Early selection is an important method to shorten the breeding cycle for tree species, which may differ in the time for early selection. To evaluate the early selected time for Larix kaempferi, tree height and diamete...Early selection is an important method to shorten the breeding cycle for tree species, which may differ in the time for early selection. To evaluate the early selected time for Larix kaempferi, tree height and diameter at breast height of 57 L. kaempferi clones were measured over many different growth years. The results indicated that, except for age × clone interaction for diameter at breast height （P = 0.741）, there were significant differences among all variation sources （P 〈 0.01）. The coefficient of phenotypic variation ranged from 14.89 to 35.65% for height and from 19.17 to 23.86% for diameter at breast height in different growth years. The repeatability of height and of diameter at breast height among clones was high, ranging from 0.6181 to 0.8531 （height） and from 0.8443 to 0.8497 （diameter at breast height）, in different growth years. There were significant positive correlations between all pairs of growth traits except between height in the 2nd growth year and height in the 30th growth year; and between height in the 2nd growth year × diameter at breast height in the 30th growth year. With a comprehen- sive evaluation method and a selection ratio of 10%, L65, L1, L62, L9, L15, and L78 were selected as excellent clones in the 30th growth year. Their average values of height and diameter at breast height were 9.81 and 16.57% higher than the overall average, representing genetic gains of 6.46 and 13.99%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of L. kaempferi.展开更多
By virtue of the atom-and step-economy, utilization of simple arenes as a supplant of pre-prepared aryl metal species or aryl halides for the synthesis of arylated chiral molecules has attracted great attention from t...By virtue of the atom-and step-economy, utilization of simple arenes as a supplant of pre-prepared aryl metal species or aryl halides for the synthesis of arylated chiral molecules has attracted great attention from the synthetic community. While transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective diarylation of tethered alkenes has been employed to prepare important chiral cyclic compounds, the direct use of simple arenes as aryl precursors is still underdeveloped, probably due to the difficulties in the effective control of the reactivity, site-selectivity and/or enantioselectivity. Herein we report an asymmetric Pd/Ag dual metal catalytic system for the non-directed, site-and enantioselective domino Heck/intermolecular C–H functionalization of arenes.Mechanistic studies showed that Pd and Ag act in cooperation in the catalysis and the chiral bisphosphine ligand plays a bifunctional role, i.e., assisting the silver species in the cleavage of the aryl C–H bond, while inducing the enantioselectivity on direct complexation with palladium. This method provides an efficient approach to the corresponding chiral oxindoles with good enantiomeric excesses from a broad scope of arenes, including fluoroarenes, heteroarenes and several complex products derived from medicines or natural products.展开更多
Transition metal-catalyzed olefination of aryl C-H bond is a powerful tool for the synthesis of alkenes. While the Pd-catalyzed oxidative C-H olefination of arenes, also known as Fujiwara-Moritani reaction, has been e...Transition metal-catalyzed olefination of aryl C-H bond is a powerful tool for the synthesis of alkenes. While the Pd-catalyzed oxidative C-H olefination of arenes, also known as Fujiwara-Moritani reaction, has been established as one of the most efficient methods, the substrates are largely limited to terminal olefins with electron-withdrawing group(s). Herein, we report a synergistic silver-mediated and palladium-catalyzed non-directed C-H olefination of arenes with vinyl(pseudo)halides, which offers a complementary strategy to the typical Fujiwara-Moritani reaction. The reactions proceeded well for a variety of halogenated arenes, heteroarenes, and olefin substrates, providing an efficient access to various multi-substituted aryl olefins, including trisubstituted/tetrasubstituted olefins and several complex olefins derived from medicines or natural products. Mechanistic studies indicated a bimetallic Pd/Ag cooperation is operative in the catalysis, i.e., the reaction is initiated by aryl C-H bond cleavage via ligation with phosphine/Ag species, followed by transferring of the aryl moiety to a vinyl palladium intermediate,which is in turn formed by oxidative addition of vinyl(pseudo)halide to a Pd complex. This method enables the synthesis of a wide range of challenging multi-substituted vinyl products from simple arenes(directing-group free) in a streamlined and controllable fashion.展开更多
Improving exercise tolerance is indisputably beneficial for long-term survival in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Although previous studies suggested that Yangxinshi tablets effectively i...Improving exercise tolerance is indisputably beneficial for long-term survival in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Although previous studies suggested that Yangxinshi tablets effectively improve exercise tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease,the evidence is limited due to the lack of high-quality randomized trials.The Effects of Yangxinshi Tablets on Exercise Tolerance Compared with Trimetazidine in Patients after PCI(HEARTRIP)trial is a multicenter,double-blind,double-dummy,active drug-controlled,randomized trial designed to test if the effects of Yangxinshi tablets on exercise tolerance are non-inferior to those of trimetazidine in patients undergoing PCI.A total of 668 patients who have undergone PCI for the first time and completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test(CPET)will be enrolled and randomly assigned,in a 1:1 ratio,to receive Yangxinshi tablets(3 tablets,3 times/d)plus trimetazidine-placebo or trimetazidine(20 mg,3 times/d)plus Yangxinshi-placebo for 24 weeks.The primary endpoint is metabolic equivalent of tasks(METs)measured by CPET at 24 weeks after randomization.The secondary endpoints include comprehensive CPET indicators,incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events,and depression(Patient Health Questionnaire-9),anxiety(Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7),and quality of life(Seattle Angina Questionnaire)scores.This study will appraise current clinical evidence on the beneficial effect of Yangxinshi tablets on improving exercise tolerance after PCI and may substantiate their use as an effective pharmacological option for cardiac rehabilitation patients.The HEARTRIP study protocol received approval from the ethics committee of the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command(Shenyang,China).The procedures set out in this protocol are in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Good Clinical Practice guidelines.The results will be published following the guidelines of the CONSORT statement in a peer-reviewed scientific journal(Trial registration number:NCT03809273).展开更多
基金supported by the Innovation Project of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding(Northeast Forestry University)(No.2016C02)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M561315)
文摘Early selection is an important method to shorten the breeding cycle for tree species, which may differ in the time for early selection. To evaluate the early selected time for Larix kaempferi, tree height and diameter at breast height of 57 L. kaempferi clones were measured over many different growth years. The results indicated that, except for age × clone interaction for diameter at breast height （P = 0.741）, there were significant differences among all variation sources （P 〈 0.01）. The coefficient of phenotypic variation ranged from 14.89 to 35.65% for height and from 19.17 to 23.86% for diameter at breast height in different growth years. The repeatability of height and of diameter at breast height among clones was high, ranging from 0.6181 to 0.8531 （height） and from 0.8443 to 0.8497 （diameter at breast height）, in different growth years. There were significant positive correlations between all pairs of growth traits except between height in the 2nd growth year and height in the 30th growth year; and between height in the 2nd growth year × diameter at breast height in the 30th growth year. With a comprehen- sive evaluation method and a selection ratio of 10%, L65, L1, L62, L9, L15, and L78 were selected as excellent clones in the 30th growth year. Their average values of height and diameter at breast height were 9.81 and 16.57% higher than the overall average, representing genetic gains of 6.46 and 13.99%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of L. kaempferi.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1500100)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0610000)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (92256303, 22171278, 21821002)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (23ZR1482400)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (2023J034)。
文摘By virtue of the atom-and step-economy, utilization of simple arenes as a supplant of pre-prepared aryl metal species or aryl halides for the synthesis of arylated chiral molecules has attracted great attention from the synthetic community. While transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective diarylation of tethered alkenes has been employed to prepare important chiral cyclic compounds, the direct use of simple arenes as aryl precursors is still underdeveloped, probably due to the difficulties in the effective control of the reactivity, site-selectivity and/or enantioselectivity. Herein we report an asymmetric Pd/Ag dual metal catalytic system for the non-directed, site-and enantioselective domino Heck/intermolecular C–H functionalization of arenes.Mechanistic studies showed that Pd and Ag act in cooperation in the catalysis and the chiral bisphosphine ligand plays a bifunctional role, i.e., assisting the silver species in the cleavage of the aryl C–H bond, while inducing the enantioselectivity on direct complexation with palladium. This method provides an efficient approach to the corresponding chiral oxindoles with good enantiomeric excesses from a broad scope of arenes, including fluoroarenes, heteroarenes and several complex products derived from medicines or natural products.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1500100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21821002,92256303,22171278)+1 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(23ZR1482400)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(2023J034)。
文摘Transition metal-catalyzed olefination of aryl C-H bond is a powerful tool for the synthesis of alkenes. While the Pd-catalyzed oxidative C-H olefination of arenes, also known as Fujiwara-Moritani reaction, has been established as one of the most efficient methods, the substrates are largely limited to terminal olefins with electron-withdrawing group(s). Herein, we report a synergistic silver-mediated and palladium-catalyzed non-directed C-H olefination of arenes with vinyl(pseudo)halides, which offers a complementary strategy to the typical Fujiwara-Moritani reaction. The reactions proceeded well for a variety of halogenated arenes, heteroarenes, and olefin substrates, providing an efficient access to various multi-substituted aryl olefins, including trisubstituted/tetrasubstituted olefins and several complex olefins derived from medicines or natural products. Mechanistic studies indicated a bimetallic Pd/Ag cooperation is operative in the catalysis, i.e., the reaction is initiated by aryl C-H bond cleavage via ligation with phosphine/Ag species, followed by transferring of the aryl moiety to a vinyl palladium intermediate,which is in turn formed by oxidative addition of vinyl(pseudo)halide to a Pd complex. This method enables the synthesis of a wide range of challenging multi-substituted vinyl products from simple arenes(directing-group free) in a streamlined and controllable fashion.
基金supported by a nonprofit grant for external investigator-initiated research from SPH Qingdao Growful Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.(Qingdao,China).
文摘Improving exercise tolerance is indisputably beneficial for long-term survival in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Although previous studies suggested that Yangxinshi tablets effectively improve exercise tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease,the evidence is limited due to the lack of high-quality randomized trials.The Effects of Yangxinshi Tablets on Exercise Tolerance Compared with Trimetazidine in Patients after PCI(HEARTRIP)trial is a multicenter,double-blind,double-dummy,active drug-controlled,randomized trial designed to test if the effects of Yangxinshi tablets on exercise tolerance are non-inferior to those of trimetazidine in patients undergoing PCI.A total of 668 patients who have undergone PCI for the first time and completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test(CPET)will be enrolled and randomly assigned,in a 1:1 ratio,to receive Yangxinshi tablets(3 tablets,3 times/d)plus trimetazidine-placebo or trimetazidine(20 mg,3 times/d)plus Yangxinshi-placebo for 24 weeks.The primary endpoint is metabolic equivalent of tasks(METs)measured by CPET at 24 weeks after randomization.The secondary endpoints include comprehensive CPET indicators,incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events,and depression(Patient Health Questionnaire-9),anxiety(Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7),and quality of life(Seattle Angina Questionnaire)scores.This study will appraise current clinical evidence on the beneficial effect of Yangxinshi tablets on improving exercise tolerance after PCI and may substantiate their use as an effective pharmacological option for cardiac rehabilitation patients.The HEARTRIP study protocol received approval from the ethics committee of the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command(Shenyang,China).The procedures set out in this protocol are in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Good Clinical Practice guidelines.The results will be published following the guidelines of the CONSORT statement in a peer-reviewed scientific journal(Trial registration number:NCT03809273).
