Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer material in the world.Cellulose is diffi-cult to dissolve because it contains a large number of inter molecular hydrogen bonds.Therefore,the modification of natural cellu...Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer material in the world.Cellulose is diffi-cult to dissolve because it contains a large number of inter molecular hydrogen bonds.Therefore,the modification of natural cellulose by chemical oxidation can expand its application field.The oxidation process of cellulose is focused on,the oxidation methods and research progress of cellulose are introduced,and further development direction of oxidized cellulose is prospected.展开更多
目的:分析高级别胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤(high-grade G3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors,GEP NET G3)的临床病理特征及生存预后影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2012年9月至2019年7月间北京大学肿瘤医院收治的86例GEP NET G3,收...目的:分析高级别胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤(high-grade G3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors,GEP NET G3)的临床病理特征及生存预后影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2012年9月至2019年7月间北京大学肿瘤医院收治的86例GEP NET G3,收集临床病理及随访资料,采用单因素Log-rank检验和多因素Cox回归模型进行预后影响因素分析。结果:86例GEP NET G3的原发肿瘤部位包括胰腺(40例)、胃肠(37例)以及原发肿瘤不明(9例)。镜检肿瘤均分化良好,呈器官样、巢状生长,局灶可见假腺样、细条索样或缎带样结构。免疫组织化学分析显示,肿瘤的Ki-67指数范围为21%~60%,中位值为30%,生长抑素受体2(somatostatin receptor type 2,SSTR2)的阳性率为83.9%(26/31),在检测病例中没有发现微卫星不稳定和P53异常表达(分别为0/24、0/11)。生存分析表明,获得随访的76例患者,27例患者死亡,中位生存时间为48.6(26.6~70.6)个月,确诊时有无远处转移和能否进行根治性手术切除对患者的总生存影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但患者的年龄、性别、原发肿瘤部位、确诊时血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)水平以及Ki-67指数对患者的总生存影响无显著差异(P>0.05)。多因素分析显示,确诊时有远处转移是影响患者生存的独立危险因素(P=0.01;HR=7.33,95%CI:1.56~34.10)。结论:GEP NET G3的确诊依赖于组织病理学和免疫组织化学检测,易发生远处转移是其临床特点和主要的预后影响因素。展开更多
Background: Sorafenib and sunitinib are widely used as first-line targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC) in China.This study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and quality of life(QoL) in Chine...Background: Sorafenib and sunitinib are widely used as first-line targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC) in China.This study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and quality of life(QoL) in Chinese mRCC patients treated with sorafenib and sunitinib as first-line therapy.Methods: Clinical data of patients with mRCC who received sorafenib(400 mg twice daily; 4 weeks) or sunitinib(50 mg twice daily; on a schedule of 4 weeks on treatment followed by 2 weeks off) were retrieved. Primary outcomes were overall survival(OS), progression-free survival(PFS), adverse events(AEs), and QoL(SF-36 scores), and secondary outcomes were associations of clinical characteristics with QoL.Results: Medical records of 184 patients(110 in the sorafenib group and 74 in the sunitinib group) were reviewed.PFS and OS were comparable between the sorafenib and sunitinib groups(both P > 0.05).The occurrence rates of leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypothyroidism were higher in the sunitinib group(36.5% vs. 10.9%,P< 0.001; 40.5% vs. 10.9%, P < 0.001; 17.6% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.001), and that of diarrhea was higher in the sorafenib group(62.7% vs. 35.2%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in SF-36 scores between the two groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that role-physical and bodily pain scores were associated with the occurrence rate of grade 3 or 4 AEs(P = 0.017 and 0.005).Conclusions: Sorafenib has comparable efficacy and lower toxicity profile than sunitinib as first-line therapy for mRCC. Both agents showed no significant impact on QoL of patients.展开更多
Background:Hypoalbuminemia adversely affects the clinical outcomes of various cancers.The purpose of this study was to estimate the prognostic value of hypoalbuminemia 3-5 weeks after treatment in patients with metast...Background:Hypoalbuminemia adversely affects the clinical outcomes of various cancers.The purpose of this study was to estimate the prognostic value of hypoalbuminemia 3-5 weeks after treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC) who received sorafenib or sunitinib as first-line treatment.Methods:In this single-center,retrospective study,we assessed the progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) of 184 mRCC patients who received first-line sorafenib or sunitinib treatment.PFS and OS were compared between patients with post-treatment hypoalbuminemia(post-treatment albumin level <36.4 g/L) and those with normal post-treatment albumin level(albumin level≥36.4 g/L).The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center(MSKCC)risk model stratified mRCC patients into three risk categories.Prognostic values of all patient characteristics including MSKCC risk category were determined by using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.Prognostic value was further determined using the Harrell concordance index and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results:The median PFS and OS of the 184 patients were 11 months(95%confidence interval[CI]9-12 months)and 23 months(95%CI 19-33 months),respectively.Patients with post-treatment hypoalbuminemia had significantly shorter median PFS(6 months[95%CI 5-7 months]) and OS(11 months[95%CI 9-15 months]) than patients who had normal post-treatment albumin levels(PFS:12 months[95%CI 11-16 months],P < 0.001;OS:31 months[95%CI24-42 months],P < 0.001),respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that post-treatment hypoalbuminemia was an independent predictor of PFS(hazard ratio[HR],2.113;95%CI 1.390-3.212;P < 0.001) and OS(HR,2.388;95%CI 1.591-3.585;P < 0.001).Post-treatment hypoalbuminemia could also be combined with the MSKCC risk category for better prediction about OS.The model that included post-treatment hypoalbuminemia and MSKCC risk category improved the predictive accuracy for PFS and OS(c-index:0.68 and 0.73,respectively) compared with the basic MSKCC risk model(c-index:0.67 and 0.70,respectively).The prognostic values for PFS and OS of the integrated MSKCC risk model involving post-treatment hypoalbuminemia were significantly more accurate than the basic MSKCC risk model using likelihood ratio analysis(both P < 0.001).Conclusions:Post-treatment hypoalbuminemia can be considered an independent prognostic factor for patients with mRCC who undergo first-line treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Additionally,integrating post-treatment serum albumin level into the basic MSKCC risk model can improve the accuracy of this model in predicting patient overall survival and progression-free survival.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to examine optical spatial frequency spectroscopy analysis(SFSA)combined with visible resonance Raman(VRR)spectroscopic method,for thefirst time,to discriminate human brain metastases of l...The purpose of this study is to examine optical spatial frequency spectroscopy analysis(SFSA)combined with visible resonance Raman(VRR)spectroscopic method,for thefirst time,to discriminate human brain metastases of lung cancers adenocarcinoma(ADC)and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)from normal tissues.A total of 31 label-free micrographic images of three type of brain tissues were obtained using a confocal micro-Raman spectroscopic system.VRR spectra of the corresponding samples were synchronously collected using excitation wavelength of 532 nm from the same sites of the tissues.Using SFSA method,the difference in the randomness of spatial frequency structures in the micrograph images was analyzed using Gaussian functionfitting.The standard deviations,calculated from the spatial frequencies of the micrograph images were then analyzed using support vector machine(SVM)classifier.The key VRR biomolecularfingerprints of carotenoids,tryptophan,amide II,lipids and proteins(methylene/methyl groups)were also analyzed using SVM classifier.All three types of brain tissues were identified with high accuracy in the two approaches with high correlation.The results show that SFSA–VRR can potentially be a dual-modal method to provide new criteria for identifying the three types of human brain tissues,which are on-site,real-time and label-free and may improve the accuracy of brain biopsy.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application of genetic abnormalities in the diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma(AITL)and the reliable pathological prognostic factors.Methods:This study included 53 AITL cases,whic...Objective:To explore the application of genetic abnormalities in the diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma(AITL)and the reliable pathological prognostic factors.Methods:This study included 53 AITL cases,which were reviewed for morphological patterns,immunophenotypes,presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg(HRS)-like cells,and co-occurrence of B cell proliferation.The Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-positive cells in tissues were counted,and cases were classified into“EBV encoded RNA(EBER)high-density”group if>50/HPF.Targeted exome sequencing was performed.Results:Mutation data can assist AITL diagnosis:1)with considerable HRS-like cells(20 cases):RHOA mutated in 14 cases(IDH2 co-mutated in 3 cases,4 cases with rare RHOA mutation),TET2 was mutated in 5 cases(1 case comutated with DNMT3A),and DNMT3A mutated in 1 case;2)accompanied with B cell lymphoma(7 cases):RHOA mutated in 4 cases(1 case had IDH2 mutation),TET2 mutated in 2 cases and DNMT3A mutated in 1 case;3)mimic peripheral T cell lymphoma,not otherwise specified(5 cases):RHOA mutated in 2 cases(IDH2 co-mutated in 1 case),TET2 mutated in 3 cases,and DNMT3A mutated in 1 case;4)pattern 1(1 case),RHOA and TET2 co-mutated.Besides RHOAG17V(30/35),rare variant included RHOAK18N,RHOAR68H,RHOAC83Y,RHOAD120G and RHOAG17del,IDH2R172 co-mutated with IDH2M397V in one case.There were recurrent mutations of FAT3,PCLO and PIEZO1 and genes of epigenetic remodeling,T-cell activation,APC and PI3K/AKT pathway.EBER high-density independently indicated adverse overall survival and progression-free survival(P=0.046 and P=0.008,KaplanMeier/log-rank).Conclusions:Over half AITL cases might be confused in diagnosis for certain conditions without mutation data.Targeted exome sequencing with a comprehensive panel is crucial to detect both hot-spot and rare mutation variants for RHOA and IDH2 and other recurrent mutated genes in addition to TET2 and DNMT3A.EBER highdensity independently indicated adverse survival.展开更多
In this paper, the 3D elastic-plastic simulation was carried out by using finite element （FE） code according to the phenomena of flange keeping straight, bending towards headstock and bending towards tailstock in th...In this paper, the 3D elastic-plastic simulation was carried out by using finite element （FE） code according to the phenomena of flange keeping straight, bending towards headstock and bending towards tailstock in the shear spinning experiments for TC4 alloy. The simulation results for the three kinds of deformations of the flange agree well with the experimental results. So it is possible to explain the reason of flange bending by analyzing the strain vectors in the flange for the three kinds of deformation, which shows that it is important to apply the FE simulation technology for predicting the defects and optimizing the spinning process of TC4 alloys.展开更多
Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to effective cancer treatment.Potential mechanisms for chemoresistance include reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and expression of chemoresistance-promoting genes.Here,w...Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to effective cancer treatment.Potential mechanisms for chemoresistance include reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and expression of chemoresistance-promoting genes.Here,we report a novel function of lncRNA16 in the inhibition of ROS generation and the progression of chemoresistance.By analyzing the serum levels of lncRNA16 in a cohort of 35 patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and paired serum samples pre-and post-treatment from 10 NSCLC patients receiving neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy,performing immunohistochemistry(IHC)assays on 188 NSCLC tumor samples,using comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry(ChIRP-MS)assays,as well as RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)and RNA pull-down analyses,we discovered that patients with increased serum levels of lncRNA16 exhibited a poor response to platinum-based chemotherapy.The expression of hemoglobin subunit beta(HBB)and NDUFAF5 significantly increases with the development of chemoresistance.LncRNA16 binds to HBB and promotes HBB accumulation by inhibiting autophagy.LncRNA16 can also inhibit ROS generation via the HBB/NDUFAF5 axis and function as a scaffold to facilitate the colocalization of HBB and NDUFAF5 in the mitochondria.Importantly,preclinical studies in mouse models of chemo-resistant NSCLC have suggested that lncRNA16 targeting by trivalent N-acetylgalactosamine(GalNAc)-conjugated siRNA restores chemosensitivity and results in tumor growth inhibition with no detectable toxicity in vivo.Overall,lncRNA16 is a promising therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistance,and the combination of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy with lncRNA16 intervention can substantially enhance anti-tumor efficacy.展开更多
This paper describes experimental research into the initiation and propagation of rotating detonation for liquid Nitrogen TetrOxide(NTO) and liquid MonoMethylHydrazine(MMH).An annular rocket-type combustor without noz...This paper describes experimental research into the initiation and propagation of rotating detonation for liquid Nitrogen TetrOxide(NTO) and liquid MonoMethylHydrazine(MMH).An annular rocket-type combustor without nozzle was designed to investigate detonation combustion. The propellants were injected through unlike impingement injectors. The combustion flame fronts and pressure waves were detected using optical diagnostics and dynamic pressure sensors,respectively. The propagation of rotating detonation was established spontaneously by increasing the mass flow rate of propellants. The velocity of propagation of the flame fronts and pressure waves was nearly equal and reaches supersonic speed. Two different detonation combustion patterns are present, single wave mode and double waves mode. And in double waves mode, the two detonation waves are always counter-rotating. The possibility of rotating detonation initiation in a combustor with nozzle was also checked. Stable rotating detonation can be initialized and sustained at similar operating conditions.展开更多
Background and purpose This study aimed to investigate the association of metabolic syndrome(MetS)with both intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(ICAS)and imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)in a com...Background and purpose This study aimed to investigate the association of metabolic syndrome(MetS)with both intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(ICAS)and imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)in a community-based sample.Methods This study included 943 participants(aged 55.6±9.2 years,36.1%male)from the community-based Shunyi cohort study.MetS was defined according to the joint interim criteria and quantified by the MetS severity Z-score.ICAS was evaluated by brain magnetic resonance angiography.The MRI markers of CSVD,including white matter hyperintensities(WMHs),lacunes,cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)and enlarged perivascular spaces(EPVS),were assessed.Multiple regression models were used to investigate the association of MetS severity Z-score with ICAS and these CSVD markers.Results We found that risk of ICAS(OR=1.75,95%CI 1.39 to 2.21,p<0.001)increased consistently with MetS severity.MetS severity was significantly associated with higher risks of WMH volume(β=0.11,95%CI 0.01 to 0.20,p=0.02)and lacunes(OR=1.28,95%CI 1.03 to 1.59,p=0.03)but not the presence of CMBs(OR=0.93,95%CI 0.74 to 1.16,p=0.51)and PVS severity(EPVS in basal ganglia:OR=0.96,95%CI 0.84 to 1.09,p=0.51 and EPVS in white matter:OR=1.09,95%CI 0.96 to 1.23,p=0.21).Conclusions Our findings suggest that WMH and lacunes share risk factors with atherosclerosis of the cerebral artery,whereas the impact of glucose and lipid metabolic disorder to CMB or EPVS might be weak.展开更多
The mixed-dimensional van der Waals （vdW） heterostructure is a promising building block for strained electronics and optoelectronics because it avoids the bond fracture and atomic reconstruction under strain. We pro...The mixed-dimensional van der Waals （vdW） heterostructure is a promising building block for strained electronics and optoelectronics because it avoids the bond fracture and atomic reconstruction under strain. We propose a novel mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructure between two-dimensional graphene and a one-dimensional ZnO nanowire for high-performance photosensing. By utilizing the piezoelectric properties of ZnO, strain modulation was accomplished in the mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructure to optimize the device performance. By combining the ultrahigh electrons transfer speed in graphene and the extremely long life time of holes in ZnO, an outstanding responsivity of 1.87 ×10^5 A/W was achieved. Under a tensile strain of only 0.44% on the ZnO nanowire, the responsivity was enhanced by 26%. A competitive model was proposed, in which the performance enhancement is due to the efficient promotion of the injection of photogenerated electrons from the ZnO into the graphene caused by the strain-induced positive piezopotential. Our study provides a strain-engineering strategy for controlling the behavior of the photocarriers in the mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructure, which can be also applied to other similar systems in the future.展开更多
This paper presents an experimental study into dynamics of chamber pressure and heat release rate during self-excited spinning and standing azimuthal mode in NTO/MMH (nitrogen tetroxide/monomethylhydrazine) impinging ...This paper presents an experimental study into dynamics of chamber pressure and heat release rate during self-excited spinning and standing azimuthal mode in NTO/MMH (nitrogen tetroxide/monomethylhydrazine) impinging combustion chambers.Nine cases including two combustion chamber configurations were conducted.The operating conditions of all unstable cases were located in the instability region according to Hewitt empirical correlation.The results show that chamber pressure oscillations keep pace with the corresponding OH*chemiluminescence intensity over the whole combustion region in the spinning and standing modes.It is indicated that the Rayleigh index is positive over the whole combustion area in all the unstable cases.A significant supersonic flame front structure of the first-order spinning mode was found in a cylindrical chamber,which means that a detonation wave could exist in the cylindrical chamber without a center body.The pressure and heat release rate oscillations at the pressure node are nonnegligible although their amplitudes are lower than those at the pressure antinode in the first-order standing mode with an annular chamber.Besides,the dominant frequency of pressure and heat release rate oscillations at the pressure node is twice as high as that at the pressure antinode.展开更多
As a new type of crop protection machine,the crop protection unmanned aerial system(CPUAS)is developing rapidly in China.The wind field generated by the rotor has a great influence on the deposition and penetration of...As a new type of crop protection machine,the crop protection unmanned aerial system(CPUAS)is developing rapidly in China.The wind field generated by the rotor has a great influence on the deposition and penetration of spraying droplets.The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and stable test platform that could be used for wind field test of CPUAS,and to carry out the downwash experiments on the platform to obtain the downwash distribution law of a CPUAS Z-3N(100 kg level,Nanjing Research Institute on Simulation Technique,Nanjing,China).The tests showed that the performances of the developed platform could meet the expected design requirements.The platform operated stably and reliably during the downwash experiments of Z-3N,which indicated it could be applied for CPUASs of 100 kg level and below.The vibration characteristics of the platform with different heights(2.0 m,3.0 m,5.0 m,7.0 m,10.0 m)were obtained through modal analysis,which could effectively guide avoiding the resonance for stable and reliable operation during the experiments with the tested CPUAS Z-3N.A ring-radial method was designed combined with the platform for the downwash measurement.The experimental results showed that the downwash distribution of Z-3N was not symmetrical;the downwash wind speed decreased with the increase of the radial distance while the changing trend was not consistent as the height increased.Moreover,the area with high wind speed was mainly within 3.0 m of the radial distance,and the maximum value was 11.37 m/s.The study provided a new way for wind field test of CPUASs and would provide some references for better utilization of wind field during the CPUAS spraying.展开更多
文摘Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer material in the world.Cellulose is diffi-cult to dissolve because it contains a large number of inter molecular hydrogen bonds.Therefore,the modification of natural cellulose by chemical oxidation can expand its application field.The oxidation process of cellulose is focused on,the oxidation methods and research progress of cellulose are introduced,and further development direction of oxidized cellulose is prospected.
文摘目的:分析高级别胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤(high-grade G3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors,GEP NET G3)的临床病理特征及生存预后影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2012年9月至2019年7月间北京大学肿瘤医院收治的86例GEP NET G3,收集临床病理及随访资料,采用单因素Log-rank检验和多因素Cox回归模型进行预后影响因素分析。结果:86例GEP NET G3的原发肿瘤部位包括胰腺(40例)、胃肠(37例)以及原发肿瘤不明(9例)。镜检肿瘤均分化良好,呈器官样、巢状生长,局灶可见假腺样、细条索样或缎带样结构。免疫组织化学分析显示,肿瘤的Ki-67指数范围为21%~60%,中位值为30%,生长抑素受体2(somatostatin receptor type 2,SSTR2)的阳性率为83.9%(26/31),在检测病例中没有发现微卫星不稳定和P53异常表达(分别为0/24、0/11)。生存分析表明,获得随访的76例患者,27例患者死亡,中位生存时间为48.6(26.6~70.6)个月,确诊时有无远处转移和能否进行根治性手术切除对患者的总生存影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但患者的年龄、性别、原发肿瘤部位、确诊时血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)水平以及Ki-67指数对患者的总生存影响无显著差异(P>0.05)。多因素分析显示,确诊时有远处转移是影响患者生存的独立危险因素(P=0.01;HR=7.33,95%CI:1.56~34.10)。结论:GEP NET G3的确诊依赖于组织病理学和免疫组织化学检测,易发生远处转移是其临床特点和主要的预后影响因素。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81402084,81472378)the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(No.2013SY027)the Incubating Program for Clinical Research and Innovation of Renji Hospital(No.PYXJS16-008)
文摘Background: Sorafenib and sunitinib are widely used as first-line targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC) in China.This study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and quality of life(QoL) in Chinese mRCC patients treated with sorafenib and sunitinib as first-line therapy.Methods: Clinical data of patients with mRCC who received sorafenib(400 mg twice daily; 4 weeks) or sunitinib(50 mg twice daily; on a schedule of 4 weeks on treatment followed by 2 weeks off) were retrieved. Primary outcomes were overall survival(OS), progression-free survival(PFS), adverse events(AEs), and QoL(SF-36 scores), and secondary outcomes were associations of clinical characteristics with QoL.Results: Medical records of 184 patients(110 in the sorafenib group and 74 in the sunitinib group) were reviewed.PFS and OS were comparable between the sorafenib and sunitinib groups(both P > 0.05).The occurrence rates of leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypothyroidism were higher in the sunitinib group(36.5% vs. 10.9%,P< 0.001; 40.5% vs. 10.9%, P < 0.001; 17.6% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.001), and that of diarrhea was higher in the sorafenib group(62.7% vs. 35.2%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in SF-36 scores between the two groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that role-physical and bodily pain scores were associated with the occurrence rate of grade 3 or 4 AEs(P = 0.017 and 0.005).Conclusions: Sorafenib has comparable efficacy and lower toxicity profile than sunitinib as first-line therapy for mRCC. Both agents showed no significant impact on QoL of patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81402084,81472378,and 81672513)incubating program for clinical research and innovation of Renji hospital(Grant No.PYXJS16-008)the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(Grant No.2013SY027)
文摘Background:Hypoalbuminemia adversely affects the clinical outcomes of various cancers.The purpose of this study was to estimate the prognostic value of hypoalbuminemia 3-5 weeks after treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC) who received sorafenib or sunitinib as first-line treatment.Methods:In this single-center,retrospective study,we assessed the progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) of 184 mRCC patients who received first-line sorafenib or sunitinib treatment.PFS and OS were compared between patients with post-treatment hypoalbuminemia(post-treatment albumin level <36.4 g/L) and those with normal post-treatment albumin level(albumin level≥36.4 g/L).The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center(MSKCC)risk model stratified mRCC patients into three risk categories.Prognostic values of all patient characteristics including MSKCC risk category were determined by using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.Prognostic value was further determined using the Harrell concordance index and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results:The median PFS and OS of the 184 patients were 11 months(95%confidence interval[CI]9-12 months)and 23 months(95%CI 19-33 months),respectively.Patients with post-treatment hypoalbuminemia had significantly shorter median PFS(6 months[95%CI 5-7 months]) and OS(11 months[95%CI 9-15 months]) than patients who had normal post-treatment albumin levels(PFS:12 months[95%CI 11-16 months],P < 0.001;OS:31 months[95%CI24-42 months],P < 0.001),respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that post-treatment hypoalbuminemia was an independent predictor of PFS(hazard ratio[HR],2.113;95%CI 1.390-3.212;P < 0.001) and OS(HR,2.388;95%CI 1.591-3.585;P < 0.001).Post-treatment hypoalbuminemia could also be combined with the MSKCC risk category for better prediction about OS.The model that included post-treatment hypoalbuminemia and MSKCC risk category improved the predictive accuracy for PFS and OS(c-index:0.68 and 0.73,respectively) compared with the basic MSKCC risk model(c-index:0.67 and 0.70,respectively).The prognostic values for PFS and OS of the integrated MSKCC risk model involving post-treatment hypoalbuminemia were significantly more accurate than the basic MSKCC risk model using likelihood ratio analysis(both P < 0.001).Conclusions:Post-treatment hypoalbuminemia can be considered an independent prognostic factor for patients with mRCC who undergo first-line treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Additionally,integrating post-treatment serum albumin level into the basic MSKCC risk model can improve the accuracy of this model in predicting patient overall survival and progression-free survival.
基金This research is supported by The Air Force Medical Center,China and in part of The Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers(IUSL),the City College of the City University of New York.The authors would like to thank Mr.C.Y.Zhang,Mr.M.Z.Fan and Dr.X.H.Ni for their assistance in the experiments and suggestions concerning this paper.
文摘The purpose of this study is to examine optical spatial frequency spectroscopy analysis(SFSA)combined with visible resonance Raman(VRR)spectroscopic method,for thefirst time,to discriminate human brain metastases of lung cancers adenocarcinoma(ADC)and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)from normal tissues.A total of 31 label-free micrographic images of three type of brain tissues were obtained using a confocal micro-Raman spectroscopic system.VRR spectra of the corresponding samples were synchronously collected using excitation wavelength of 532 nm from the same sites of the tissues.Using SFSA method,the difference in the randomness of spatial frequency structures in the micrograph images was analyzed using Gaussian functionfitting.The standard deviations,calculated from the spatial frequencies of the micrograph images were then analyzed using support vector machine(SVM)classifier.The key VRR biomolecularfingerprints of carotenoids,tryptophan,amide II,lipids and proteins(methylene/methyl groups)were also analyzed using SVM classifier.All three types of brain tissues were identified with high accuracy in the two approaches with high correlation.The results show that SFSA–VRR can potentially be a dual-modal method to provide new criteria for identifying the three types of human brain tissues,which are on-site,real-time and label-free and may improve the accuracy of brain biopsy.
基金supported by“Hygiene and Health Development Scientific Research Fostering Plan of Haidian District Beijing”(No.HP2021-31-50302).
文摘Objective:To explore the application of genetic abnormalities in the diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma(AITL)and the reliable pathological prognostic factors.Methods:This study included 53 AITL cases,which were reviewed for morphological patterns,immunophenotypes,presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg(HRS)-like cells,and co-occurrence of B cell proliferation.The Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-positive cells in tissues were counted,and cases were classified into“EBV encoded RNA(EBER)high-density”group if>50/HPF.Targeted exome sequencing was performed.Results:Mutation data can assist AITL diagnosis:1)with considerable HRS-like cells(20 cases):RHOA mutated in 14 cases(IDH2 co-mutated in 3 cases,4 cases with rare RHOA mutation),TET2 was mutated in 5 cases(1 case comutated with DNMT3A),and DNMT3A mutated in 1 case;2)accompanied with B cell lymphoma(7 cases):RHOA mutated in 4 cases(1 case had IDH2 mutation),TET2 mutated in 2 cases and DNMT3A mutated in 1 case;3)mimic peripheral T cell lymphoma,not otherwise specified(5 cases):RHOA mutated in 2 cases(IDH2 co-mutated in 1 case),TET2 mutated in 3 cases,and DNMT3A mutated in 1 case;4)pattern 1(1 case),RHOA and TET2 co-mutated.Besides RHOAG17V(30/35),rare variant included RHOAK18N,RHOAR68H,RHOAC83Y,RHOAD120G and RHOAG17del,IDH2R172 co-mutated with IDH2M397V in one case.There were recurrent mutations of FAT3,PCLO and PIEZO1 and genes of epigenetic remodeling,T-cell activation,APC and PI3K/AKT pathway.EBER high-density independently indicated adverse overall survival and progression-free survival(P=0.046 and P=0.008,KaplanMeier/log-rank).Conclusions:Over half AITL cases might be confused in diagnosis for certain conditions without mutation data.Targeted exome sequencing with a comprehensive panel is crucial to detect both hot-spot and rare mutation variants for RHOA and IDH2 and other recurrent mutated genes in addition to TET2 and DNMT3A.EBER highdensity independently indicated adverse survival.
文摘In this paper, the 3D elastic-plastic simulation was carried out by using finite element （FE） code according to the phenomena of flange keeping straight, bending towards headstock and bending towards tailstock in the shear spinning experiments for TC4 alloy. The simulation results for the three kinds of deformations of the flange agree well with the experimental results. So it is possible to explain the reason of flange bending by analyzing the strain vectors in the flange for the three kinds of deformation, which shows that it is important to apply the FE simulation technology for predicting the defects and optimizing the spinning process of TC4 alloys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81972842, 82373082, 81988101, 82173152)
文摘Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to effective cancer treatment.Potential mechanisms for chemoresistance include reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and expression of chemoresistance-promoting genes.Here,we report a novel function of lncRNA16 in the inhibition of ROS generation and the progression of chemoresistance.By analyzing the serum levels of lncRNA16 in a cohort of 35 patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and paired serum samples pre-and post-treatment from 10 NSCLC patients receiving neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy,performing immunohistochemistry(IHC)assays on 188 NSCLC tumor samples,using comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry(ChIRP-MS)assays,as well as RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)and RNA pull-down analyses,we discovered that patients with increased serum levels of lncRNA16 exhibited a poor response to platinum-based chemotherapy.The expression of hemoglobin subunit beta(HBB)and NDUFAF5 significantly increases with the development of chemoresistance.LncRNA16 binds to HBB and promotes HBB accumulation by inhibiting autophagy.LncRNA16 can also inhibit ROS generation via the HBB/NDUFAF5 axis and function as a scaffold to facilitate the colocalization of HBB and NDUFAF5 in the mitochondria.Importantly,preclinical studies in mouse models of chemo-resistant NSCLC have suggested that lncRNA16 targeting by trivalent N-acetylgalactosamine(GalNAc)-conjugated siRNA restores chemosensitivity and results in tumor growth inhibition with no detectable toxicity in vivo.Overall,lncRNA16 is a promising therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistance,and the combination of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy with lncRNA16 intervention can substantially enhance anti-tumor efficacy.
文摘This paper describes experimental research into the initiation and propagation of rotating detonation for liquid Nitrogen TetrOxide(NTO) and liquid MonoMethylHydrazine(MMH).An annular rocket-type combustor without nozzle was designed to investigate detonation combustion. The propellants were injected through unlike impingement injectors. The combustion flame fronts and pressure waves were detected using optical diagnostics and dynamic pressure sensors,respectively. The propagation of rotating detonation was established spontaneously by increasing the mass flow rate of propellants. The velocity of propagation of the flame fronts and pressure waves was nearly equal and reaches supersonic speed. Two different detonation combustion patterns are present, single wave mode and double waves mode. And in double waves mode, the two detonation waves are always counter-rotating. The possibility of rotating detonation initiation in a combustor with nozzle was also checked. Stable rotating detonation can be initialized and sustained at similar operating conditions.
基金The study was funded by the'13th Five-Year'National Science and Technology Major Project for New Drugs(grant number:2019ZX09734001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:81971138)the Strategic Priority Research Program“Biological basis of aging and therapeutic strategies”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant number:XDB39040300).
文摘Background and purpose This study aimed to investigate the association of metabolic syndrome(MetS)with both intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(ICAS)and imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)in a community-based sample.Methods This study included 943 participants(aged 55.6±9.2 years,36.1%male)from the community-based Shunyi cohort study.MetS was defined according to the joint interim criteria and quantified by the MetS severity Z-score.ICAS was evaluated by brain magnetic resonance angiography.The MRI markers of CSVD,including white matter hyperintensities(WMHs),lacunes,cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)and enlarged perivascular spaces(EPVS),were assessed.Multiple regression models were used to investigate the association of MetS severity Z-score with ICAS and these CSVD markers.Results We found that risk of ICAS(OR=1.75,95%CI 1.39 to 2.21,p<0.001)increased consistently with MetS severity.MetS severity was significantly associated with higher risks of WMH volume(β=0.11,95%CI 0.01 to 0.20,p=0.02)and lacunes(OR=1.28,95%CI 1.03 to 1.59,p=0.03)but not the presence of CMBs(OR=0.93,95%CI 0.74 to 1.16,p=0.51)and PVS severity(EPVS in basal ganglia:OR=0.96,95%CI 0.84 to 1.09,p=0.51 and EPVS in white matter:OR=1.09,95%CI 0.96 to 1.23,p=0.21).Conclusions Our findings suggest that WMH and lacunes share risk factors with atherosclerosis of the cerebral artery,whereas the impact of glucose and lipid metabolic disorder to CMB or EPVS might be weak.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2013CB932602）, the National Key Research and Development Program of China （No. 2016YFA0202701）, the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities （No. B14003）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51672026, 51602020, 51527802, and 51232001）, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （Nos. 2015M580981 and 2016T90033）, Beijing Municipal Science ＆ Technology Commission, and the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials （No. 2016Z-06）, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （Nos. FRF-TP-15-075A1, FRF-BR-15-036A, and FRF-AS-15-002）.
文摘The mixed-dimensional van der Waals （vdW） heterostructure is a promising building block for strained electronics and optoelectronics because it avoids the bond fracture and atomic reconstruction under strain. We propose a novel mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructure between two-dimensional graphene and a one-dimensional ZnO nanowire for high-performance photosensing. By utilizing the piezoelectric properties of ZnO, strain modulation was accomplished in the mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructure to optimize the device performance. By combining the ultrahigh electrons transfer speed in graphene and the extremely long life time of holes in ZnO, an outstanding responsivity of 1.87 ×10^5 A/W was achieved. Under a tensile strain of only 0.44% on the ZnO nanowire, the responsivity was enhanced by 26%. A competitive model was proposed, in which the performance enhancement is due to the efficient promotion of the injection of photogenerated electrons from the ZnO into the graphene caused by the strain-induced positive piezopotential. Our study provides a strain-engineering strategy for controlling the behavior of the photocarriers in the mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructure, which can be also applied to other similar systems in the future.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11502186 and 51506157)the National Key Basic Research Program of China
文摘This paper presents an experimental study into dynamics of chamber pressure and heat release rate during self-excited spinning and standing azimuthal mode in NTO/MMH (nitrogen tetroxide/monomethylhydrazine) impinging combustion chambers.Nine cases including two combustion chamber configurations were conducted.The operating conditions of all unstable cases were located in the instability region according to Hewitt empirical correlation.The results show that chamber pressure oscillations keep pace with the corresponding OH*chemiluminescence intensity over the whole combustion region in the spinning and standing modes.It is indicated that the Rayleigh index is positive over the whole combustion area in all the unstable cases.A significant supersonic flame front structure of the first-order spinning mode was found in a cylindrical chamber,which means that a detonation wave could exist in the cylindrical chamber without a center body.The pressure and heat release rate oscillations at the pressure node are nonnegligible although their amplitudes are lower than those at the pressure antinode in the first-order standing mode with an annular chamber.Besides,the dominant frequency of pressure and heat release rate oscillations at the pressure node is twice as high as that at the pressure antinode.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3705201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51971018 and U20B2025)+3 种基金the Funds for Creative Research Groups of National Natural Science Foundation of China(51921001)111 Project(BP0719004)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China(IRT_14R05)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(FRF-MP-20-43Z)。
基金This research was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0701000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31701327)+3 种基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-12)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Crop Protection Machinery Team(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-CPMT)the Jiangsu Science and Technology Development Plan(Grant No.BE2019305)the Science and Technology Development Plan of Suzhou,Jiangsu Province(Grant No.SNG2020042).
文摘As a new type of crop protection machine,the crop protection unmanned aerial system(CPUAS)is developing rapidly in China.The wind field generated by the rotor has a great influence on the deposition and penetration of spraying droplets.The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and stable test platform that could be used for wind field test of CPUAS,and to carry out the downwash experiments on the platform to obtain the downwash distribution law of a CPUAS Z-3N(100 kg level,Nanjing Research Institute on Simulation Technique,Nanjing,China).The tests showed that the performances of the developed platform could meet the expected design requirements.The platform operated stably and reliably during the downwash experiments of Z-3N,which indicated it could be applied for CPUASs of 100 kg level and below.The vibration characteristics of the platform with different heights(2.0 m,3.0 m,5.0 m,7.0 m,10.0 m)were obtained through modal analysis,which could effectively guide avoiding the resonance for stable and reliable operation during the experiments with the tested CPUAS Z-3N.A ring-radial method was designed combined with the platform for the downwash measurement.The experimental results showed that the downwash distribution of Z-3N was not symmetrical;the downwash wind speed decreased with the increase of the radial distance while the changing trend was not consistent as the height increased.Moreover,the area with high wind speed was mainly within 3.0 m of the radial distance,and the maximum value was 11.37 m/s.The study provided a new way for wind field test of CPUASs and would provide some references for better utilization of wind field during the CPUAS spraying.
