Data-driven surrogate models that assist with efficient evolutionary algorithms to find the optimal development scheme have been widely used to solve reservoir production optimization problems.However,existing researc...Data-driven surrogate models that assist with efficient evolutionary algorithms to find the optimal development scheme have been widely used to solve reservoir production optimization problems.However,existing research suggests that the effectiveness of a surrogate model can vary depending on the complexity of the design problem.A surrogate model that has demonstrated success in one scenario may not perform as well in others.In the absence of prior knowledge,finding a promising surrogate model that performs well for an unknown reservoir is challenging.Moreover,the optimization process often relies on a single evolutionary algorithm,which can yield varying results across different cases.To address these limitations,this paper introduces a novel approach called the multi-surrogate framework with an adaptive selection mechanism(MSFASM)to tackle production optimization problems.MSFASM consists of two stages.In the first stage,a reduced-dimensional broad learning system(BLS)is used to adaptively select the evolutionary algorithm with the best performance during the current optimization period.In the second stage,the multi-objective algorithm,non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),is used as an optimizer to find a set of Pareto solutions with good performance on multiple surrogate models.A novel optimal point criterion is utilized in this stage to select the Pareto solutions,thereby obtaining the desired development schemes without increasing the computational load of the numerical simulator.The two stages are combined using sequential transfer learning.From the two most important perspectives of an evolutionary algorithm and a surrogate model,the proposed method improves adaptability to optimization problems of various reservoir types.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,four 100-dimensional benchmark functions and two reservoir models are tested,and the results are compared with those obtained by six other surrogate-model-based methods.The results demonstrate that our approach can obtain the maximum net present value(NPV)of the target production optimization problems.展开更多
In the production of the sucker rod well, the dynamic liquid level is important for the production efficiency and safety in the lifting process. It is influenced by multi-source data which need to be combined for the ...In the production of the sucker rod well, the dynamic liquid level is important for the production efficiency and safety in the lifting process. It is influenced by multi-source data which need to be combined for the dynamic liquid level real-time calculation. In this paper, the multi-source data are regarded as the different views including the load of the sucker rod and liquid in the wellbore, the image of the dynamometer card and production dynamics parameters. These views can be fused by the multi-branch neural network with special fusion layer. With this method, the features of different views can be extracted by considering the difference of the modality and physical meaning between them. Then, the extraction results which are selected by multinomial sampling can be the input of the fusion layer.During the fusion process, the availability under different views determines whether the views are fused in the fusion layer or not. In this way, not only the correlation between the views can be considered, but also the missing data can be processed automatically. The results have shown that the load and production features fusion(the method proposed in this paper) performs best with the lowest mean absolute error(MAE) 39.63 m, followed by the features concatenation with MAE 42.47 m. They both performed better than only a single view and the lower MAE of the features fusion indicates that its generalization ability is stronger. In contrast, the image feature as a single view contributes little to the accuracy improvement after fused with other views with the highest MAE. When there is data missing in some view, compared with the features concatenation, the multi-view features fusion will not result in the unavailability of a large number of samples. When the missing rate is 10%, 30%, 50% and 80%, the method proposed in this paper can reduce MAE by 5.8, 7, 9.3 and 20.3 m respectively. In general, the multi-view features fusion method proposed in this paper can improve the accuracy obviously and process the missing data effectively, which helps provide technical support for real-time monitoring of the dynamic liquid level in oil fields.展开更多
To assess whether a development strategy will be profitable enough,production forecasting is a crucial and difficult step in the process.The development history of other reservoirs in the same class tends to be studie...To assess whether a development strategy will be profitable enough,production forecasting is a crucial and difficult step in the process.The development history of other reservoirs in the same class tends to be studied to make predictions accurate.However,the permeability field,well patterns,and development regime must all be similar for two reservoirs to be considered in the same class.This results in very few available experiences from other reservoirs even though there is a lot of historical information on numerous reservoirs because it is difficult to find such similar reservoirs.This paper proposes a learn-to-learn method,which can better utilize a vast amount of historical data from various reservoirs.Intuitively,the proposed method first learns how to learn samples before directly learning rules in samples.Technically,by utilizing gradients from networks with independent parameters and copied structure in each class of reservoirs,the proposed network obtains the optimal shared initial parameters which are regarded as transferable information across different classes.Based on that,the network is able to predict future production indices for the target reservoir by only training with very limited samples collected from reservoirs in the same class.Two cases further demonstrate its superiority in accuracy to other widely-used network methods.展开更多
This study compared Sheng Xue Ning(SXN)tablets with ferrous succinate(FS)tablets in terms of their efficacy for the treatment of iron-deficient renal anemia and safety in patients subject to maintenance hemodialysis(M...This study compared Sheng Xue Ning(SXN)tablets with ferrous succinate(FS)tablets in terms of their efficacy for the treatment of iron-deficient renal anemia and safety in patients subject to maintenance hemodialysis(MHD).A total of 94 patients undergoing MHD were randomly assigned to an experiment group(receiving oral SXN tablcts,SXN group)and a control group(orally given FS tablets,FS group)and followed up for 12 weeks.Erythropoietin(EPO)was used in both groups.The eficacy was assessed by detecting the subsequent changes in hemoglobin(Hb),serum iron(SI),SF and transferrin saturation(TSAT).At the 12th week,Hb and TSAT levels in both groups were significantly increased compared to those in the screening period(P<0.05).However,no significant difference in Hb and TSAT was found between the two groups.The average weekly EPO dosage used was lower in SXN group than in FS group(P<0.05)at the 10th week and the 12th week.Our study showed that SXN tablets can effectively ameliorate renal anemia and keep iron metabolism stable in MHD patients,and its efficacy is virtually close to that of FS tablets.Meanwhile,SXN tablets can reduce the dosage of EPO and have a good safety profile.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intestinal micro-ecological imbalances impair the intestinal barrier and induce intestinal inflammation,for example,ulcerative colitis(UC).According to the latest research,abnormalities in intestinal microb...BACKGROUND Intestinal micro-ecological imbalances impair the intestinal barrier and induce intestinal inflammation,for example,ulcerative colitis(UC).According to the latest research,abnormalities in intestinal microbiota structure and their metabolites play a dominant role in UC progression;in addition,they could affect the mucus barrier based on different factors.Although numerous studies have confirmed the important role of intestinal microbiota in UC pathogenesis,the intricate connection between microbiota and metabolites and mucus barrier in UC occurrence remains unclear,and correlation analyses of differential microbiota and their metabolites under UC are relatively scarce.AIM To reveal the differential intestinal microbiota and metabolites in UC pathogenesis and explore more sensitive biomarker compositions.METHODS We used the antibiotic combination method to establish intestinal pseudo-aseptic mice;afterward,dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)was applied to establish an acute experimental colitis mice model.Colitis severity,assessed based on disease activity index,colorectal length,colorectal wet weight,and histological lesions,and mucus-related staining(mucopolysaccharide alcian blue and immunofluorescence of mucin),was compared between the pseudo-aseptic and bacterial colitis mice.Finally,differential intestinal microbiota,metabolites,and their association and correlations,were analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing in combination with non-targeted metabolomics,through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.RESULTS Compared with the pseudo-aseptic mice,intestinal bacteria positive mice were more severely ill and their intestinal mucus loss was more pronounced in DSS-induced colitis(P<0.05),suggesting that different microbiota and metabolites could cause the different degrees of colitis.Subsequently,we observed that in addition to Klebsiella,and Bacteroides,which were widely associated with colitis,Candidatus Stoquefichus,Anaerobiospirillum,Muribaculum,and Negativibacillus may be involved in protection against colitis.Furthermore,differential metabolites of the microbiota were mainly enriched in the synthesis-related pathways of key structural sequences of mucin.In combination with the mucin-related staining and immunofluorescence results,the findings indicate that the differential microbiota and their metabolites potentially regulate the composition and function of mucus under colitis.CONCLUSION Microbiota and their metabolites are major factors regulating the composition and function of mucus,in turn influencing the function and structure of intestinal mucus barrier under colitis.The different microbiota and metabolites identified in the present study could be novel biomarkers for colitis.展开更多
BACKGROUND The poor prognosis and rising incidence of esophageal cancer highlight the need for improved therapeutics that are essential prior to treatment.LCL161 is an SMAC(second mitochondrial activator of caspases)m...BACKGROUND The poor prognosis and rising incidence of esophageal cancer highlight the need for improved therapeutics that are essential prior to treatment.LCL161 is an SMAC(second mitochondrial activator of caspases)mimic and inhibitor of apoptosis protein(IAP)antagonist which exhibits anti-tumor effects and improves the chemical sensitivity of many cancers.AIM To ascertain the effects and mechanisms of the SMAC analog LCL161 on esophageal cancer cells.METHODS MTT assay and TUNEL assay were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis,respectively.Western blot analysis was used to study the molecular mechanisms of LCL161-induced death of ECA109 cells.RESULTS LCL161 decreased ECA109 cell proliferation in dose-and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis of ECA109 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Also,LCL161 induced a significant decrease in the expression of the XIAP and significant increase in the expression of Caspase-3.In addition,Bax increased significantly with increasing concentrations of LCL161,and the relative expression of Bax was significantly different between groups.CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that LCL161 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by regulating the expression of IAP family members,suggesting that it has potential to be an effective treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.展开更多
Production optimization has gained increasing attention from the smart oilfield community because it can increase economic benefits and oil recovery substantially.While existing methods could produce high-optimality r...Production optimization has gained increasing attention from the smart oilfield community because it can increase economic benefits and oil recovery substantially.While existing methods could produce high-optimality results,they cannot be applied to real-time optimization for large-scale reservoirs due to high computational demands.In addition,most methods generally assume that the reservoir model is deterministic and ignore the uncertainty of the subsurface environment,making the obtained scheme unreliable for practical deployment.In this work,an efficient and robust method,namely evolutionaryassisted reinforcement learning(EARL),is proposed to achieve real-time production optimization under uncertainty.Specifically,the production optimization problem is modeled as a Markov decision process in which a reinforcement learning agent interacts with the reservoir simulator to train a control policy that maximizes the specified goals.To deal with the problems of brittle convergence properties and lack of efficient exploration strategies of reinforcement learning approaches,a population-based evolutionary algorithm is introduced to assist the training of agents,which provides diverse exploration experiences and promotes stability and robustness due to its inherent redundancy.Compared with prior methods that only optimize a solution for a particular scenario,the proposed approach trains a policy that can adapt to uncertain environments and make real-time decisions to cope with unknown changes.The trained policy,represented by a deep convolutional neural network,can adaptively adjust the well controls based on different reservoir states.Simulation results on two reservoir models show that the proposed approach not only outperforms the RL and EA methods in terms of optimization efficiency but also has strong robustness and real-time decision capacity.展开更多
In practical development of unconventional reservoirs,fracture networks are a highly conductive transport media for subsurface fluid flow.Therefore,it is crucial to clearly determine the fracture properties used in pr...In practical development of unconventional reservoirs,fracture networks are a highly conductive transport media for subsurface fluid flow.Therefore,it is crucial to clearly determine the fracture properties used in production forecast.However,it is different to calibrate the properties of fracture networks because it is an inverse problem with multi-patterns and highcomplexity of fracture distribution and inherent defect of multiplicity of solution.In this paper,in order to solve the problem,the complex fracture model is divided into two sub-systems,namely"Pattern A"and"Pattern B."In addition,the generation method is grouped into two categories.Firstly,we construct each sub-system based on the probability density function of the fracture properties.Secondly,we recombine the sub-systems into an integral complex fracture system.Based on the generation mechanism,the estimation of the complex fracture from dynamic performance and observation data can be solved as an inverse problem.In this study,the Bayesian formulation is used to quantify the uncertainty of fracture properties.To minimize observation data misfit immediately as it occurs,we optimize the updated properties by a simultaneous perturbation stochastic algorithm which requires only two measurements of the loss function.In numerical experiments,we firstly visualize that small-scale fractures significantly contribute to the flow simulation.Then,we demonstrate the suitability and effectiveness of the Bayesian formulation for calibrating the complex fracture model in the following simulation.展开更多
Summary:In late December 2019,COVID-19 was firstly recognized in Wuhan,China and spread rapidly to all of the provinces of China.The West Campus of Wuhan Union Hospital,the designated hospital to admit and treat the s...Summary:In late December 2019,COVID-19 was firstly recognized in Wuhan,China and spread rapidly to all of the provinces of China.The West Campus of Wuhan Union Hospital,the designated hospital to admit and treat the severe and critically ill COVID-19 cases,has treated a large number of such patients with great success and obtained lots of valuable experiences based on the Chinese guideline(V7.0).To standardize and share the treatment procedures of severe and critically ill cases,Wuhan Union Hospital has established a working group and formulated an operational recommendation,including the monitoring,early warning indicators,and several treatment principles for severe and critically ill cases.The treatment experiences may provide some constructive suggestions for treating the severe and critically ill COVID-19 cases all over the world.展开更多
The attempt to represent a signal simultaneously in time and frequency domains is full of challenges. The recently proposed adaptive Fourier decomposition （AFD） offers a practical approach to solve this problem. Thi...The attempt to represent a signal simultaneously in time and frequency domains is full of challenges. The recently proposed adaptive Fourier decomposition （AFD） offers a practical approach to solve this problem. This paper presents the principles of the AFD based time-frequency analysis in three aspects： instantaneous frequency analysis, frequency spectrum analysis, and the spectrogram analysis. An experiment is conducted and compared with the Fourier transform in convergence rate and short-time Fourier transform in time-frequency distribution. The proposed approach performs better than both the Fourier transform and short-time Fourier transform.展开更多
Translocator protein has received attention for its involvement in the pathogenesis of depression. This study assessed the effects of the new translocator protein ligand, YL-IPA08, on alleviating inflammation-induced ...Translocator protein has received attention for its involvement in the pathogenesis of depression. This study assessed the effects of the new translocator protein ligand, YL-IPA08, on alleviating inflammation-induced depression-like behavior in mice and investigated its mechanism of action. Mice were intracerebroventricularly injected with 1, 10, 100 or 1000 ng lipopolysaccharide. The tail-suspension test and the forced swimming test confirmed that 100 ng lipopolysaccharide induced depression-like behavior. A mouse model was then established by intraventricular injection of 100 ng lipopolysaccharide. On days 16-24 after model establishment, mice were intragastrically administered 3 mg/kg YL-IPA08 daily. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine BrdU and NeuN expression in the hippocampus. YL-IPA08 effectively reversed the depression-like behavior of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice, restored body mass, increased the number of BrdU-positive cells, and the number and proportion of BrdU and NeuN double-positive cells. These findings indicate that YL-IPA08 can attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior in mice by promoting the formation of hippocampal neurons.展开更多
CICATRICIAL pemphigoid （CP, also known as benign mucous membrane pemphigoid） is a rare chronic autoimmune subepithelial blister- ing disease, with an incidence of 1 per million,characterized by erosive lesions of mu...CICATRICIAL pemphigoid （CP, also known as benign mucous membrane pemphigoid） is a rare chronic autoimmune subepithelial blister- ing disease, with an incidence of 1 per million,characterized by erosive lesions of mucous membranes and skin that result in scarring. Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is a symmetric inflammatory arthritis that mainly affects the small joints of hands and feet, with a prevalence of 0.3% in China.3 In this case report we described the diagnosis of and treatment for a patient developing CP 18 years after the onset of RA, a combination rarely encountered or reported so far.展开更多
Objective:Pseudolaric acid B(PB)is a newly identified diterpenoid isolated from Tujinpi(Cortex Pseudolaricis).In the present study,we aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of PB on atopic dermatitis(AD),as we...Objective:Pseudolaric acid B(PB)is a newly identified diterpenoid isolated from Tujinpi(Cortex Pseudolaricis).In the present study,we aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of PB on atopic dermatitis(AD),as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects.Methods:BALB/c mice treated with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene were orally administered with PB(10 mg?kg-1?d-1).After evaluating the AD score,serum levels of IgE and the mRNA expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1βwere measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR respectively.Results:The results showed that PB treatment significantly ameliorated the development of AD-like clinical symptoms and effectively suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells.Furthermore,PB inhibited the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1βin skin lesions,and downregulated serum IgE levels.Conclusion:The anti-inflammatory properties of PB were demonstrated using the 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced mouse model of AD-like skin lesions.Our study highlighted the potential use of PB as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation-associated skin diseases.展开更多
Background:Despite the efficacy of absolute ethanol(EtOH),its radiolucency introduces several risks in interventional therapy for treating vascular malformations.This study aims to develop a novel radiopaque ethanol i...Background:Despite the efficacy of absolute ethanol(EtOH),its radiolucency introduces several risks in interventional therapy for treating vascular malformations.This study aims to develop a novel radiopaque ethanol injection(REI)to address this issue.Methods:Iopromide is mixed with ethanol to achieve radiopacity and improve the physicochemical properties of the solution.Overall,82 male New Zealand white rabbits are selected for in vivo radiopacity testing,peripheral vein sclerosis[animals were divided into the following 5 groups(n=6):negative control(NC,saline,0.250 ml/kg),positive control(EtOH,0.250 ml/kg),low-dose REI(L-D REI,0.125 ml/kg),moderate-dose REI(M-D REI,0.250 ml/kg),and highdose REI(H-D REI 0.375 ml/kg)],pharmacokinetic analyses(the blood sample was harvested before injection,5 min,10 min,20 min,40 min,1 h,2 h,4 h,and 8 h after injection in peripheral vein sclerosis experiment),peripheral artery embolization[animals were divided into the following 5 groups(n=3):NC(saline,0.250 ml/kg),positive control(EtOH,0.250 ml/kg),L-D REI(0.125 ml/kg),M-D REI(0.250 ml/kg),and H-D REI(0.375 ml/kg)],kidney transcatheter arterial embolization[animals were divided into the following 4 groups(n=3):positive control(EtOH,0.250 ml/kg),L-D REI(0.125 ml/kg),M-D REI(0.250 ml/kg),and H-D REI(0.375 ml/kg);each healthy kidney was injected with saline as negative control],and biosafety evaluations[animals were divided into the following 5 groups(n=3):NC(0.250 ml/kg),high-dose EtOH(0.375 ml/kg),L-D REI(0.125 ml/kg),M-D REI(0.250 ml/kg),and H-D REI(0.375 ml/kg)].Then,a prospective cohort study involving 6 patients with peripheral venous malformations(VMs)is performed to explore the clinical safety and effectiveness of REI.From Jun 1,2023 to August 31,2023,6 patients[age:(33.3±17.2)years]with lingual VMs received sclerotherapy of REI and 2-month follow-up.Adverse events and serious adverse events were evaluated,whereas the efficacy of REI was determined by both the traceability of the REI under DSA throughout the entire injection and the therapeutic effect 2 months after a single injection.Results:The REI contains 81.4%ethanol(v/v)and 111.3 mg/ml iodine,which can be traced throughout the injection in the animals and patients.The REI also exerts a similar effect as EtOH on peripheral venous sclerosis,peripheral arterial embolization,and renal embolization.Furthermore,the REI can be metabolized at a similar rate compared to EtOH and Ultravist^(®)and did not cause injury to the animals’heart,liver,spleen,lungs,kidneys and brain.No REIrelated adverse effects have occurred during sclerotherapy of VMs,and 4/6 patients(66.7%)have achieved complete response at follow-up.Conclusion:In conclusion,REI is safe,exerts therapeutic effects,and compensates for the radiolucency of EtOH in treating VMs.Trial registration:The clinical trial was registered as No.ChiCTR2300071751 on May 242023.展开更多
Background Patient safety has been gained much more attention in recent years.The authors reviewed patients who had cardiac arrest in the operating rooms undergoing noncardiac surgery between January 1989 and December...Background Patient safety has been gained much more attention in recent years.The authors reviewed patients who had cardiac arrest in the operating rooms undergoing noncardiac surgery between January 1989 and December 2001 at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,USA.The main objectives of the study were to determine the incidence of intraoperative cardiac arrest,to identify possible causes of cardiac arrest and to explore amenable modifications.Methods With approval by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board,patients experienced cardiac arrest during surgery were retrieved from medical records,surgical operation and anesthesia records and pathological reports by searching the Medical Archival Retrieval System （MARS）,a hospital electronic searching system.Cases of cardiac arrest were collected over a period of thirteen years from the Pre byteria University Hospital （PUH）,USA.Results We found 23 cases of intraoperative cardiac arrests occurred in 218 274 anesthesia cases （1.1 per 10 000）.Fourteen patients （60.8%） died in the operating room,leading to a mortality rate from all causes of 0.64 per 10 000 anesthetics.Immediate overall survival rate after arrest was 39% （9/23）.Half of the patients （12/23） were emergency cases with 41% survival rate （5/12）.One fourth of the arrests were trauma patients （6/23）.Most arrest patients （87%,20/23） were American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status （ASA PS） Ⅳ and Ⅴ,while only three patients were ASA PS-Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,respectively.One case was attributable to an anesthesia-related cardiac arrest and recovered after successful resuscitation.Conclusions Most intraoperative cardiac arrests were not due to anesthesia-related causes.Anesthesia-related cardiac arrests might have a higher survival rate when compared to other possible causes of cardiac arrest in the operating room.展开更多
Photosensitizer （photosan）-encapsulated micelles were prepared by self-assembly of Photosan with two amphiphilic polysaccharide derivatives, including the cholesteryl conjugated sodium alginate derivative （CSAD） a...Photosensitizer （photosan）-encapsulated micelles were prepared by self-assembly of Photosan with two amphiphilic polysaccharide derivatives, including the cholesteryl conjugated sodium alginate derivative （CSAD） and the deoxycholic acid group conjugated chitosan derivative （DA-Chit）. The results of UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the hydrogen bonding strength dominated the micelle formation. Methyl viologen was used as a model quencher of photosan. Using the steady-state fluorescence technology, the quenching constants were determined to be 2.05, 1.88 and 0.30 L/mmol for the free photosan, the photosan-CSAD micelle and the photosan-DA-Chit micelle, respectively. This suggested that photosan was protected from quenching of methyl viologen by the polysaccharide micelles. In addition, the protection effect of the photosan-DA-Chit micelle was significantly stronger than that of the photosan-CSAD micelle. The photosan-DA-Chit micelle is thus anticipated for protection of photoactivity of photosan during the blood circulation process in vivo.展开更多
We investigate a novel Smith–Purcell terahertz source. This device is composed of an electron gun, a cylindrical resonator, a metallic grating, and a collector. The characteristics of the Smith–Purcell terahertz sou...We investigate a novel Smith–Purcell terahertz source. This device is composed of an electron gun, a cylindrical resonator, a metallic grating, and a collector. The characteristics of the Smith–Purcell terahertz source are discussed with the help of three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. In this device, coherent and high-power Smith–Purcell radiation(SPR) at the terahertz frequency range can be produced for the reasonable parameters of charge energy and grating. Our results indicate that coherent SPR at 506.529 GHz with a power around 1000 W can be obtained for a grating of period l=0.3 mm operating at the beam energy E=50 keV and beam current I=10 A.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52274057,52074340 and 51874335the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC under Grant ZD2019-183-008+2 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNOOC under Grant CCL2022RCPS0397RSNthe Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of University in Shandong Province under Grant 2019KJH002111 Project under Grant B08028.
文摘Data-driven surrogate models that assist with efficient evolutionary algorithms to find the optimal development scheme have been widely used to solve reservoir production optimization problems.However,existing research suggests that the effectiveness of a surrogate model can vary depending on the complexity of the design problem.A surrogate model that has demonstrated success in one scenario may not perform as well in others.In the absence of prior knowledge,finding a promising surrogate model that performs well for an unknown reservoir is challenging.Moreover,the optimization process often relies on a single evolutionary algorithm,which can yield varying results across different cases.To address these limitations,this paper introduces a novel approach called the multi-surrogate framework with an adaptive selection mechanism(MSFASM)to tackle production optimization problems.MSFASM consists of two stages.In the first stage,a reduced-dimensional broad learning system(BLS)is used to adaptively select the evolutionary algorithm with the best performance during the current optimization period.In the second stage,the multi-objective algorithm,non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),is used as an optimizer to find a set of Pareto solutions with good performance on multiple surrogate models.A novel optimal point criterion is utilized in this stage to select the Pareto solutions,thereby obtaining the desired development schemes without increasing the computational load of the numerical simulator.The two stages are combined using sequential transfer learning.From the two most important perspectives of an evolutionary algorithm and a surrogate model,the proposed method improves adaptability to optimization problems of various reservoir types.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,four 100-dimensional benchmark functions and two reservoir models are tested,and the results are compared with those obtained by six other surrogate-model-based methods.The results demonstrate that our approach can obtain the maximum net present value(NPV)of the target production optimization problems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52325402, 52274057, 52074340 and 51874335the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2023YFB4104200+1 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNOOC under Grant CCL2022RCPS0397RSN111 Project under Grant B08028。
文摘In the production of the sucker rod well, the dynamic liquid level is important for the production efficiency and safety in the lifting process. It is influenced by multi-source data which need to be combined for the dynamic liquid level real-time calculation. In this paper, the multi-source data are regarded as the different views including the load of the sucker rod and liquid in the wellbore, the image of the dynamometer card and production dynamics parameters. These views can be fused by the multi-branch neural network with special fusion layer. With this method, the features of different views can be extracted by considering the difference of the modality and physical meaning between them. Then, the extraction results which are selected by multinomial sampling can be the input of the fusion layer.During the fusion process, the availability under different views determines whether the views are fused in the fusion layer or not. In this way, not only the correlation between the views can be considered, but also the missing data can be processed automatically. The results have shown that the load and production features fusion(the method proposed in this paper) performs best with the lowest mean absolute error(MAE) 39.63 m, followed by the features concatenation with MAE 42.47 m. They both performed better than only a single view and the lower MAE of the features fusion indicates that its generalization ability is stronger. In contrast, the image feature as a single view contributes little to the accuracy improvement after fused with other views with the highest MAE. When there is data missing in some view, compared with the features concatenation, the multi-view features fusion will not result in the unavailability of a large number of samples. When the missing rate is 10%, 30%, 50% and 80%, the method proposed in this paper can reduce MAE by 5.8, 7, 9.3 and 20.3 m respectively. In general, the multi-view features fusion method proposed in this paper can improve the accuracy obviously and process the missing data effectively, which helps provide technical support for real-time monitoring of the dynamic liquid level in oil fields.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52274057,52074340 and 51874335the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC under Grant ZD2019-183-008+2 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNOOC under Grant CCL2022RCPS0397RSNthe Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of University in Shandong Province under Grant 2019KJH002111 Project under Grant B08028.
文摘To assess whether a development strategy will be profitable enough,production forecasting is a crucial and difficult step in the process.The development history of other reservoirs in the same class tends to be studied to make predictions accurate.However,the permeability field,well patterns,and development regime must all be similar for two reservoirs to be considered in the same class.This results in very few available experiences from other reservoirs even though there is a lot of historical information on numerous reservoirs because it is difficult to find such similar reservoirs.This paper proposes a learn-to-learn method,which can better utilize a vast amount of historical data from various reservoirs.Intuitively,the proposed method first learns how to learn samples before directly learning rules in samples.Technically,by utilizing gradients from networks with independent parameters and copied structure in each class of reservoirs,the proposed network obtains the optimal shared initial parameters which are regarded as transferable information across different classes.Based on that,the network is able to predict future production indices for the target reservoir by only training with very limited samples collected from reservoirs in the same class.Two cases further demonstrate its superiority in accuracy to other widely-used network methods.
文摘This study compared Sheng Xue Ning(SXN)tablets with ferrous succinate(FS)tablets in terms of their efficacy for the treatment of iron-deficient renal anemia and safety in patients subject to maintenance hemodialysis(MHD).A total of 94 patients undergoing MHD were randomly assigned to an experiment group(receiving oral SXN tablcts,SXN group)and a control group(orally given FS tablets,FS group)and followed up for 12 weeks.Erythropoietin(EPO)was used in both groups.The eficacy was assessed by detecting the subsequent changes in hemoglobin(Hb),serum iron(SI),SF and transferrin saturation(TSAT).At the 12th week,Hb and TSAT levels in both groups were significantly increased compared to those in the screening period(P<0.05).However,no significant difference in Hb and TSAT was found between the two groups.The average weekly EPO dosage used was lower in SXN group than in FS group(P<0.05)at the 10th week and the 12th week.Our study showed that SXN tablets can effectively ameliorate renal anemia and keep iron metabolism stable in MHD patients,and its efficacy is virtually close to that of FS tablets.Meanwhile,SXN tablets can reduce the dosage of EPO and have a good safety profile.
基金Supported by the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Key R&D Program of China,No. 2018YFC1705405Scientific Research Innovation Team Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,No. 2019-JYB-TD004+1 种基金New Faculty Startup Fund Program of BUCM,No. 2022-JYB-XJSJJ078National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 82004113
文摘BACKGROUND Intestinal micro-ecological imbalances impair the intestinal barrier and induce intestinal inflammation,for example,ulcerative colitis(UC).According to the latest research,abnormalities in intestinal microbiota structure and their metabolites play a dominant role in UC progression;in addition,they could affect the mucus barrier based on different factors.Although numerous studies have confirmed the important role of intestinal microbiota in UC pathogenesis,the intricate connection between microbiota and metabolites and mucus barrier in UC occurrence remains unclear,and correlation analyses of differential microbiota and their metabolites under UC are relatively scarce.AIM To reveal the differential intestinal microbiota and metabolites in UC pathogenesis and explore more sensitive biomarker compositions.METHODS We used the antibiotic combination method to establish intestinal pseudo-aseptic mice;afterward,dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)was applied to establish an acute experimental colitis mice model.Colitis severity,assessed based on disease activity index,colorectal length,colorectal wet weight,and histological lesions,and mucus-related staining(mucopolysaccharide alcian blue and immunofluorescence of mucin),was compared between the pseudo-aseptic and bacterial colitis mice.Finally,differential intestinal microbiota,metabolites,and their association and correlations,were analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing in combination with non-targeted metabolomics,through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.RESULTS Compared with the pseudo-aseptic mice,intestinal bacteria positive mice were more severely ill and their intestinal mucus loss was more pronounced in DSS-induced colitis(P<0.05),suggesting that different microbiota and metabolites could cause the different degrees of colitis.Subsequently,we observed that in addition to Klebsiella,and Bacteroides,which were widely associated with colitis,Candidatus Stoquefichus,Anaerobiospirillum,Muribaculum,and Negativibacillus may be involved in protection against colitis.Furthermore,differential metabolites of the microbiota were mainly enriched in the synthesis-related pathways of key structural sequences of mucin.In combination with the mucin-related staining and immunofluorescence results,the findings indicate that the differential microbiota and their metabolites potentially regulate the composition and function of mucus under colitis.CONCLUSION Microbiota and their metabolites are major factors regulating the composition and function of mucus,in turn influencing the function and structure of intestinal mucus barrier under colitis.The different microbiota and metabolites identified in the present study could be novel biomarkers for colitis.
文摘BACKGROUND The poor prognosis and rising incidence of esophageal cancer highlight the need for improved therapeutics that are essential prior to treatment.LCL161 is an SMAC(second mitochondrial activator of caspases)mimic and inhibitor of apoptosis protein(IAP)antagonist which exhibits anti-tumor effects and improves the chemical sensitivity of many cancers.AIM To ascertain the effects and mechanisms of the SMAC analog LCL161 on esophageal cancer cells.METHODS MTT assay and TUNEL assay were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis,respectively.Western blot analysis was used to study the molecular mechanisms of LCL161-induced death of ECA109 cells.RESULTS LCL161 decreased ECA109 cell proliferation in dose-and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis of ECA109 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Also,LCL161 induced a significant decrease in the expression of the XIAP and significant increase in the expression of Caspase-3.In addition,Bax increased significantly with increasing concentrations of LCL161,and the relative expression of Bax was significantly different between groups.CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that LCL161 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by regulating the expression of IAP family members,suggesting that it has potential to be an effective treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52274057,52074340 and 51874335the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC under Grant ZD2019-183-008the Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of University in Shandong Province under Grant 2019KJH002,111 Project under Grant B08028.
文摘Production optimization has gained increasing attention from the smart oilfield community because it can increase economic benefits and oil recovery substantially.While existing methods could produce high-optimality results,they cannot be applied to real-time optimization for large-scale reservoirs due to high computational demands.In addition,most methods generally assume that the reservoir model is deterministic and ignore the uncertainty of the subsurface environment,making the obtained scheme unreliable for practical deployment.In this work,an efficient and robust method,namely evolutionaryassisted reinforcement learning(EARL),is proposed to achieve real-time production optimization under uncertainty.Specifically,the production optimization problem is modeled as a Markov decision process in which a reinforcement learning agent interacts with the reservoir simulator to train a control policy that maximizes the specified goals.To deal with the problems of brittle convergence properties and lack of efficient exploration strategies of reinforcement learning approaches,a population-based evolutionary algorithm is introduced to assist the training of agents,which provides diverse exploration experiences and promotes stability and robustness due to its inherent redundancy.Compared with prior methods that only optimize a solution for a particular scenario,the proposed approach trains a policy that can adapt to uncertain environments and make real-time decisions to cope with unknown changes.The trained policy,represented by a deep convolutional neural network,can adaptively adjust the well controls based on different reservoir states.Simulation results on two reservoir models show that the proposed approach not only outperforms the RL and EA methods in terms of optimization efficiency but also has strong robustness and real-time decision capacity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51722406,61573018 and 51874335)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant JQ201808)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant 18CX02097A)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant 2016ZX05025001-006)
文摘In practical development of unconventional reservoirs,fracture networks are a highly conductive transport media for subsurface fluid flow.Therefore,it is crucial to clearly determine the fracture properties used in production forecast.However,it is different to calibrate the properties of fracture networks because it is an inverse problem with multi-patterns and highcomplexity of fracture distribution and inherent defect of multiplicity of solution.In this paper,in order to solve the problem,the complex fracture model is divided into two sub-systems,namely"Pattern A"and"Pattern B."In addition,the generation method is grouped into two categories.Firstly,we construct each sub-system based on the probability density function of the fracture properties.Secondly,we recombine the sub-systems into an integral complex fracture system.Based on the generation mechanism,the estimation of the complex fracture from dynamic performance and observation data can be solved as an inverse problem.In this study,the Bayesian formulation is used to quantify the uncertainty of fracture properties.To minimize observation data misfit immediately as it occurs,we optimize the updated properties by a simultaneous perturbation stochastic algorithm which requires only two measurements of the loss function.In numerical experiments,we firstly visualize that small-scale fractures significantly contribute to the flow simulation.Then,we demonstrate the suitability and effectiveness of the Bayesian formulation for calibrating the complex fracture model in the following simulation.
基金The work was supported by COVID-19 Emergency Scientific Research Project of Science and Technology Department,Hubei Province(No.2020FCA041).
文摘Summary:In late December 2019,COVID-19 was firstly recognized in Wuhan,China and spread rapidly to all of the provinces of China.The West Campus of Wuhan Union Hospital,the designated hospital to admit and treat the severe and critically ill COVID-19 cases,has treated a large number of such patients with great success and obtained lots of valuable experiences based on the Chinese guideline(V7.0).To standardize and share the treatment procedures of severe and critically ill cases,Wuhan Union Hospital has established a working group and formulated an operational recommendation,including the monitoring,early warning indicators,and several treatment principles for severe and critically ill cases.The treatment experiences may provide some constructive suggestions for treating the severe and critically ill COVID-19 cases all over the world.
基金supported by the UM Multi-Year Research Grant under Grant No.MYRG144(Y3-L2)-FST11-ZLM
文摘The attempt to represent a signal simultaneously in time and frequency domains is full of challenges. The recently proposed adaptive Fourier decomposition （AFD） offers a practical approach to solve this problem. This paper presents the principles of the AFD based time-frequency analysis in three aspects： instantaneous frequency analysis, frequency spectrum analysis, and the spectrogram analysis. An experiment is conducted and compared with the Fourier transform in convergence rate and short-time Fourier transform in time-frequency distribution. The proposed approach performs better than both the Fourier transform and short-time Fourier transform.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.8167050047
文摘Translocator protein has received attention for its involvement in the pathogenesis of depression. This study assessed the effects of the new translocator protein ligand, YL-IPA08, on alleviating inflammation-induced depression-like behavior in mice and investigated its mechanism of action. Mice were intracerebroventricularly injected with 1, 10, 100 or 1000 ng lipopolysaccharide. The tail-suspension test and the forced swimming test confirmed that 100 ng lipopolysaccharide induced depression-like behavior. A mouse model was then established by intraventricular injection of 100 ng lipopolysaccharide. On days 16-24 after model establishment, mice were intragastrically administered 3 mg/kg YL-IPA08 daily. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine BrdU and NeuN expression in the hippocampus. YL-IPA08 effectively reversed the depression-like behavior of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice, restored body mass, increased the number of BrdU-positive cells, and the number and proportion of BrdU and NeuN double-positive cells. These findings indicate that YL-IPA08 can attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior in mice by promoting the formation of hippocampal neurons.
文摘CICATRICIAL pemphigoid （CP, also known as benign mucous membrane pemphigoid） is a rare chronic autoimmune subepithelial blister- ing disease, with an incidence of 1 per million,characterized by erosive lesions of mucous membranes and skin that result in scarring. Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is a symmetric inflammatory arthritis that mainly affects the small joints of hands and feet, with a prevalence of 0.3% in China.3 In this case report we described the diagnosis of and treatment for a patient developing CP 18 years after the onset of RA, a combination rarely encountered or reported so far.
基金grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81202843)Science Foundation of Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force(WHJ2016013).
文摘Objective:Pseudolaric acid B(PB)is a newly identified diterpenoid isolated from Tujinpi(Cortex Pseudolaricis).In the present study,we aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of PB on atopic dermatitis(AD),as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects.Methods:BALB/c mice treated with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene were orally administered with PB(10 mg?kg-1?d-1).After evaluating the AD score,serum levels of IgE and the mRNA expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1βwere measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR respectively.Results:The results showed that PB treatment significantly ameliorated the development of AD-like clinical symptoms and effectively suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells.Furthermore,PB inhibited the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1βin skin lesions,and downregulated serum IgE levels.Conclusion:The anti-inflammatory properties of PB were demonstrated using the 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced mouse model of AD-like skin lesions.Our study highlighted the potential use of PB as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation-associated skin diseases.
基金supported by the Transverse Research Project of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital(JYHX2022007)the Clinical Research Program of Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(JYLJ202111).
文摘Background:Despite the efficacy of absolute ethanol(EtOH),its radiolucency introduces several risks in interventional therapy for treating vascular malformations.This study aims to develop a novel radiopaque ethanol injection(REI)to address this issue.Methods:Iopromide is mixed with ethanol to achieve radiopacity and improve the physicochemical properties of the solution.Overall,82 male New Zealand white rabbits are selected for in vivo radiopacity testing,peripheral vein sclerosis[animals were divided into the following 5 groups(n=6):negative control(NC,saline,0.250 ml/kg),positive control(EtOH,0.250 ml/kg),low-dose REI(L-D REI,0.125 ml/kg),moderate-dose REI(M-D REI,0.250 ml/kg),and highdose REI(H-D REI 0.375 ml/kg)],pharmacokinetic analyses(the blood sample was harvested before injection,5 min,10 min,20 min,40 min,1 h,2 h,4 h,and 8 h after injection in peripheral vein sclerosis experiment),peripheral artery embolization[animals were divided into the following 5 groups(n=3):NC(saline,0.250 ml/kg),positive control(EtOH,0.250 ml/kg),L-D REI(0.125 ml/kg),M-D REI(0.250 ml/kg),and H-D REI(0.375 ml/kg)],kidney transcatheter arterial embolization[animals were divided into the following 4 groups(n=3):positive control(EtOH,0.250 ml/kg),L-D REI(0.125 ml/kg),M-D REI(0.250 ml/kg),and H-D REI(0.375 ml/kg);each healthy kidney was injected with saline as negative control],and biosafety evaluations[animals were divided into the following 5 groups(n=3):NC(0.250 ml/kg),high-dose EtOH(0.375 ml/kg),L-D REI(0.125 ml/kg),M-D REI(0.250 ml/kg),and H-D REI(0.375 ml/kg)].Then,a prospective cohort study involving 6 patients with peripheral venous malformations(VMs)is performed to explore the clinical safety and effectiveness of REI.From Jun 1,2023 to August 31,2023,6 patients[age:(33.3±17.2)years]with lingual VMs received sclerotherapy of REI and 2-month follow-up.Adverse events and serious adverse events were evaluated,whereas the efficacy of REI was determined by both the traceability of the REI under DSA throughout the entire injection and the therapeutic effect 2 months after a single injection.Results:The REI contains 81.4%ethanol(v/v)and 111.3 mg/ml iodine,which can be traced throughout the injection in the animals and patients.The REI also exerts a similar effect as EtOH on peripheral venous sclerosis,peripheral arterial embolization,and renal embolization.Furthermore,the REI can be metabolized at a similar rate compared to EtOH and Ultravist^(®)and did not cause injury to the animals’heart,liver,spleen,lungs,kidneys and brain.No REIrelated adverse effects have occurred during sclerotherapy of VMs,and 4/6 patients(66.7%)have achieved complete response at follow-up.Conclusion:In conclusion,REI is safe,exerts therapeutic effects,and compensates for the radiolucency of EtOH in treating VMs.Trial registration:The clinical trial was registered as No.ChiCTR2300071751 on May 242023.
文摘Background Patient safety has been gained much more attention in recent years.The authors reviewed patients who had cardiac arrest in the operating rooms undergoing noncardiac surgery between January 1989 and December 2001 at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,USA.The main objectives of the study were to determine the incidence of intraoperative cardiac arrest,to identify possible causes of cardiac arrest and to explore amenable modifications.Methods With approval by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board,patients experienced cardiac arrest during surgery were retrieved from medical records,surgical operation and anesthesia records and pathological reports by searching the Medical Archival Retrieval System （MARS）,a hospital electronic searching system.Cases of cardiac arrest were collected over a period of thirteen years from the Pre byteria University Hospital （PUH）,USA.Results We found 23 cases of intraoperative cardiac arrests occurred in 218 274 anesthesia cases （1.1 per 10 000）.Fourteen patients （60.8%） died in the operating room,leading to a mortality rate from all causes of 0.64 per 10 000 anesthetics.Immediate overall survival rate after arrest was 39% （9/23）.Half of the patients （12/23） were emergency cases with 41% survival rate （5/12）.One fourth of the arrests were trauma patients （6/23）.Most arrest patients （87%,20/23） were American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status （ASA PS） Ⅳ and Ⅴ,while only three patients were ASA PS-Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,respectively.One case was attributable to an anesthesia-related cardiac arrest and recovered after successful resuscitation.Conclusions Most intraoperative cardiac arrests were not due to anesthesia-related causes.Anesthesia-related cardiac arrests might have a higher survival rate when compared to other possible causes of cardiac arrest in the operating room.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21244005 and 20974130)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(No.2012B091100356)
文摘Photosensitizer （photosan）-encapsulated micelles were prepared by self-assembly of Photosan with two amphiphilic polysaccharide derivatives, including the cholesteryl conjugated sodium alginate derivative （CSAD） and the deoxycholic acid group conjugated chitosan derivative （DA-Chit）. The results of UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the hydrogen bonding strength dominated the micelle formation. Methyl viologen was used as a model quencher of photosan. Using the steady-state fluorescence technology, the quenching constants were determined to be 2.05, 1.88 and 0.30 L/mmol for the free photosan, the photosan-CSAD micelle and the photosan-DA-Chit micelle, respectively. This suggested that photosan was protected from quenching of methyl viologen by the polysaccharide micelles. In addition, the protection effect of the photosan-DA-Chit micelle was significantly stronger than that of the photosan-CSAD micelle. The photosan-DA-Chit micelle is thus anticipated for protection of photoactivity of photosan during the blood circulation process in vivo.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11275089,11375081)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2011FQ001)
文摘We investigate a novel Smith–Purcell terahertz source. This device is composed of an electron gun, a cylindrical resonator, a metallic grating, and a collector. The characteristics of the Smith–Purcell terahertz source are discussed with the help of three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. In this device, coherent and high-power Smith–Purcell radiation(SPR) at the terahertz frequency range can be produced for the reasonable parameters of charge energy and grating. Our results indicate that coherent SPR at 506.529 GHz with a power around 1000 W can be obtained for a grating of period l=0.3 mm operating at the beam energy E=50 keV and beam current I=10 A.
