Bladder cancer(BC)ranks as the tenth most common cancer globally.Histopathologically,BC is broadly categorized into urothelial and non-urothelial BC.Urothelial carcinoma represents over 90%of BC in most regions worldw...Bladder cancer(BC)ranks as the tenth most common cancer globally.Histopathologically,BC is broadly categorized into urothelial and non-urothelial BC.Urothelial carcinoma represents over 90%of BC in most regions worldwide.The standard treatment procedure for diagnosing and treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is transurethral resection of bladder tumors(TURBT).Currently,the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)is neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy.Cryoablation therapy is a medical technique that uses extremely low temperatures to destroy diseased tissue.This treatment serves as a therapeutic tool for both benign and malignant diseases in organs such as the kidney,prostate gland,lung,liver,and breast,and is particularly effective for unresectable tumors,offering less trauma,quick recovery,good tolerability,and symptom control.However,cryoablation has its limitations.Over the past few years,cryoablation therapy has emerged as a new method for treating early BC.This treatment is minimally invasive,precise,and offers quick recovery,providing patients with a new treatment option.Although randomized studies are still limited,increasing evidence suggests its potential application in bladder cancer combined with transurethral resection(TURBT)or medication.Cryoablation is not standard therapy for bladder cancer.Treatment decisions should be discussed by a multidisciplinary team of urologists,oncologists,and interventional physicians and require more randomized controlled trials to define patient selection criteria and treatment approaches.展开更多
Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid ...Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） composition. A total of 20 fatty acids in the range of C18to C20 were determined but only 13 PLFAs were detected in steel slag. They consist of saturated fatty acids, branched fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The variation of fatty acids was revealed in the relative proportions of these fatty acids in different media. The aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant group in all media. The PLFA composition showed significant differences among the eight different media by Tukey＇s honestly test. It was found that steel slag was significantly different in the microbial community as compared to other filter media, probably due to its alkaline effluent. Steel slag alone is probably not a good choice of substratum in constructed wetlands. The principle components analysis （PCA） showed that zeolites, bio-ceramic, shale and vermiculite had a similar microbial community structure while steel slag and ceramic filter media were distinct from other media.展开更多
Background Pharmacological and conventional nonpharmacological treatments are only moderately effective in treatingeneralised anxiety disorder(GAD).Recently,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has attrac...Background Pharmacological and conventional nonpharmacological treatments are only moderately effective in treatingeneralised anxiety disorder(GAD).Recently,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has attracted interest because of its potential therapeutic value.Aim To investigate the efficacy and safety of rTMS treatment for GAD.Methods Literature studies published in English or Chinese were screened in 10 electronic databases up to 5 December 2018.The included studies'bias risk was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool.Meta-analysis was performed to compute the standardised mean difference(SMD)and risk ratio(RR)along with its 95%Cis through using RevMan V.5.3.Heterogeneity was inspected by I2 and the χ2 test.We performed subgroup analysis and meta-regression to investigate heterogeneity.We used funnel plot to assess publication bias.We used the GRADE approach to assess the whole quality of evidence.Results Twenty-one studies,with a total sample size of 1481,were analysed.The risk of bias in most studies included is moderate,the majority of which are lacking of blinding methods of treatment allocation.The treatment had beneficial effects in the rTMS group compared with the control group in mean anxiety score(SMD=-0.68;95%Cl-0.89 to-0.46).None of the 21 studies included here reported severe adverse events.As for dropout rates,there are no statistically significant differences between the two groups(RR 1.14,95%Cl 0.72 to 1.82)or adverse events(RR 0.95,95%Cl 0.77 to 1.18).No particular influence on the heterogeneity of any variable was observed.The risk of publication bias was low.According to the GRADE approach,the evidence levels of primary outcome(treatment effects)and secondary outcomes(acceptability and safety)were rated as‘medium’.Conclusion The use of rTMS combined with medication treatment may have a significant positive anti-anxiety effect on patients with GAD.However,we should interpret the results cautiously due to the relatively high heterogeneity of the meta-analysis.Future high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm our results.展开更多
Drought stress can negatively impact apple fruit quality and yield.Apple microRNAs(miRNAs)participate in apple tree and fruit development,as well as in biotic stress tolerance;however,it is largely unknown whether the...Drought stress can negatively impact apple fruit quality and yield.Apple microRNAs(miRNAs)participate in apple tree and fruit development,as well as in biotic stress tolerance;however,it is largely unknown whether these molecules are involved in the drought response.To identify drought-responsive miRNAs in Malus,we first examined the drought stress tolerance of ten F1 progenies of R3(M.×domestica)×M.sieversii.We performed Illumina sequencing on pooled total RNA from both drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive plants.The sequencing results identified a total of 206 known miRNAs and 253 candidate novel miRNAs from drought-tolerant plants and drought-sensitive plants under control or drought conditions.We identified 67 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in drought-tolerant plants compared with drought-sensitive plants under drought conditions.Under drought stress,61 and 35 miRNAs were differentially expressed in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive plants,respectively.We determined the expression levels of seven out of eight miRNAs by stem-loop qPCR analysis.We also predicted the target genes of all differentially expressed miRNAs and identified the expression of some genes.Gene Ontology analyses indicated that the target genes were mainly involved in stimulus response and cellular and metabolic processes.Finally,we confirmed roles of two miRNAs in apple response to mannitol.Our results reveal candidate miRNAs and their associated mRNAs that could be targeted for improving drought tolerance in Malus species,thus providing a foundation for understanding the molecular networks involved in the response of apple trees to drought stress.展开更多
In this paper,we investigated the effect of post-gate annealing(PGA)on reverse gate leakage and the reverse bias reliability of Al_(0.23)Ga_(0.77)N/GaN high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).We found that the Poole...In this paper,we investigated the effect of post-gate annealing(PGA)on reverse gate leakage and the reverse bias reliability of Al_(0.23)Ga_(0.77)N/GaN high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).We found that the Poole-Frenkel(PF)emission is dominant in the reverse gate leakage current at the low reverse bias region(V_(th)<V_(G)<0 V)for the unannealed and annealed HEMTs.The emission barrier height of HEMT is increased from 0.139 to 0.256 eV after the PGA process,which results in a reduction of the reverse leakage current by more than one order.Besides,the reverse step stress was conducted to study the gate reliability of both HEMTs.After the stress,the unannealed HEMT shows a higher reverse leakage current due to the permanent damage of the Schottky gate.In contrast,the annealed HEMT shows a little change in reverse leakage current.This indicates that the PGA can reduce the reverse gate leakage and improve the gate reliability.展开更多
State-of-the-art AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility structures were grown on semi-insulating 4H-SiC substrates by MOCVD and X-band microwave power high electron mobility transistors were fabricated and characterized.Hal...State-of-the-art AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility structures were grown on semi-insulating 4H-SiC substrates by MOCVD and X-band microwave power high electron mobility transistors were fabricated and characterized.Hall mobility of 2291.1 cm^(2)/(V·s)and two-dimensional electron gas density of 9.954×10^(12)cm^(-2)were achieved at 300 K.The HEMT devices with a 0.45-μm gate length exhibited maximum drain current density as high as 1039.6 mA/mm and peak extrinsic transconductance of 229.7 mS/mm.The f_(T)of 30.89 GHz and f_(max)of 38.71 GHz were measured on the device.Load-pull measurements were performed and analyzed under(-3.5,28)V,(-3.5,34)V and(-3.5,40)V gate/drain direct current bias in class-AB,respectively.The uncooled device showed high linear power gain of 17.04 dB and high power-added efficiency of 50.56%at 8 GHz when drain biased at(-3.5,28)V.In addition,when drain biased at(-3.5,40)V,the device exhibited a saturation output power dens-ity up to 6.21 W/mm at 8 GHz,with a power gain of 11.94 dB and a power-added efficiency of 39.56%.Furthermore,the low f_(max)/f_(T)ratio and the variation of the power sweep of the device at 8 GHz with drain bias voltage were analyzed.展开更多
In order to ascertain the soil carbon flux characteristics of poplar plantations and crop communities in the Dongting Lake area during the growing season and their correlation with hydrothermal conditions,soil respira...In order to ascertain the soil carbon flux characteristics of poplar plantations and crop communities in the Dongting Lake area during the growing season and their correlation with hydrothermal conditions,soil respiration rate was monitored at fixed sites and time points with an LI-8100 A automated soil flux system.Meanwhile,the surface temperature and soil temperature and humidity were measured. The soil respiration variation in the two different vegetation types and its correlation with environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that in the growing season,the diurnal variation curves of soil respiration rate in the two different vegetation types showed a single peak variation,but there was certain difference in the appearance time of the peak. The peak of the crop appeared around11: 00 am,while the peak of soil respiration in the poplar appeared around 13: 00. The soil respiration rate of the poplar was also significantly higher than that of the crop,and the average difference of soil respiration rate between the two was 3. 09 and 3. 55 μmol/( m^2·s) in April and August,respectively. Temperature and soil moisture were the main factors affecting soil respiration of the poplar plantation and crop community. Temperature had a greater effect on the soil respiration of the crop community,and soil humidity had a greater impact on soil respiration in the poplar plantation,showing a correlation coefficient reaching 0. 952.展开更多
Background Neuroimaging techniques provide rich and accurate measures of brain structure and function,and have become one of the most popular methods in mental health and neuroscience research.Rapidly growing neuroima...Background Neuroimaging techniques provide rich and accurate measures of brain structure and function,and have become one of the most popular methods in mental health and neuroscience research.Rapidly growing neuroimaging research generates massive amounts of data,bringing new challenges in data collection,large-scale data management,efficient computing requirements and data mining and analyses.Aims To tackle the challenges and promote the application of neuroimaging technology in clinical practice,we developed an integrated neuroimaging cloud(INCloud).INCloud provides a full-stack solution for the entire process of large-scale neuroimaging data collection,management,analysis and clinical applications.Methods INCloud consists of data acquisition systems,a data warehouse,automatic multimodal image quality check and processing systems,a brain feature library,a high-performance computing cluster and computer-aided diagnosis systems(CADS)for mental disorders.A unique design of INCloud is the brain feature library that converts the unit of data management from image to image features such as hippocampal volume.Connecting the CADS to the scientific database,INCloud allows the accumulation of scientific data to continuously improve the accuracy of objective diagnosis of mental disorders.Results Users can manage and analyze neuroimaging data on INCloud,without the need to download them to the local device.INCloud users can query,manage,analyze and share image features based on customized criteria.Several examples of'mega-analyses'based on the brain feature library are shown.Conclusions Compared with traditional neuroimaging acquisition and analysis workflow,INCloud features safe and convenient data management and sharing,reduced technical requirements for researchers,high-efficiency computing and data mining,and straightforward translations to clinical service.The design and implementation of the system are also applicable to imaging research platforms in other fields.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide a new way for the rapid reproduction of Symplocos paniculata.[Methods]With mature embryos of S.paniculata as explants,through the study of somatic embryogenesis,the effe...[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide a new way for the rapid reproduction of Symplocos paniculata.[Methods]With mature embryos of S.paniculata as explants,through the study of somatic embryogenesis,the effects of different media on the induction and differentiation of S.paniculata somatic embryos were discussed,and the somatic embryogenesis system for S.paniculata was preliminarily established.[Results]Calli suitable for somatic embryogenesis could be induced using modified MS(referred to as GMS)as the basic medium with the addition of 0.2 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA;the best medium combination for somatic embryo differentiation was GMS+0.25 mg/L 6-BA+0.15 mg/L NAA,and the differentiation rate could reach 71.99%;and plant regeneration needed to be carried out at low sugar concentrations.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical basis for resources protection,genetic transformation,artificial seed production,and large-scale development and utilization of S.paniculata.展开更多
Objective:To establish a reliable and sensitive method for evaluating quality of Yiqi Jiangzhi Granules(YQJZG).Methods:Ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI-...Objective:To establish a reliable and sensitive method for evaluating quality of Yiqi Jiangzhi Granules(YQJZG).Methods:Ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)was employed for simultaneous determination of eight marker components.Separation was performed on an AQUITY UPLC;HSS T3 column,the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile as the organic phase and 0.1%(volume percentage)formic acid as the aqueous.Eight marker components,ginsenoside Rg1(GRg1),ginsenoside Re(GRe),ginsenoside Rb1(Gb1),typhaneoside(TEO),isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeidoside(IN),hesperidin(HPD),aurantio-obtusin-6-O-β-D-glucoside(AG)and curcumin(CCM),were detected by multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition)was regarded as the guidance document for this method validation.Results:The method showed good linearity(R^(2)≥0.9990).The relative standard deviation(RSD)values for the instrument precision,intermediate precision and repeatability were less than 2.91%,2.88%,and 3.54%,respectively.The average recovery varied from 91.08%to 103.89%,with RSD below 3.81%.Sample solutions were found to be stable within 24 h at 4℃(RSD<2.85%).Eight marker components were successfully determined from three batches of YQJZG.Conclusion:The proposed UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was found to be simple,fast and sensitive,and can be used for the routine quality assessment of YQJZG.Simultaneously,this method may provide a new and powerful tool of quality control for other traditional Chinese medicine analogous formulae.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of Anshendingzhi decoction(ASDZD) on depression, to com-pare ASDZD with Danzhixiaoyao pill(DZXYP), and to provide evidence for the clinical treatment of depression with Traditional ...OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of Anshendingzhi decoction(ASDZD) on depression, to com-pare ASDZD with Danzhixiaoyao pill(DZXYP), and to provide evidence for the clinical treatment of depression with Traditional Chinese Medicine.METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with depression were enrolled from 2011 to 2013 in this double-blinded study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: ASDZD(treatment group, n=39)and DZXYP(control group, n=39). Hamilton Depressive Scale and TCM Syndrome Differentiation Scale were used to assess depression and efficacy before treatment and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment.The Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale(TESS)was used to evaluate adverse reactions, observe,and record treatment outcomes.RESULTS: ASDZD was significantly more effective than DZXYP. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of recovered patients, overall response rate, and TESS score(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: ASDZD is an effective treatment for depression. ASDZD could improve clinical symptoms and warrants further clinical research and application.展开更多
The wax layer of apple leaves plays an important role in improving stress resistance,but relatively little is known about the mechanisms of wax synthesis and transport in apple leaves.In this study,17 wax components,i...The wax layer of apple leaves plays an important role in improving stress resistance,but relatively little is known about the mechanisms of wax synthesis and transport in apple leaves.In this study,17 wax components,including alcohols,alkanes,fatty acids and terpenes,were analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GCMS)from the leaves of 123 apple germplasms.Whole-genome sequencing of these apple accessions yielded 5.9 million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).We performed a genome-wide association study(GWAS)on 17 wax components and identified several genes related to wax synthesis and transport,including MdSHN1(SHINE1),MdLTP4(LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN4),MdWSD1(WAX ESTER SYNTHASE/ACYL-COA DIAC-YLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1),MdRDR1(RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE1),MdACBP6(ACYL-COA-BINDING PROTEIN6),MdNLE(NOTCHLESS)and MdABCG21(ATP-BINDING CASSETTE G21).Moreover,we identified some prominent SNPs that may affect gene expression and protein function.These results provide insights into mechanisms of wax synthesis and transport in apple leaves and broaden the genetic resources and basis for facilitating resistance breeding.展开更多
In this study,a novel series of cordycepin derivatives with benzenesulfonamido groups at the 6-position of the purine ring were synthesized and their antitumor activity was evaluated.We revealed the structural moietie...In this study,a novel series of cordycepin derivatives with benzenesulfonamido groups at the 6-position of the purine ring were synthesized and their antitumor activity was evaluated.We revealed the structural moieties of the cordycepin analogs that were required for antitumor activity.Among all the target compounds,those with 4-methyl and 4-nitro substituents on the benzene ring displayed better activity than the lead compound in antiproliferative activity experiments using MDA-MB-231 and A549 cells.However,compounds with 4-methoxybenzene and 2-oxoindoline groups and ethylene spacers displayed more significant activity than the lead compound in antiproliferative activity experiments using He La cells.In particular,a compound with a 4-bromo substituent and an ethylene spacer displayed very high inhibitory activity against the proliferation of MDA-MB-231,A549,and He La cells,suggesting that it had the potential for further development and application.展开更多
In this study,PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)was applied to analyze the microbial communities in lake sediments from Lake Xuanwu,Lake Mochou in Nanjing and Lake Taihu in Wuxi.Sediment samples from se...In this study,PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)was applied to analyze the microbial communities in lake sediments from Lake Xuanwu,Lake Mochou in Nanjing and Lake Taihu in Wuxi.Sediment samples from seven locations in three lakes were collected and their genomic DNAs were extracted.The DNA yields of the sediments of Lake Xuanwu and Lake Mochou were high(10 mg/g),while that of sediments in Lake Taihu was relatively low.After DNA purification,the 16S rDNA genes(V3 to V5 region)were amplified and the amplified DNA fragments were separated by parallel DGGE.The DGGE profiles showed that there were five common bands in all the lake sediment samples indicating that there were similarities among the populations of microorganisms in all the lake sediments.The DGGE profiles of Lake Xuanwu and Lake Mochou were similar and about 20 types of micro-organisms were identified in the sediment samples of both lakes.These results suggest that the sediment samples of these two city lakes(Xuanwu,Mochou)have similar microbial communities.However,the DGGE profiles of sediment samples in Lake Taihu were significantly different from these two lakes.Furthermore,the DGGE profiles of sediment samples in different locations in Lake Taihu were also different,suggesting that the microbial communities in Lake Taihu are more diversified than those in Lake Xuanwu and Lake Mochou.The differences in microbial diversity may be caused by the different environmental conditions,such as redox potential,pH,and the concentrations of organic matters.Seven major bands of 16S rDNA genes fragments from the DGGE profiles of sediment samples were further reamplified and sequenced.The results of sequencing analysis indicate that five sequences shared 99%-100%homology with known sequences(Bacillus and Brevibacillus,uncultured bacteria),while the other two sequences shared 93%-96%homology with known sequences(Acinetobacter,and Bacillus).The study shows that the PCR-DGGE technique combined with sequence analysis is a feasible and efficient method for the determination of microbial communities in sediment samples.展开更多
Artemia embryos can endure extreme temperature, long-term anoxia, desiccation and other wide variety of stressful conditions. How the embryos survive these stresses is a very interesting and unsolved subject. To solve...Artemia embryos can endure extreme temperature, long-term anoxia, desiccation and other wide variety of stressful conditions. How the embryos survive these stresses is a very interesting and unsolved subject. To solve this question we analyzed the nucleotide and deduced protein sequence for Hsp26, a molecular chaperone specific to Artemia embryo development, cDNAs of Hsp26 were sequenced from eight Artemia species and deduced Hsp26 amino acid sequences were analyzed. Computer-assisted analysis indicated that the 5＇-untranslated region and all the 3 introns contain many putative cis-acting elements for Hsp26 gene expression during development, including heat shock elements （HSEs）, Dfd, dl, CF2-II, Hb and AP-1 binding sites. Secondary structure of the Hsp26 3＇-untranslated terminator contains the basic structure basis for transcriptional termination. Hsp26 shares sequence similarity with sHSPs （small heat shock protein） from other organisms. The physico-chemical properties of the deduced protein, such as theoretical molecular weight, protein extinction coefficient, isoelectric point and antigenic sites were also obtained. One seven-peptide nuclear localization signals （NLS） ＂PFRRRMM＂ was found, which suggested that the Hsp26 protein was hypothesized to be located inside the nucleus. The numbers of phosphorylation sites of serine, threonine and tyrosine and kinase specific phosphorylation sites are also located in Hsp26 protein sequence. These studies will help us achieve a better understanding of Hsp26 and broad implications for sHSPs function in crustacean embryo development.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the 2023 Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project(2023A04J2132).
文摘Bladder cancer(BC)ranks as the tenth most common cancer globally.Histopathologically,BC is broadly categorized into urothelial and non-urothelial BC.Urothelial carcinoma represents over 90%of BC in most regions worldwide.The standard treatment procedure for diagnosing and treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is transurethral resection of bladder tumors(TURBT).Currently,the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)is neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy.Cryoablation therapy is a medical technique that uses extremely low temperatures to destroy diseased tissue.This treatment serves as a therapeutic tool for both benign and malignant diseases in organs such as the kidney,prostate gland,lung,liver,and breast,and is particularly effective for unresectable tumors,offering less trauma,quick recovery,good tolerability,and symptom control.However,cryoablation has its limitations.Over the past few years,cryoablation therapy has emerged as a new method for treating early BC.This treatment is minimally invasive,precise,and offers quick recovery,providing patients with a new treatment option.Although randomized studies are still limited,increasing evidence suggests its potential application in bladder cancer combined with transurethral resection(TURBT)or medication.Cryoablation is not standard therapy for bladder cancer.Treatment decisions should be discussed by a multidisciplinary team of urologists,oncologists,and interventional physicians and require more randomized controlled trials to define patient selection criteria and treatment approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30870221,20877093,50808172)the High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (No.2009X207209-004)
文摘Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） composition. A total of 20 fatty acids in the range of C18to C20 were determined but only 13 PLFAs were detected in steel slag. They consist of saturated fatty acids, branched fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The variation of fatty acids was revealed in the relative proportions of these fatty acids in different media. The aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant group in all media. The PLFA composition showed significant differences among the eight different media by Tukey＇s honestly test. It was found that steel slag was significantly different in the microbial community as compared to other filter media, probably due to its alkaline effluent. Steel slag alone is probably not a good choice of substratum in constructed wetlands. The principle components analysis （PCA） showed that zeolites, bio-ceramic, shale and vermiculite had a similar microbial community structure while steel slag and ceramic filter media were distinct from other media.
基金Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(18411952400,19411968600,16411965000)Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(18ZR1432600)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Foundation(20164Y0215,20174Y0021)SHSMU-ION Research Centre for Brain Disorders(2015NKX004).
文摘Background Pharmacological and conventional nonpharmacological treatments are only moderately effective in treatingeneralised anxiety disorder(GAD).Recently,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has attracted interest because of its potential therapeutic value.Aim To investigate the efficacy and safety of rTMS treatment for GAD.Methods Literature studies published in English or Chinese were screened in 10 electronic databases up to 5 December 2018.The included studies'bias risk was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool.Meta-analysis was performed to compute the standardised mean difference(SMD)and risk ratio(RR)along with its 95%Cis through using RevMan V.5.3.Heterogeneity was inspected by I2 and the χ2 test.We performed subgroup analysis and meta-regression to investigate heterogeneity.We used funnel plot to assess publication bias.We used the GRADE approach to assess the whole quality of evidence.Results Twenty-one studies,with a total sample size of 1481,were analysed.The risk of bias in most studies included is moderate,the majority of which are lacking of blinding methods of treatment allocation.The treatment had beneficial effects in the rTMS group compared with the control group in mean anxiety score(SMD=-0.68;95%Cl-0.89 to-0.46).None of the 21 studies included here reported severe adverse events.As for dropout rates,there are no statistically significant differences between the two groups(RR 1.14,95%Cl 0.72 to 1.82)or adverse events(RR 0.95,95%Cl 0.77 to 1.18).No particular influence on the heterogeneity of any variable was observed.The risk of publication bias was low.According to the GRADE approach,the evidence levels of primary outcome(treatment effects)and secondary outcomes(acceptability and safety)were rated as‘medium’.Conclusion The use of rTMS combined with medication treatment may have a significant positive anti-anxiety effect on patients with GAD.However,we should interpret the results cautiously due to the relatively high heterogeneity of the meta-analysis.Future high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm our results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31622049)the Project of Shaanxi Provincial Youth Science and Technology Star Plan(2015kjxx-14)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31330068).
文摘Drought stress can negatively impact apple fruit quality and yield.Apple microRNAs(miRNAs)participate in apple tree and fruit development,as well as in biotic stress tolerance;however,it is largely unknown whether these molecules are involved in the drought response.To identify drought-responsive miRNAs in Malus,we first examined the drought stress tolerance of ten F1 progenies of R3(M.×domestica)×M.sieversii.We performed Illumina sequencing on pooled total RNA from both drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive plants.The sequencing results identified a total of 206 known miRNAs and 253 candidate novel miRNAs from drought-tolerant plants and drought-sensitive plants under control or drought conditions.We identified 67 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in drought-tolerant plants compared with drought-sensitive plants under drought conditions.Under drought stress,61 and 35 miRNAs were differentially expressed in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive plants,respectively.We determined the expression levels of seven out of eight miRNAs by stem-loop qPCR analysis.We also predicted the target genes of all differentially expressed miRNAs and identified the expression of some genes.Gene Ontology analyses indicated that the target genes were mainly involved in stimulus response and cellular and metabolic processes.Finally,we confirmed roles of two miRNAs in apple response to mannitol.Our results reveal candidate miRNAs and their associated mRNAs that could be targeted for improving drought tolerance in Malus species,thus providing a foundation for understanding the molecular networks involved in the response of apple trees to drought stress.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0402900)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(62074144).
文摘In this paper,we investigated the effect of post-gate annealing(PGA)on reverse gate leakage and the reverse bias reliability of Al_(0.23)Ga_(0.77)N/GaN high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).We found that the Poole-Frenkel(PF)emission is dominant in the reverse gate leakage current at the low reverse bias region(V_(th)<V_(G)<0 V)for the unannealed and annealed HEMTs.The emission barrier height of HEMT is increased from 0.139 to 0.256 eV after the PGA process,which results in a reduction of the reverse leakage current by more than one order.Besides,the reverse step stress was conducted to study the gate reliability of both HEMTs.After the stress,the unannealed HEMT shows a higher reverse leakage current due to the permanent damage of the Schottky gate.In contrast,the annealed HEMT shows a little change in reverse leakage current.This indicates that the PGA can reduce the reverse gate leakage and improve the gate reliability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0402900)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B010126001)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shandong Province(ZR2019JQ01)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(62074144,52022052,62004118)Key R&D plan of Shandong Province(2019JMRH0901,2019JMRH0201)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019BEM030,ZR2019BEM011).
文摘State-of-the-art AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility structures were grown on semi-insulating 4H-SiC substrates by MOCVD and X-band microwave power high electron mobility transistors were fabricated and characterized.Hall mobility of 2291.1 cm^(2)/(V·s)and two-dimensional electron gas density of 9.954×10^(12)cm^(-2)were achieved at 300 K.The HEMT devices with a 0.45-μm gate length exhibited maximum drain current density as high as 1039.6 mA/mm and peak extrinsic transconductance of 229.7 mS/mm.The f_(T)of 30.89 GHz and f_(max)of 38.71 GHz were measured on the device.Load-pull measurements were performed and analyzed under(-3.5,28)V,(-3.5,34)V and(-3.5,40)V gate/drain direct current bias in class-AB,respectively.The uncooled device showed high linear power gain of 17.04 dB and high power-added efficiency of 50.56%at 8 GHz when drain biased at(-3.5,28)V.In addition,when drain biased at(-3.5,40)V,the device exhibited a saturation output power dens-ity up to 6.21 W/mm at 8 GHz,with a power gain of 11.94 dB and a power-added efficiency of 39.56%.Furthermore,the low f_(max)/f_(T)ratio and the variation of the power sweep of the device at 8 GHz with drain bias voltage were analyzed.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0600402)Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(2016NK2160)Forestry Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province(XLK201657)
文摘In order to ascertain the soil carbon flux characteristics of poplar plantations and crop communities in the Dongting Lake area during the growing season and their correlation with hydrothermal conditions,soil respiration rate was monitored at fixed sites and time points with an LI-8100 A automated soil flux system.Meanwhile,the surface temperature and soil temperature and humidity were measured. The soil respiration variation in the two different vegetation types and its correlation with environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that in the growing season,the diurnal variation curves of soil respiration rate in the two different vegetation types showed a single peak variation,but there was certain difference in the appearance time of the peak. The peak of the crop appeared around11: 00 am,while the peak of soil respiration in the poplar appeared around 13: 00. The soil respiration rate of the poplar was also significantly higher than that of the crop,and the average difference of soil respiration rate between the two was 3. 09 and 3. 55 μmol/( m^2·s) in April and August,respectively. Temperature and soil moisture were the main factors affecting soil respiration of the poplar plantation and crop community. Temperature had a greater effect on the soil respiration of the crop community,and soil humidity had a greater impact on soil respiration in the poplar plantation,showing a correlation coefficient reaching 0. 952.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC2001605)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971682,81571756)+6 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(20ZR1472800)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Education(Gaofeng Clinical Medicine-20171929)Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health(19MC1911100)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(2019ZB0201,2018BR17)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(18JC1420305)Shanghai Mental Health Center Clinical Research Center(CRC2018DSJ01-5,CRC2019ZD04)Research Funds from Shanghai Mental Health Center(13dz2260500,2018-YJ-02).
文摘Background Neuroimaging techniques provide rich and accurate measures of brain structure and function,and have become one of the most popular methods in mental health and neuroscience research.Rapidly growing neuroimaging research generates massive amounts of data,bringing new challenges in data collection,large-scale data management,efficient computing requirements and data mining and analyses.Aims To tackle the challenges and promote the application of neuroimaging technology in clinical practice,we developed an integrated neuroimaging cloud(INCloud).INCloud provides a full-stack solution for the entire process of large-scale neuroimaging data collection,management,analysis and clinical applications.Methods INCloud consists of data acquisition systems,a data warehouse,automatic multimodal image quality check and processing systems,a brain feature library,a high-performance computing cluster and computer-aided diagnosis systems(CADS)for mental disorders.A unique design of INCloud is the brain feature library that converts the unit of data management from image to image features such as hippocampal volume.Connecting the CADS to the scientific database,INCloud allows the accumulation of scientific data to continuously improve the accuracy of objective diagnosis of mental disorders.Results Users can manage and analyze neuroimaging data on INCloud,without the need to download them to the local device.INCloud users can query,manage,analyze and share image features based on customized criteria.Several examples of'mega-analyses'based on the brain feature library are shown.Conclusions Compared with traditional neuroimaging acquisition and analysis workflow,INCloud features safe and convenient data management and sharing,reduced technical requirements for researchers,high-efficiency computing and data mining,and straightforward translations to clinical service.The design and implementation of the system are also applicable to imaging research platforms in other fields.
基金Supported by Changsha Science and Technology Plan Key Project(kq1801080)State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resource Utilization Project(2019XK2002)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide a new way for the rapid reproduction of Symplocos paniculata.[Methods]With mature embryos of S.paniculata as explants,through the study of somatic embryogenesis,the effects of different media on the induction and differentiation of S.paniculata somatic embryos were discussed,and the somatic embryogenesis system for S.paniculata was preliminarily established.[Results]Calli suitable for somatic embryogenesis could be induced using modified MS(referred to as GMS)as the basic medium with the addition of 0.2 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA;the best medium combination for somatic embryo differentiation was GMS+0.25 mg/L 6-BA+0.15 mg/L NAA,and the differentiation rate could reach 71.99%;and plant regeneration needed to be carried out at low sugar concentrations.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical basis for resources protection,genetic transformation,artificial seed production,and large-scale development and utilization of S.paniculata.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.7192117)。
文摘Objective:To establish a reliable and sensitive method for evaluating quality of Yiqi Jiangzhi Granules(YQJZG).Methods:Ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)was employed for simultaneous determination of eight marker components.Separation was performed on an AQUITY UPLC;HSS T3 column,the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile as the organic phase and 0.1%(volume percentage)formic acid as the aqueous.Eight marker components,ginsenoside Rg1(GRg1),ginsenoside Re(GRe),ginsenoside Rb1(Gb1),typhaneoside(TEO),isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeidoside(IN),hesperidin(HPD),aurantio-obtusin-6-O-β-D-glucoside(AG)and curcumin(CCM),were detected by multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition)was regarded as the guidance document for this method validation.Results:The method showed good linearity(R^(2)≥0.9990).The relative standard deviation(RSD)values for the instrument precision,intermediate precision and repeatability were less than 2.91%,2.88%,and 3.54%,respectively.The average recovery varied from 91.08%to 103.89%,with RSD below 3.81%.Sample solutions were found to be stable within 24 h at 4℃(RSD<2.85%).Eight marker components were successfully determined from three batches of YQJZG.Conclusion:The proposed UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was found to be simple,fast and sensitive,and can be used for the routine quality assessment of YQJZG.Simultaneously,this method may provide a new and powerful tool of quality control for other traditional Chinese medicine analogous formulae.
基金The Project of National Prominent Chinese Medicine Inheritance Studio,State Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau(No.2011.42)Research Project of Beijing Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.JJ2011-91+2 种基金No.JJ2011-53)The Project of the Prominent Chinese Medicine Doctors'Studio in Beijing Hepingli Hospital,State Development and Reform Test Area of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Dongcheng District,Beijing)National Non-material Cultural Heritage-The Project of Chinese Medicine Master Studio in Beijing Tongrentang
文摘OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of Anshendingzhi decoction(ASDZD) on depression, to com-pare ASDZD with Danzhixiaoyao pill(DZXYP), and to provide evidence for the clinical treatment of depression with Traditional Chinese Medicine.METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with depression were enrolled from 2011 to 2013 in this double-blinded study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: ASDZD(treatment group, n=39)and DZXYP(control group, n=39). Hamilton Depressive Scale and TCM Syndrome Differentiation Scale were used to assess depression and efficacy before treatment and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment.The Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale(TESS)was used to evaluate adverse reactions, observe,and record treatment outcomes.RESULTS: ASDZD was significantly more effective than DZXYP. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of recovered patients, overall response rate, and TESS score(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: ASDZD is an effective treatment for depression. ASDZD could improve clinical symptoms and warrants further clinical research and application.
基金supported by the Key S&T Special Projects of Shaanxi Province,China(2020zdzx03–01-02).
文摘The wax layer of apple leaves plays an important role in improving stress resistance,but relatively little is known about the mechanisms of wax synthesis and transport in apple leaves.In this study,17 wax components,including alcohols,alkanes,fatty acids and terpenes,were analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GCMS)from the leaves of 123 apple germplasms.Whole-genome sequencing of these apple accessions yielded 5.9 million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).We performed a genome-wide association study(GWAS)on 17 wax components and identified several genes related to wax synthesis and transport,including MdSHN1(SHINE1),MdLTP4(LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN4),MdWSD1(WAX ESTER SYNTHASE/ACYL-COA DIAC-YLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1),MdRDR1(RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE1),MdACBP6(ACYL-COA-BINDING PROTEIN6),MdNLE(NOTCHLESS)and MdABCG21(ATP-BINDING CASSETTE G21).Moreover,we identified some prominent SNPs that may affect gene expression and protein function.These results provide insights into mechanisms of wax synthesis and transport in apple leaves and broaden the genetic resources and basis for facilitating resistance breeding.
基金Research Basic Ability Enhancement Project of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities(Grant No.2019KY0166)the Project of Guangxi University for Nationalities(Grant No.2018MDYB006,2018XJGY46)。
文摘In this study,a novel series of cordycepin derivatives with benzenesulfonamido groups at the 6-position of the purine ring were synthesized and their antitumor activity was evaluated.We revealed the structural moieties of the cordycepin analogs that were required for antitumor activity.Among all the target compounds,those with 4-methyl and 4-nitro substituents on the benzene ring displayed better activity than the lead compound in antiproliferative activity experiments using MDA-MB-231 and A549 cells.However,compounds with 4-methoxybenzene and 2-oxoindoline groups and ethylene spacers displayed more significant activity than the lead compound in antiproliferative activity experiments using He La cells.In particular,a compound with a 4-bromo substituent and an ethylene spacer displayed very high inhibitory activity against the proliferation of MDA-MB-231,A549,and He La cells,suggesting that it had the potential for further development and application.
基金This study is supported by the National Basic Research Program(2002CB412307)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Water Environment Program)(2002AA601011).
文摘In this study,PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)was applied to analyze the microbial communities in lake sediments from Lake Xuanwu,Lake Mochou in Nanjing and Lake Taihu in Wuxi.Sediment samples from seven locations in three lakes were collected and their genomic DNAs were extracted.The DNA yields of the sediments of Lake Xuanwu and Lake Mochou were high(10 mg/g),while that of sediments in Lake Taihu was relatively low.After DNA purification,the 16S rDNA genes(V3 to V5 region)were amplified and the amplified DNA fragments were separated by parallel DGGE.The DGGE profiles showed that there were five common bands in all the lake sediment samples indicating that there were similarities among the populations of microorganisms in all the lake sediments.The DGGE profiles of Lake Xuanwu and Lake Mochou were similar and about 20 types of micro-organisms were identified in the sediment samples of both lakes.These results suggest that the sediment samples of these two city lakes(Xuanwu,Mochou)have similar microbial communities.However,the DGGE profiles of sediment samples in Lake Taihu were significantly different from these two lakes.Furthermore,the DGGE profiles of sediment samples in different locations in Lake Taihu were also different,suggesting that the microbial communities in Lake Taihu are more diversified than those in Lake Xuanwu and Lake Mochou.The differences in microbial diversity may be caused by the different environmental conditions,such as redox potential,pH,and the concentrations of organic matters.Seven major bands of 16S rDNA genes fragments from the DGGE profiles of sediment samples were further reamplified and sequenced.The results of sequencing analysis indicate that five sequences shared 99%-100%homology with known sequences(Bacillus and Brevibacillus,uncultured bacteria),while the other two sequences shared 93%-96%homology with known sequences(Acinetobacter,and Bacillus).The study shows that the PCR-DGGE technique combined with sequence analysis is a feasible and efficient method for the determination of microbial communities in sediment samples.
文摘Artemia embryos can endure extreme temperature, long-term anoxia, desiccation and other wide variety of stressful conditions. How the embryos survive these stresses is a very interesting and unsolved subject. To solve this question we analyzed the nucleotide and deduced protein sequence for Hsp26, a molecular chaperone specific to Artemia embryo development, cDNAs of Hsp26 were sequenced from eight Artemia species and deduced Hsp26 amino acid sequences were analyzed. Computer-assisted analysis indicated that the 5＇-untranslated region and all the 3 introns contain many putative cis-acting elements for Hsp26 gene expression during development, including heat shock elements （HSEs）, Dfd, dl, CF2-II, Hb and AP-1 binding sites. Secondary structure of the Hsp26 3＇-untranslated terminator contains the basic structure basis for transcriptional termination. Hsp26 shares sequence similarity with sHSPs （small heat shock protein） from other organisms. The physico-chemical properties of the deduced protein, such as theoretical molecular weight, protein extinction coefficient, isoelectric point and antigenic sites were also obtained. One seven-peptide nuclear localization signals （NLS） ＂PFRRRMM＂ was found, which suggested that the Hsp26 protein was hypothesized to be located inside the nucleus. The numbers of phosphorylation sites of serine, threonine and tyrosine and kinase specific phosphorylation sites are also located in Hsp26 protein sequence. These studies will help us achieve a better understanding of Hsp26 and broad implications for sHSPs function in crustacean embryo development.
