physical component summary(PCS)scores(48±9 vs.51±9,P<0.001)and mental component summary(MCS)scores(49±10 vs.51±10,P<0.001)than men.In the multivariable analysis of the poorer PCS scores in women,patient age explained 32.9%,low socioeconomic status explained 20.0%,lifestyle explained 14.3%,cardiovas-cular comorbidities explained 15.7%,the presence of more symptoms explained 5.7%,and less catheter ablation explained 1.4%.These factors also explained similar proportions of the sex difference in MCS scores.Together,these factors ex-plained 54.3%of the poorer physical function status and 46.8%of the poorer mental function status in women than men.Conclusions:Women with AF had poorer QoL than men.The following factors partly explained the poorer QoL in women:older age,low level of socioeconomic status,more cardiovascular comorbidities,less smoking and drinking,more symptoms,and less catheter ablation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81603182 and 81703607)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.:DUT24MS018,DUT23YG228,DUT21RC(3)057)+1 种基金the Open funding of Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology,China(Grant No.:2024-ZLKF-33)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.:2023-MSBA-018).
文摘Green analytical chemistry(GAC)focuses on mitigating the adverse effects of analytical activities on human safety,human health,and environment.In addition to the 12 principles of GAC,proper GAC tools should be developed and employed to assess the greenness of different analytical assays.The 15 widely used GAC metrics,i.e.,national environmental methods index(NEMI),advanced NEMI,assessment of green profile(AGP),chloroform-oriented toxicity estimation scale(ChlorTox Scale),Analytical Eco-Scale,Green Certificate Modified Eco-Scale,analytical method greenness score(AMGS),green analytical procedure index(GAPI),ComplexGAPI,red-green-blue(RGB)additive color model,RGB 12 algorithm,analytical greenness calculator(AGREE),AGREE preparation(AGREEprep),HEXAGON,and blue applicability grade index(BAGI),are selected as the typical tools.This article comprehensively presents and elucidates the principles,characteristics,merits,and demerits of 15 widely used GAC tools.This review is helpful for researchers to use the current GAC metrics to assess the environmental sustainability of analytical assays.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge Professor Jiankang Zhu and his lab at the Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology,Chinese Center for Plant Stress Biology,for providing the CRISPR/Cas9 system plasmids.All authors declare no competing financial or nonfinancial interests.This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.82225047,32000231,31970316,and 32170274)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFC3501703)+1 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds(23QA1411400,China)Key project at central government level(The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources,2060302).
文摘Lignans are a powerful weapon for plants to resist stresses and have diverse bioactive functions to protect human health.Elucidating the mechanisms of stereoselective biosynthesis and response to stresses of lignans is important for the guidance of plant improvement.Here,we identified the complete pathway to stereoselectively synthesize antiviral(-)-lariciresinol glucosides in Isatis indigotica roots,which consists of three-step sequential stereoselective enzymes DIR1/2,PLR,and UGT71B2.DIR1 was further identified as the key gene in respoJanuary 2024nse to stresses and was able to trigger stress defenses by mediating the elevation in lignan content.Mechanistically,the phytohormone-responsive ERF transcription factor LTF1 colocalized with DIR1 in the cell periphery of the vascular regions in mature roots and helped resist biotic and abiotic stresses by directly regulating the expression of DIR1.These systematic results suggest that DIR1 as the first common step of the lignan pathway cooperates with PLR and UGT71B2 to stereoselectively synthesize(-)-lariciresinol derived antiviral lignans in I.indigotica roots and is also a part of the LTF1-mediated regulatory network to resist stresses.In conclusion,the LTF1-DIR1 module is an ideal engineering target to improve plant Defenses while increasing the content of valuable lignans in plants.
基金This study was supported by the Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund(2020-2-4065)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Fund(2022-NHLHCRF-PY-19).
文摘Background:Women with atrial fibrillation(AF)have poorer quality of life(QoL)than men;however,the factors contributing to the poorer QoL in women is unclear.Methods:We analyzed data for 3562 patients with non-valvular AF enrolled in the China Registry of Atrial Fibril-lation.The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36)was used to evaluate QoL,which was compared between women and men.A multivariate logistic regression analysis model was used to explore factors potentially explaining the sex difference in QoL.Results:Overall,43.3%of the cohort comprised women(n=1541)who were older than their male counterparts(72±9.8 vs.68±11.9 years,P<0.001).Compared with men,women were more likely to have more symptoms,hypertension,dia-betes mellitus,and heart failure.Women were less likely than men to receive catheter ablation(4.5%vs.6.1%,P=0.044).Women also had lower physical component summary(PCS)scores(48±9 vs.51±9,P<0.001)and mental component summary(MCS)scores(49±10 vs.51±10,P<0.001)than men.In the multivariable analysis of the poorer PCS scores in women,patient age explained 32.9%,low socioeconomic status explained 20.0%,lifestyle explained 14.3%,cardiovas-cular comorbidities explained 15.7%,the presence of more symptoms explained 5.7%,and less catheter ablation explained 1.4%.These factors also explained similar proportions of the sex difference in MCS scores.Together,these factors ex-plained 54.3%of the poorer physical function status and 46.8%of the poorer mental function status in women than men.Conclusions:Women with AF had poorer QoL than men.The following factors partly explained the poorer QoL in women:older age,low level of socioeconomic status,more cardiovascular comorbidities,less smoking and drinking,more symptoms,and less catheter ablation.
