BACKGROUND:Soft tissue damage induced by cobalt nanoparticles is currently the most noticeable complication in patients with artificial joint prostheses.Therefore,an effective therapeutic strategy is needed to limit t...BACKGROUND:Soft tissue damage induced by cobalt nanoparticles is currently the most noticeable complication in patients with artificial joint prostheses.Therefore,an effective therapeutic strategy is needed to limit the toxicity of cobalt nanoparticles.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of a ferroptosis inhibitor on cobalt nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity.METHODS:To evaluate the detoxification effect of ferroptosis inhibitor on mouse fibroblasts(Balb/3T3),Balb/3T3 cells were treated with cobalt nanoparticles and ferroptosis inhibitor for 24 hours.The cell viabilities were measured by cell viability assay.Based on the results of the cell viability assay,the concentrations of cobalt nanoparticles and deferiprone were determined.The experiment was divided into four groups:the cobalt nanoparticles group(400μmol/L cobalt nanoparticles),the cobalt nanoparticles+deferiprone group(400μmol/L cobalt nanoparticles and 25μmol/L deferiprone),the deferiprone group(25μmol/L deferiprone),and the control group.The expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 protein were examined by western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The cell viability assay results showed that as the exposure time or the drug concentration increased,cell viability decreased further,indicating that the cytotoxic effect of cobalt nanoparticles was time-and dose-dependent.Additionally,after 24 hours of exposure,cobalt nanoparticles significantly reduced cell viability and glutathione levels compared with the control group(P<0.05).At the same time,compared with the control group,there was an increase in reactive oxygen species production,intracellular iron levels,and the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.After the addition of deferiprone,compared with the cobalt nanoparticles group,cell viability significantly improved,and reactive oxygen species production,intracellular iron levels,and the expression of inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6)significantly decreased(P<0.05).This demonstrated that deferiprone had a protective effect on cells exposed to cobalt nanoparticles.(2)Western blot assay results showed that cobalt nanoparticles reduced the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 protein(P<0.05),while deferiprone inhibited this effect(P<0.05).(3)The above findings verify that cobalt nanoparticles are highly cytotoxic and ferroptosis inhibitor deferiprone has a detoxification effect on cytotoxicity induced by cobalt nanoparticles.Ferroptosis plays an important role in the process by which cobalt nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity.The inhibitory effect of ferroptosis inhibitors on the toxicity of cobalt nanoparticles may provide valuable insights for further research into the mechanisms of cobalt nanoparticle toxicity and potential detoxification strategies.展开更多
本文首先从理论层面分析研判出丢包是影响长期演进语音承载(Voice over Long-Term Evolution,VoLTE)语音感知的关键因素;进而从丢包问题切入,采用关联分析法、仿真实验及现场验证等手段,定位无线网发生VoLTE丢包的根本原因并以重叠覆盖...本文首先从理论层面分析研判出丢包是影响长期演进语音承载(Voice over Long-Term Evolution,VoLTE)语音感知的关键因素;进而从丢包问题切入,采用关联分析法、仿真实验及现场验证等手段,定位无线网发生VoLTE丢包的根本原因并以重叠覆盖理论、仿真研究寻找最优网络结构模型和降低上下行干扰为突破口,找出了多项解决策略,最终形成了一套治标更治本的、体系化的VoLTE感知无线网络优化方法,真正解决了VoLTE无线网络质量和用户感知提升的瓶颈问题,可在业界快速推广应用。展开更多
随着运营商不限量套餐的推广,FDD LTE网络负荷越来越大,特别是当某些用户持续占用大量无线资源时,就会影响其他用户的业务体验。目前都是在用户套餐资费用完后,核心网才主动限速,但对无线系统来说,希望"当网络进入高负荷状态时,网...随着运营商不限量套餐的推广,FDD LTE网络负荷越来越大,特别是当某些用户持续占用大量无线资源时,就会影响其他用户的业务体验。目前都是在用户套餐资费用完后,核心网才主动限速,但对无线系统来说,希望"当网络进入高负荷状态时,网络就进行限速",是一种动态的过程。为此,推出AMBR(Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate)主动限速功能,也就是在基站侧根据负荷情况对某些用户限速和保证某些用户速率体验。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND:Soft tissue damage induced by cobalt nanoparticles is currently the most noticeable complication in patients with artificial joint prostheses.Therefore,an effective therapeutic strategy is needed to limit the toxicity of cobalt nanoparticles.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of a ferroptosis inhibitor on cobalt nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity.METHODS:To evaluate the detoxification effect of ferroptosis inhibitor on mouse fibroblasts(Balb/3T3),Balb/3T3 cells were treated with cobalt nanoparticles and ferroptosis inhibitor for 24 hours.The cell viabilities were measured by cell viability assay.Based on the results of the cell viability assay,the concentrations of cobalt nanoparticles and deferiprone were determined.The experiment was divided into four groups:the cobalt nanoparticles group(400μmol/L cobalt nanoparticles),the cobalt nanoparticles+deferiprone group(400μmol/L cobalt nanoparticles and 25μmol/L deferiprone),the deferiprone group(25μmol/L deferiprone),and the control group.The expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 protein were examined by western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The cell viability assay results showed that as the exposure time or the drug concentration increased,cell viability decreased further,indicating that the cytotoxic effect of cobalt nanoparticles was time-and dose-dependent.Additionally,after 24 hours of exposure,cobalt nanoparticles significantly reduced cell viability and glutathione levels compared with the control group(P<0.05).At the same time,compared with the control group,there was an increase in reactive oxygen species production,intracellular iron levels,and the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.After the addition of deferiprone,compared with the cobalt nanoparticles group,cell viability significantly improved,and reactive oxygen species production,intracellular iron levels,and the expression of inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6)significantly decreased(P<0.05).This demonstrated that deferiprone had a protective effect on cells exposed to cobalt nanoparticles.(2)Western blot assay results showed that cobalt nanoparticles reduced the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 protein(P<0.05),while deferiprone inhibited this effect(P<0.05).(3)The above findings verify that cobalt nanoparticles are highly cytotoxic and ferroptosis inhibitor deferiprone has a detoxification effect on cytotoxicity induced by cobalt nanoparticles.Ferroptosis plays an important role in the process by which cobalt nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity.The inhibitory effect of ferroptosis inhibitors on the toxicity of cobalt nanoparticles may provide valuable insights for further research into the mechanisms of cobalt nanoparticle toxicity and potential detoxification strategies.
文摘本文首先从理论层面分析研判出丢包是影响长期演进语音承载(Voice over Long-Term Evolution,VoLTE)语音感知的关键因素;进而从丢包问题切入,采用关联分析法、仿真实验及现场验证等手段,定位无线网发生VoLTE丢包的根本原因并以重叠覆盖理论、仿真研究寻找最优网络结构模型和降低上下行干扰为突破口,找出了多项解决策略,最终形成了一套治标更治本的、体系化的VoLTE感知无线网络优化方法,真正解决了VoLTE无线网络质量和用户感知提升的瓶颈问题,可在业界快速推广应用。
文摘随着运营商不限量套餐的推广,FDD LTE网络负荷越来越大,特别是当某些用户持续占用大量无线资源时,就会影响其他用户的业务体验。目前都是在用户套餐资费用完后,核心网才主动限速,但对无线系统来说,希望"当网络进入高负荷状态时,网络就进行限速",是一种动态的过程。为此,推出AMBR(Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate)主动限速功能,也就是在基站侧根据负荷情况对某些用户限速和保证某些用户速率体验。
