A patient with Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis presented with quadriplegia and multiple peripheral neuropathy with axonal lesion,confirmed by electrophysiological examination.The muscle strength ...A patient with Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis presented with quadriplegia and multiple peripheral neuropathy with axonal lesion,confirmed by electrophysiological examination.The muscle strength in the limbs of the patient gradually recovered almost completely,accompanied by the reversal of neuroelectrophysiological symptoms,and the improvement of clinical manifestations,including consciousness,respiration and cognitive function.It was revealed that the neuropathy in NMDAR encephalitis involved motor or sensorimotor nerves more than pure sensory nerves.No autoantibodies were detectable,in contrast to other anti-NMDAR overlapping syndromes.Although the underlying mechanism remains unclear,it may be associated with autoimmune generalization.In conclusion,when patients with NMDAR encephalitis present with severe limb paralysis,the possibility of peripheral nerve damage should be considered.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is an irreversible and neurodegenerative disease that slowly impairs memory and neurocognitive function,but the etiology of AD is still unclear.With the explosive growth of electronic health...Alzheimer's disease(AD)is an irreversible and neurodegenerative disease that slowly impairs memory and neurocognitive function,but the etiology of AD is still unclear.With the explosive growth of electronic health data,the application of artificial inteligence(Al)in the healthcare setting provides excellent potential for exploring etiology and personalized treatment approaches,and improving the disease's diagnostic and prognostic outcome.This paper first briefly introduces Al technologies and applications in medicine,and then presents a comprehensive review of Al in AD.In simple,it includes etiology discovery based on genetic data,computer-aided diagnosis(CAD),computer-aided prognosis(CAP)of AD using multi-modality data(genetic,neuroimaging and linguistic data),and pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches for treating AD.Later,some popular publicly available AD datasets are introduced,which are important for advancing Al technologies in AD analysis.Finally,core research challenges and future research directions are discussed.展开更多
The current mode of clinical aided diagnosis of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis(OMG)is time-consuming and laborious,and it lacks quantitative standards.An aided diagnostic system for OMG is proposed to solve this problem.The...The current mode of clinical aided diagnosis of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis(OMG)is time-consuming and laborious,and it lacks quantitative standards.An aided diagnostic system for OMG is proposed to solve this problem.The values calculated by the system include three clinical indicators:eyelid distance,sclera distance,and palpebra superior fatigability test time.For the first two indicators,the semantic segmentation method was used to extract the pathological features of the patient's eye image and a semantic segmentation model was constructed.The patient eye image was divided into three regions:iris,sclera,and background.The indicators were calculated based on the position of the pixels in the segmentation mask.For the last indicator,a calculation method based on the Eyelid Aspect Ratio(EAR)is proposed;this method can better reflect the change of eyelid distance over time.The system was evaluated based on the collected patient data.The results show that the segmentation model achieves a mean Intersection-Over-Union(mIoU)value of 86.05%.The paired-sample T-test was used to compare the results obtained by the system and doctors,and the p values were all greater than 0.05.Thus,the system can reduce the cost of clinical diagnosis and has high application value.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most prevalent type of dementia,and its neuropathology is characterized by the deposition of insolubleβ‐amyloid(Aβ)peptides,intracellular neurofibrillary tangles,amyloid angiopathy,ag...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most prevalent type of dementia,and its neuropathology is characterized by the deposition of insolubleβ‐amyloid(Aβ)peptides,intracellular neurofibrillary tangles,amyloid angiopathy,age‐related brain atrophy,synaptic pathology,white matter rarefaction,granulovacuolar degeneration,neuron loss,and neuroinflammation.Although much is known about the neurobiology of AD,very few conventional therapies are available to arrest or slow the disease.There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches for AD.AD subjects have significantly fewer viable precursor cells in the hippocampus compared with age‐matched healthy control subjects.However,the viable precursor cells that remain in AD and age‐matched healthy control brain specimens can be induced to differentiate.To facilitate or mimic the natural compensatory effect in AD,cell therapy,including endogenous and exogenous stem cells,has been considered in AD.In this review,we focus on the history and development of cell therapy in AD,and consider the role of cell therapy as a potential treatment for AD.展开更多
文摘A patient with Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis presented with quadriplegia and multiple peripheral neuropathy with axonal lesion,confirmed by electrophysiological examination.The muscle strength in the limbs of the patient gradually recovered almost completely,accompanied by the reversal of neuroelectrophysiological symptoms,and the improvement of clinical manifestations,including consciousness,respiration and cognitive function.It was revealed that the neuropathy in NMDAR encephalitis involved motor or sensorimotor nerves more than pure sensory nerves.No autoantibodies were detectable,in contrast to other anti-NMDAR overlapping syndromes.Although the underlying mechanism remains unclear,it may be associated with autoimmune generalization.In conclusion,when patients with NMDAR encephalitis present with severe limb paralysis,the possibility of peripheral nerve damage should be considered.
基金This work was partially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFB2104402)Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation(No.2022ZZ075).
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD)is an irreversible and neurodegenerative disease that slowly impairs memory and neurocognitive function,but the etiology of AD is still unclear.With the explosive growth of electronic health data,the application of artificial inteligence(Al)in the healthcare setting provides excellent potential for exploring etiology and personalized treatment approaches,and improving the disease's diagnostic and prognostic outcome.This paper first briefly introduces Al technologies and applications in medicine,and then presents a comprehensive review of Al in AD.In simple,it includes etiology discovery based on genetic data,computer-aided diagnosis(CAD),computer-aided prognosis(CAP)of AD using multi-modality data(genetic,neuroimaging and linguistic data),and pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches for treating AD.Later,some popular publicly available AD datasets are introduced,which are important for advancing Al technologies in AD analysis.Finally,core research challenges and future research directions are discussed.
文摘The current mode of clinical aided diagnosis of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis(OMG)is time-consuming and laborious,and it lacks quantitative standards.An aided diagnostic system for OMG is proposed to solve this problem.The values calculated by the system include three clinical indicators:eyelid distance,sclera distance,and palpebra superior fatigability test time.For the first two indicators,the semantic segmentation method was used to extract the pathological features of the patient's eye image and a semantic segmentation model was constructed.The patient eye image was divided into three regions:iris,sclera,and background.The indicators were calculated based on the position of the pixels in the segmentation mask.For the last indicator,a calculation method based on the Eyelid Aspect Ratio(EAR)is proposed;this method can better reflect the change of eyelid distance over time.The system was evaluated based on the collected patient data.The results show that the segmentation model achieves a mean Intersection-Over-Union(mIoU)value of 86.05%.The paired-sample T-test was used to compare the results obtained by the system and doctors,and the p values were all greater than 0.05.Thus,the system can reduce the cost of clinical diagnosis and has high application value.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most prevalent type of dementia,and its neuropathology is characterized by the deposition of insolubleβ‐amyloid(Aβ)peptides,intracellular neurofibrillary tangles,amyloid angiopathy,age‐related brain atrophy,synaptic pathology,white matter rarefaction,granulovacuolar degeneration,neuron loss,and neuroinflammation.Although much is known about the neurobiology of AD,very few conventional therapies are available to arrest or slow the disease.There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches for AD.AD subjects have significantly fewer viable precursor cells in the hippocampus compared with age‐matched healthy control subjects.However,the viable precursor cells that remain in AD and age‐matched healthy control brain specimens can be induced to differentiate.To facilitate or mimic the natural compensatory effect in AD,cell therapy,including endogenous and exogenous stem cells,has been considered in AD.In this review,we focus on the history and development of cell therapy in AD,and consider the role of cell therapy as a potential treatment for AD.
