The antimony(Sb)electrode,despite its prevalent use for pH detection in complex environments,suffers from severe potential drift due to poor corrosion resistance,thereby impeding long-term or online applications.Inter...The antimony(Sb)electrode,despite its prevalent use for pH detection in complex environments,suffers from severe potential drift due to poor corrosion resistance,thereby impeding long-term or online applications.Intermetallic compounds show excellent resistance to corrosion and oxidation,presenting a promising avenue for improving the stability of the Sb electrode.Therefore,we fabricate an intermetallic compound-doped Sb electrode by adding various cobalt(Co)contents to improve the stability of the Sb electrode without compromising the inherent pH response.It's observed that the alloy electrode exhibits a significant reduction in surface roughness,corrosion product Sb_(2)O_(3)content,cracks,and Sb exfoliation compared to the pure Sb electrode after the electrochemical tests,and the effect becomes more pronounced as the Co content increases.The electrochemical tests further reveal that the alloy electrode exhibits better corrosion resistance than the pure Sb in various solutions,with the alloy electrode containing 80 at%Sb showing the highest corrosion resistance.Moreover,the alloy electrode containing 80 at%Sb also shows excellent sensitivity and anti-interference ability,high accuracy and reproducibility,low hysteresis,and better long-term stability,especially in seawater.These findings suggest that inexpensive Co doping significantly enhances corrosion resistance,thereby reducing electrode surface alterations and eventually improving the potential stability of pure Sb electrodes without affecting the inherent pH response.Furthermore,the obtained results provide an experimental basis for the long-term operation of the alloy pH electrode in complex environments such as seawater without frequent maintenance.展开更多
Cytochrome P450s(CYPs)are ubiquitously found in all kingdoms of life,playing important role in various biosynthetic pathways as well as degradative pathways;accordingly find applications in a vast variety of areas fro...Cytochrome P450s(CYPs)are ubiquitously found in all kingdoms of life,playing important role in various biosynthetic pathways as well as degradative pathways;accordingly find applications in a vast variety of areas from organic synthesis and drug metabolite production to modification of biomaterials and bioremediation.Significantly,CYPs catalyze chemically challenging CAH and CAC activation reactions using a reactive high-valent iron-oxo intermediate generated upon dioxygen activation at their heme center,while the other oxygen atom is reduced to the level of water by electrons provided through a reductase partner protein.Self-sufficient CYPs,encoding their heme domain and reductase protein in a single polypeptide,facilitate increased catalytic efficiency and render a less complicated system to work with.The self-sufficient CYP enzyme from CYP102A family(CYP102A1,BM3)is among the earliest and most-investigated model enzymes for mechanistic and structural studies as well as for biotechnological applications.An increasing number of self-sufficient CYPs from the same CYP102 family and from other families have also been reported in last decade.In this review,we introduce chemistry and biology of CYPs,followed by an overview of the characteristics of self-sufficient CYPs and representative reactions.Enzyme engineering efforts leading to novel self-sufficient CYP variants that can catalyze synthetically useful natural and non-natural(nature-mimicking)reactions are highlighted.Lastly,the strategy and efforts that aim to circumvent the challenges for improved thermostability,regio-and enantioselectivity,and total turnover number;associated with practical use of self-sufficient CYPs are reviewed.展开更多
污水中普遍存在大量病原菌,污水处理厂作为接收和处理污水的主要场所,在控制病原菌污染和保障再生水安全中发挥重要作用。研究利用16S r RNA测序技术和实时荧光定量PCR技术对中国北方一座污水处理厂夏、冬两季的细菌群落结构和病原细菌...污水中普遍存在大量病原菌,污水处理厂作为接收和处理污水的主要场所,在控制病原菌污染和保障再生水安全中发挥重要作用。研究利用16S r RNA测序技术和实时荧光定量PCR技术对中国北方一座污水处理厂夏、冬两季的细菌群落结构和病原细菌存在情况进行分析。研究结果表明,共检出27个病原菌菌属,其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)是主要病原菌属。经过一系列工艺处理,出水中含有病原菌属数目和含量明显降低,但发现常规出水检测指标大肠杆菌不能指示其他病原菌的存在情况和风险水平,提示仍需引入新的检测指标减少再生水回用的病原菌风险。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22104010)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(ZR2021QB141)+2 种基金Qingchuang Science and Technology Plan of Shandong Province(2021KJ054)Talent Incubation Project of Dezhou University(2019xjrc211,2019xjrc204 and SYJS22013)Dezhou Science and Technology Plan Project(2022dzkj057 and 2022dzkj058)。
文摘The antimony(Sb)electrode,despite its prevalent use for pH detection in complex environments,suffers from severe potential drift due to poor corrosion resistance,thereby impeding long-term or online applications.Intermetallic compounds show excellent resistance to corrosion and oxidation,presenting a promising avenue for improving the stability of the Sb electrode.Therefore,we fabricate an intermetallic compound-doped Sb electrode by adding various cobalt(Co)contents to improve the stability of the Sb electrode without compromising the inherent pH response.It's observed that the alloy electrode exhibits a significant reduction in surface roughness,corrosion product Sb_(2)O_(3)content,cracks,and Sb exfoliation compared to the pure Sb electrode after the electrochemical tests,and the effect becomes more pronounced as the Co content increases.The electrochemical tests further reveal that the alloy electrode exhibits better corrosion resistance than the pure Sb in various solutions,with the alloy electrode containing 80 at%Sb showing the highest corrosion resistance.Moreover,the alloy electrode containing 80 at%Sb also shows excellent sensitivity and anti-interference ability,high accuracy and reproducibility,low hysteresis,and better long-term stability,especially in seawater.These findings suggest that inexpensive Co doping significantly enhances corrosion resistance,thereby reducing electrode surface alterations and eventually improving the potential stability of pure Sb electrodes without affecting the inherent pH response.Furthermore,the obtained results provide an experimental basis for the long-term operation of the alloy pH electrode in complex environments such as seawater without frequent maintenance.
基金Financial supports from Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF16OC0021740)Aarhus Universitets Forskningsfond AUFFNOVA(AUFF-E-2015-FLS-9-12)Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond(DFF Technology and Production,0136-00206B)are greatly acknowledged.
文摘Cytochrome P450s(CYPs)are ubiquitously found in all kingdoms of life,playing important role in various biosynthetic pathways as well as degradative pathways;accordingly find applications in a vast variety of areas from organic synthesis and drug metabolite production to modification of biomaterials and bioremediation.Significantly,CYPs catalyze chemically challenging CAH and CAC activation reactions using a reactive high-valent iron-oxo intermediate generated upon dioxygen activation at their heme center,while the other oxygen atom is reduced to the level of water by electrons provided through a reductase partner protein.Self-sufficient CYPs,encoding their heme domain and reductase protein in a single polypeptide,facilitate increased catalytic efficiency and render a less complicated system to work with.The self-sufficient CYP enzyme from CYP102A family(CYP102A1,BM3)is among the earliest and most-investigated model enzymes for mechanistic and structural studies as well as for biotechnological applications.An increasing number of self-sufficient CYPs from the same CYP102 family and from other families have also been reported in last decade.In this review,we introduce chemistry and biology of CYPs,followed by an overview of the characteristics of self-sufficient CYPs and representative reactions.Enzyme engineering efforts leading to novel self-sufficient CYP variants that can catalyze synthetically useful natural and non-natural(nature-mimicking)reactions are highlighted.Lastly,the strategy and efforts that aim to circumvent the challenges for improved thermostability,regio-and enantioselectivity,and total turnover number;associated with practical use of self-sufficient CYPs are reviewed.
文摘污水中普遍存在大量病原菌,污水处理厂作为接收和处理污水的主要场所,在控制病原菌污染和保障再生水安全中发挥重要作用。研究利用16S r RNA测序技术和实时荧光定量PCR技术对中国北方一座污水处理厂夏、冬两季的细菌群落结构和病原细菌存在情况进行分析。研究结果表明,共检出27个病原菌菌属,其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)是主要病原菌属。经过一系列工艺处理,出水中含有病原菌属数目和含量明显降低,但发现常规出水检测指标大肠杆菌不能指示其他病原菌的存在情况和风险水平,提示仍需引入新的检测指标减少再生水回用的病原菌风险。
