To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods, sealant retention...To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods, sealant retention data were obtained by visual clinical examination and from replicas of the same sealed tooth at baseline and at 0.5-, 1- and 2-year evaluation points in 407 children and were compared for agreement using kappa coefficients. Survival curves of retained sealants on occlusal surfaces were created using modified categorisation （fully retained sealants and those having all pits and fissures partly covered with the sealant material versus completely lost sealants that included pit and fissure systems that had /〉 1 pit re-exposed） according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The kappa coefficient for the agreement between both assessment methods over the three evaluation time points combined was 0.38 （95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.35-0.41）. More sealant retention was observed from replicas than through visual clinical examination. Cumulative survival curves at the three evaluation times were not statistically significantly higher when assessed from replicas （P=0.47）. Using the replica method, more retained sealant material was observed than through visual clinical examination during the 2-year period. This finding did not result in a difference in the survival rates of sealants assessed by the two assessment methods. When replicas cast in die stone are used for assessing sealant retention, the level of reliability of the data is higher than that of data obtained through the commonly used visual clinical examination, particularly if such assessments are conducted over time.展开更多
饭甑青冈(Cyclobalanopsis fleuryi)是中国及越南的常绿树种,具有重要的经济和药用价值。该研究以饭甑青冈叶片为材料,通过Illumina HiSeq X ten高通量测序平台,对其叶绿体基因组进行测序、组装和注释。结果表明,饭甑青冈叶绿体全基因...饭甑青冈(Cyclobalanopsis fleuryi)是中国及越南的常绿树种,具有重要的经济和药用价值。该研究以饭甑青冈叶片为材料,通过Illumina HiSeq X ten高通量测序平台,对其叶绿体基因组进行测序、组装和注释。结果表明,饭甑青冈叶绿体全基因组具有典型的四分体结构,全长为160796 bp,共注释129个基因,其中包括83个蛋白编码基因、38个tRNA基因和8个rRNA基因。密码子偏好性分析表明饭甑青冈的密码子使用模式偏向以A或U结尾,亮氨酸(Leu)密码子使用频率最高,半胱氨酸(Cys)使用率最低。重复序列分析共检测到292个SSR位点,其中单碱基重复的SSR位点最多,有183个,无六碱基重复。壳斗科叶绿体基因组比较分析显示,反向重复区的位置和边界区域的基因分布无明显的收缩与扩张现象。系统发育分析表明,饭甑青冈与云山青冈(C.sessilifolia)、小叶青冈(C.myrsinifolia)亲缘关系密切。该研究为饭甑青冈的分子标记、物种鉴定、遗传多样性分析等研究提供了基础。展开更多
基金financed by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2007BA128B00)the Netherlands Academy of Science(08CDP011)the Radboud University,the Netherlands(R0000463)
文摘To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods, sealant retention data were obtained by visual clinical examination and from replicas of the same sealed tooth at baseline and at 0.5-, 1- and 2-year evaluation points in 407 children and were compared for agreement using kappa coefficients. Survival curves of retained sealants on occlusal surfaces were created using modified categorisation （fully retained sealants and those having all pits and fissures partly covered with the sealant material versus completely lost sealants that included pit and fissure systems that had /〉 1 pit re-exposed） according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The kappa coefficient for the agreement between both assessment methods over the three evaluation time points combined was 0.38 （95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.35-0.41）. More sealant retention was observed from replicas than through visual clinical examination. Cumulative survival curves at the three evaluation times were not statistically significantly higher when assessed from replicas （P=0.47）. Using the replica method, more retained sealant material was observed than through visual clinical examination during the 2-year period. This finding did not result in a difference in the survival rates of sealants assessed by the two assessment methods. When replicas cast in die stone are used for assessing sealant retention, the level of reliability of the data is higher than that of data obtained through the commonly used visual clinical examination, particularly if such assessments are conducted over time.
