Plant virus causes massive crop losses globally.However,there is currently no effective measure to control plant viral disease.Previously,we identify an antiviral protein Rhp-PSP,produced by the bacterial Rhodopseudom...Plant virus causes massive crop losses globally.However,there is currently no effective measure to control plant viral disease.Previously,we identify an antiviral protein Rhp-PSP,produced by the bacterial Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain JSC-3b.In this study,we discover that the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP relies on its endoribonuclease activity.Converting the arginine(R)residue at position 129 onto alanine(A)abolishs its endoribonuclease activity on coat protein(CP)RNA of tobacco mosaic virus(TMV),consequentially,compromises the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP.Further investigation demonstrates that,the mutant Rhp-PSP^(R129A)is unable to form the homotrimer as the wild type,indicating the importance of quaternary junction for the endoribonuclease activity.Overexpression of Rhp-PSP in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly enhances the resistance against TMV of seedlings,while expression of Rhp-PSP^(R129A)did not,confirming that endoribonuclease activity is responsible for the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP.In addition,foliar spray of Rhp-PSP solution on tomato and pepper plants significantly reduces the disease index of viral diseases,indicating that Rhp-PSP shows potential to develop antiviral agent in practice.展开更多
Droplet levitation and coalescence mechanisms have consistently been a focal point in scientific research.Fromthe perspective of molecular interactions,we investigated the influence of vapor pressure on the levitation...Droplet levitation and coalescence mechanisms have consistently been a focal point in scientific research.Fromthe perspective of molecular interactions,we investigated the influence of vapor pressure on the levitation andcoalescence of droplets.The evaporation of nanodroplets and liquid pools under different initial environmentswas simulated by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics.The study analyzed the effects of evaporation during theprocesses of droplet levitation and coalescence and determined the existence of the Knudsen layer.Knudsenlayers consisting of water molecules rather than clusters are generated during the evaporation.The definition,properties,and mechanisms of the layers were investigated.展开更多
Microspheres containing nerve growth factor for sustained release were prepared by a compound method, and implanted into chitosan conduits to repair 10-mm defects on the right buccal branches of the facial nerve in ra...Microspheres containing nerve growth factor for sustained release were prepared by a compound method, and implanted into chitosan conduits to repair 10-mm defects on the right buccal branches of the facial nerve in rabbits. In addition, chitosan conduits combined with nerve growth factor or normal saline, as well as autologous nerve, were used as controls. At 90 days post-surgery, the muscular atrophy on the right upper lip was more evident in the nerve growth factor and normal sa- line groups than in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups. Electro- physiological analysis revealed that the nerve conduction velocity and amplitude were significantly higher in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups than in the nerve growth factor and normal saline groups. Moreover, histological observation illustrated that the di- ameter, number, alignment and myelin sheath thickness of myelinated nerves derived from rabbits were higher in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups than in the nerve growth factor and normal saline groups. These findings indicate that chitosan nerve conduits com- bined with microspheres for sustained release of nerve growth factor can significantly improve facial nerve defect repair in rabbits.展开更多
In the background of the design and construction of Smart Grid Operation Supporting System for District Power Networks, this paper established the weighted fault probability model of the overhead line which is based o...In the background of the design and construction of Smart Grid Operation Supporting System for District Power Networks, this paper established the weighted fault probability model of the overhead line which is based on equipment operating status, utility theory and fuzzy theory. In this model, the proper membership function is adopted to describe the influence of lightning, wind speed, line ice and temperature, and the outage rate of overhead line, derived from historical statistics, is amended. Based on this model, the power supply risk analysis software is developed to calculate the online risk indicators of district grid, and provide real-time decision support information based on risk theory for scheduling operations personnel.展开更多
An ammonia-based system was used to selectively leach cobalt(Co)from an African high-silicon low-grade Co ore,and the other elemental impurities were inhibited from leaching in this process.This process was simple and...An ammonia-based system was used to selectively leach cobalt(Co)from an African high-silicon low-grade Co ore,and the other elemental impurities were inhibited from leaching in this process.This process was simple and environmentally friendly.The results revealed that the leaching ratio of Co can reach up to 95.61%using(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)as a leaching agent under the following materials and conditions:(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)concentration 300 g/L,reductant dosage 0.7 g,leaching temperature 353 K,reaction time 4 h,and liquid-solid ratio 6 mL/g.The leaching kinetics of Co showed that the apparent activation energy of Co leaching was 76.07 kJ/mol(i.e.,in the range of 40-300 kJ/mol).This indicated that the leaching of Co from the Co ore was controlled by an interfacial chemical reaction,and then the developed leaching kinetics model of the Co can be expressed as 1-(1-α)^(1/3)=28.01×10~3×r_0^(-1)×C_((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4))^(1.5)×exp(-76073/8.314 T)×t,whereαis the leaching ratio(%)of Co,r_0 is the average radius(m)of the Co ore particles,T is the temperature(K),and C_((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4))is the initial reactant concentration(kg/m^(3)).展开更多
A new record species Heterodera ripae was found in the rhizosphere soil of nettle(Urtica sp.)on the bank of the Mangniu River in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province,China.The new record species can be characterized by vul...A new record species Heterodera ripae was found in the rhizosphere soil of nettle(Urtica sp.)on the bank of the Mangniu River in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province,China.The new record species can be characterized by vulval cone bifenestrate with circular or subcircular semifenestrae,vulval slit length averaging 34.2μm,vulval bridge mostly broad,underbridge weak,bullae absent;the second-stage larvae stylet knobs rather wide and slightly projecting anteriorly,tail length averaging 43.7μm and hyaline region length averaging 22.3μm.展开更多
A new record species Heterodera ripae was found in the rhizosphere soil of nettle(Urtica sp.) on the bank of the Mangniu River in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province,China.The new record species can be characterized by vu...A new record species Heterodera ripae was found in the rhizosphere soil of nettle(Urtica sp.) on the bank of the Mangniu River in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province,China.The new record species can be characterized by vulval cone bifenestrate with circular or subcircular semifenestrae,vulval slit length averaging 34.2 μm,vulval bridge mostly broad,underbridge weak,bullae absent;the second-stage larvae stylet knobs rather wide and slightly projecting anteriorly,tail length averaging 43.7 μm and hyaline region length averaging 22.3 μm.展开更多
In this paper,the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method is employed in modeling and numerical simulation of droplet coalescence.Considering the effect of tangential force on boundary material,besides normal force...In this paper,the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method is employed in modeling and numerical simulation of droplet coalescence.Considering the effect of tangential force on boundary material,besides normal force,tangential force is also introduced in the continuum surface force(CSF)model.The formation of droplet,the coalescence processes of two droplets and three droplets are simulated by the modified CSF model.The validity of the modified model is verified from the aspects of the morphological change of the droplet,the smoothness of free surface and the conservation of the centroid of the system.Compared with finite element method,the results of the modified CSF model show that tangential force plays a crucial role in the CSF model when dealing with model boundary with curves and sharp angles.展开更多
In the background of the design and construction of Smart Grid Operation Supporting System for District Power Networks, this paper established the weighted fault probability model of the overhead line which is based o...In the background of the design and construction of Smart Grid Operation Supporting System for District Power Networks, this paper established the weighted fault probability model of the overhead line which is based on equipment operating status, utility theory and fuzzy theory. In this model, the proper membership function is adopted to describe the influence of lightning, wind speed, line ice and temperature, and the outage rate of overhead line, derived from historical statistics, is amended. Based on this model, the power supply risk analysis software is developed to calculate the online risk indicators of district grid, and provide real-time decision support information based on risk theory for scheduling operations personnel.展开更多
Solar-driven cross-coupling reactions by dual nickel/photocatalysis under mild conditions have received considerable attention.However,the existing photo/nickel dual catalytic cross-coupling reactions require the addi...Solar-driven cross-coupling reactions by dual nickel/photocatalysis under mild conditions have received considerable attention.However,the existing photo/nickel dual catalytic cross-coupling reactions require the addition of expensive photosensitizers and organic ligands,and the catalytic activity is inadequate.Herein,we report a nickel single-atom heterogeneous catalyst supported on mesoporous carbon nitride for photocatalytic C—O coupling reaction between 4-bromobenzonitrile and ethanol,affording 4-ethoxybenzonitrile in excellent yield compared to a semi-heterogeneous catalytic system.The catalytic system exhibits a broad substrate scope including ketones,aldehydes,esters,and amides.This work presents a simple and cost-effective strategy for anchoring metal single atoms onto carbon nitride,providing a new platform for enabling high-performance photocatalytic production of aryl ether compounds.展开更多
Human milk oligosaccharides(HMOs)are very distinctive components in human milk and are beneficial for infant health.Lacto-N-biose I(LNB)is the core structural unit of HMOs,which could be used for the synthesis of othe...Human milk oligosaccharides(HMOs)are very distinctive components in human milk and are beneficial for infant health.Lacto-N-biose I(LNB)is the core structural unit of HMOs,which could be used for the synthesis of other HMOs.In this study,an ATP-free in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem contained four thermostable enzymes(alpha-glucan phosphorylase from Thermococcus kodakarensis,UDP-glucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase from Thermotoga maritima,UDP-glucose 4-epimerase from T.maritima,lacto-N-biose phosphorylase from Clostridium thermobutyricum)were constructed for the biosynthesis of LNB from starch and N-acetylglucosamine(GlcNAc).Under the optimal conditions,0.75 g/L and 2.23 g/L LNB was produced from 1.1 g/L and 4.4 g/L GlcNAc and excess starch,with the molar yield of 39%and 29%based on the GlcNAc concentration,respectively,confirming the feasibility of this in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem for LNB synthesis and shedding light on the biosynthesis of other HMOs using LNB as the core structural unit from low cost polysaccharides.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1400700)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,China(2022NK2014)+2 种基金the Hunan Natural Science Foundation,China(2022JJ40234)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project of Hunan Province,China(2022CX1)the Changsha Natural Science Foundation,China(kq2202338).
文摘Plant virus causes massive crop losses globally.However,there is currently no effective measure to control plant viral disease.Previously,we identify an antiviral protein Rhp-PSP,produced by the bacterial Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain JSC-3b.In this study,we discover that the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP relies on its endoribonuclease activity.Converting the arginine(R)residue at position 129 onto alanine(A)abolishs its endoribonuclease activity on coat protein(CP)RNA of tobacco mosaic virus(TMV),consequentially,compromises the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP.Further investigation demonstrates that,the mutant Rhp-PSP^(R129A)is unable to form the homotrimer as the wild type,indicating the importance of quaternary junction for the endoribonuclease activity.Overexpression of Rhp-PSP in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly enhances the resistance against TMV of seedlings,while expression of Rhp-PSP^(R129A)did not,confirming that endoribonuclease activity is responsible for the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP.In addition,foliar spray of Rhp-PSP solution on tomato and pepper plants significantly reduces the disease index of viral diseases,indicating that Rhp-PSP shows potential to develop antiviral agent in practice.
文摘Droplet levitation and coalescence mechanisms have consistently been a focal point in scientific research.Fromthe perspective of molecular interactions,we investigated the influence of vapor pressure on the levitation andcoalescence of droplets.The evaporation of nanodroplets and liquid pools under different initial environmentswas simulated by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics.The study analyzed the effects of evaporation during theprocesses of droplet levitation and coalescence and determined the existence of the Knudsen layer.Knudsenlayers consisting of water molecules rather than clusters are generated during the evaporation.The definition,properties,and mechanisms of the layers were investigated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30872898,81371116the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7132173
文摘Microspheres containing nerve growth factor for sustained release were prepared by a compound method, and implanted into chitosan conduits to repair 10-mm defects on the right buccal branches of the facial nerve in rabbits. In addition, chitosan conduits combined with nerve growth factor or normal saline, as well as autologous nerve, were used as controls. At 90 days post-surgery, the muscular atrophy on the right upper lip was more evident in the nerve growth factor and normal sa- line groups than in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups. Electro- physiological analysis revealed that the nerve conduction velocity and amplitude were significantly higher in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups than in the nerve growth factor and normal saline groups. Moreover, histological observation illustrated that the di- ameter, number, alignment and myelin sheath thickness of myelinated nerves derived from rabbits were higher in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups than in the nerve growth factor and normal saline groups. These findings indicate that chitosan nerve conduits com- bined with microspheres for sustained release of nerve growth factor can significantly improve facial nerve defect repair in rabbits.
文摘In the background of the design and construction of Smart Grid Operation Supporting System for District Power Networks, this paper established the weighted fault probability model of the overhead line which is based on equipment operating status, utility theory and fuzzy theory. In this model, the proper membership function is adopted to describe the influence of lightning, wind speed, line ice and temperature, and the outage rate of overhead line, derived from historical statistics, is amended. Based on this model, the power supply risk analysis software is developed to calculate the online risk indicators of district grid, and provide real-time decision support information based on risk theory for scheduling operations personnel.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.51804136,52064021,51974140,and 52064018)the Key Projects of Jiangxi Key R&D Plan,China(No.20192ACB70017)+3 种基金the Jiangxi Provincial Cultivation Program for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Subjects,China(No.20204 BCJL23031)the Jiangxi Province Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(No.20202ACB213002)the Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,China(JXUSTQJBJ 2020004)the Distinguished Professor Program of Jinggang Scholars in institutions of higher learning,Jiangxi Province,China。
文摘An ammonia-based system was used to selectively leach cobalt(Co)from an African high-silicon low-grade Co ore,and the other elemental impurities were inhibited from leaching in this process.This process was simple and environmentally friendly.The results revealed that the leaching ratio of Co can reach up to 95.61%using(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)as a leaching agent under the following materials and conditions:(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)concentration 300 g/L,reductant dosage 0.7 g,leaching temperature 353 K,reaction time 4 h,and liquid-solid ratio 6 mL/g.The leaching kinetics of Co showed that the apparent activation energy of Co leaching was 76.07 kJ/mol(i.e.,in the range of 40-300 kJ/mol).This indicated that the leaching of Co from the Co ore was controlled by an interfacial chemical reaction,and then the developed leaching kinetics model of the Co can be expressed as 1-(1-α)^(1/3)=28.01×10~3×r_0^(-1)×C_((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4))^(1.5)×exp(-76073/8.314 T)×t,whereαis the leaching ratio(%)of Co,r_0 is the average radius(m)of the Co ore particles,T is the temperature(K),and C_((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4))is the initial reactant concentration(kg/m^(3)).
基金Agro-scientific Research in the public Interest(200903040-03)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04)。
文摘A new record species Heterodera ripae was found in the rhizosphere soil of nettle(Urtica sp.)on the bank of the Mangniu River in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province,China.The new record species can be characterized by vulval cone bifenestrate with circular or subcircular semifenestrae,vulval slit length averaging 34.2μm,vulval bridge mostly broad,underbridge weak,bullae absent;the second-stage larvae stylet knobs rather wide and slightly projecting anteriorly,tail length averaging 43.7μm and hyaline region length averaging 22.3μm.
基金Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the public Interest (200903040-03)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04)
文摘A new record species Heterodera ripae was found in the rhizosphere soil of nettle(Urtica sp.) on the bank of the Mangniu River in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province,China.The new record species can be characterized by vulval cone bifenestrate with circular or subcircular semifenestrae,vulval slit length averaging 34.2 μm,vulval bridge mostly broad,underbridge weak,bullae absent;the second-stage larvae stylet knobs rather wide and slightly projecting anteriorly,tail length averaging 43.7 μm and hyaline region length averaging 22.3 μm.
文摘In this paper,the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method is employed in modeling and numerical simulation of droplet coalescence.Considering the effect of tangential force on boundary material,besides normal force,tangential force is also introduced in the continuum surface force(CSF)model.The formation of droplet,the coalescence processes of two droplets and three droplets are simulated by the modified CSF model.The validity of the modified model is verified from the aspects of the morphological change of the droplet,the smoothness of free surface and the conservation of the centroid of the system.Compared with finite element method,the results of the modified CSF model show that tangential force plays a crucial role in the CSF model when dealing with model boundary with curves and sharp angles.
文摘In the background of the design and construction of Smart Grid Operation Supporting System for District Power Networks, this paper established the weighted fault probability model of the overhead line which is based on equipment operating status, utility theory and fuzzy theory. In this model, the proper membership function is adopted to describe the influence of lightning, wind speed, line ice and temperature, and the outage rate of overhead line, derived from historical statistics, is amended. Based on this model, the power supply risk analysis software is developed to calculate the online risk indicators of district grid, and provide real-time decision support information based on risk theory for scheduling operations personnel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22202105,22101133,22205113,22002043)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210608,BK20200768,BK20210626)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(21KJA150003,21KJB150027)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711645).
文摘Solar-driven cross-coupling reactions by dual nickel/photocatalysis under mild conditions have received considerable attention.However,the existing photo/nickel dual catalytic cross-coupling reactions require the addition of expensive photosensitizers and organic ligands,and the catalytic activity is inadequate.Herein,we report a nickel single-atom heterogeneous catalyst supported on mesoporous carbon nitride for photocatalytic C—O coupling reaction between 4-bromobenzonitrile and ethanol,affording 4-ethoxybenzonitrile in excellent yield compared to a semi-heterogeneous catalytic system.The catalytic system exhibits a broad substrate scope including ketones,aldehydes,esters,and amides.This work presents a simple and cost-effective strategy for anchoring metal single atoms onto carbon nitride,providing a new platform for enabling high-performance photocatalytic production of aryl ether compounds.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2102300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 32022044)the cooperation fund with Shandong Runde Biotechnology Co.,LTD.
文摘Human milk oligosaccharides(HMOs)are very distinctive components in human milk and are beneficial for infant health.Lacto-N-biose I(LNB)is the core structural unit of HMOs,which could be used for the synthesis of other HMOs.In this study,an ATP-free in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem contained four thermostable enzymes(alpha-glucan phosphorylase from Thermococcus kodakarensis,UDP-glucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase from Thermotoga maritima,UDP-glucose 4-epimerase from T.maritima,lacto-N-biose phosphorylase from Clostridium thermobutyricum)were constructed for the biosynthesis of LNB from starch and N-acetylglucosamine(GlcNAc).Under the optimal conditions,0.75 g/L and 2.23 g/L LNB was produced from 1.1 g/L and 4.4 g/L GlcNAc and excess starch,with the molar yield of 39%and 29%based on the GlcNAc concentration,respectively,confirming the feasibility of this in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem for LNB synthesis and shedding light on the biosynthesis of other HMOs using LNB as the core structural unit from low cost polysaccharides.
