目的观察病毒感染后嗅觉障碍(postviral olfactory dysfunction,PVOD)患者和慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)伴嗅觉障碍患者的情绪障碍状况,比较这两种疾病导致的嗅觉障碍引起的患者情绪障碍是否有差异及相关影响因素。方法自2020年11月~2021年8月在中...目的观察病毒感染后嗅觉障碍(postviral olfactory dysfunction,PVOD)患者和慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)伴嗅觉障碍患者的情绪障碍状况,比较这两种疾病导致的嗅觉障碍引起的患者情绪障碍是否有差异及相关影响因素。方法自2020年11月~2021年8月在中日友好医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,对门诊的PVOD患者(n=20)和住院的CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者(n=43)进行研究。收集患者的年龄、性别、病程、发病方式等人口学和临床资料,采用鼻腔鼻窦结局测试-22(sino-nasal outcome test-22,SNOT-22)、T&T嗅觉功能测试、Zung焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)和Zung抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)分别评估患者的鼻部症状、嗅觉功能、焦虑和抑郁状态。结果PVOD患者的平均SNOT-22评分、嗅觉察觉阈及嗅觉识别阈分值均低于CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者(17.64±6.42 vs 30.42±12.08、1.58±3.42 vs 3.40±3.52和3.58±3.07 vs 2.16±3.51)(P均<0.05),但PVOD患者焦虑抑郁状态的百分比、SAS评分和SDS评分均高于CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者(45%vs 14%、49.83±6.59 vs 43.97±4.50、52.21±7.83 vs 46.40±9.50)(P均<0.05)。PVOD和CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者出现轻度焦虑的百分比分别为45.0%和11.63%,轻度抑郁分别为20%和11.63%,中度抑郁百分比分别为20%和2.33%,焦虑且抑郁分别为30%和2.33%。PVOD患者中多数患者病程<3个月(75%)、多为突然发病(85%)、鼻腔通气情况多为良好(85%),而CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者中多数患者病程>24个月(65.1%)、发病方式多为缓慢发病(76.7%)、鼻腔通气情况多数为差(69.8%);PVOD患者SNOT-22评分与SDS评分呈正相关(P<0.05),与SAS评分无显著相关性,CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者SNOT-22评分与SAS、SDS评分均呈正相关(P<0.05),两种疾病与T&T评分、性别、发病方式及鼻部通气情况均无显著相关性。将PVOD和CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者(n=63)汇集在一起进行Logistic多元回归分析发现嗅觉障碍病程与SAS和SDS评分均呈负相关(P<0.05);SNOT-22评分与SAS和SDS评分均呈正相关(P<0.01);年龄与SAS评分呈正相关(P<0.05),与SDS无显著相关性。结论相较于CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者,PVOD患者SAS、SDS评分以及出现焦虑抑郁状态百分比更高,病程、年龄和SNOT-22评分可能会影响嗅觉障碍患者的焦虑抑郁状态。展开更多
Solid superacid SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)as heterogeneous catalyst was prepared to upgrade the bio-oil in the progress of hydrother-mal liquefaction(HTL)for the represented algae of Chlorella vulgaris and Enteromorpha proli...Solid superacid SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)as heterogeneous catalyst was prepared to upgrade the bio-oil in the progress of hydrother-mal liquefaction(HTL)for the represented algae of Chlorella vulgaris and Enteromorpha prolifera.The solid superacid catalyst could obviously adjust the composition of the bio-oil and improve the higher heating values(HHVs).The catalytic performance could be regulated by adjusting the acid amount and acid strength of SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2).Furthermore,it was explored the catalytic effects of SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)by the HTL for algae major model components,including polysaccharides,proteins,lipids,binary mixture and ternary mixture.The results showed that the introducing of SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)catalyst could increase the yields of bio-oil from proteins and lipids,and avoid the Maillard reaction between polysaccharides and proteins.Moreover,a possible reaction pathway and mechanisms has proposed for the formation of bio-oils from HTL of algae catalyzed by SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)based on the systematic research of the producing bio-oil from major model components.展开更多
文摘目的观察病毒感染后嗅觉障碍(postviral olfactory dysfunction,PVOD)患者和慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)伴嗅觉障碍患者的情绪障碍状况,比较这两种疾病导致的嗅觉障碍引起的患者情绪障碍是否有差异及相关影响因素。方法自2020年11月~2021年8月在中日友好医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,对门诊的PVOD患者(n=20)和住院的CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者(n=43)进行研究。收集患者的年龄、性别、病程、发病方式等人口学和临床资料,采用鼻腔鼻窦结局测试-22(sino-nasal outcome test-22,SNOT-22)、T&T嗅觉功能测试、Zung焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)和Zung抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)分别评估患者的鼻部症状、嗅觉功能、焦虑和抑郁状态。结果PVOD患者的平均SNOT-22评分、嗅觉察觉阈及嗅觉识别阈分值均低于CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者(17.64±6.42 vs 30.42±12.08、1.58±3.42 vs 3.40±3.52和3.58±3.07 vs 2.16±3.51)(P均<0.05),但PVOD患者焦虑抑郁状态的百分比、SAS评分和SDS评分均高于CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者(45%vs 14%、49.83±6.59 vs 43.97±4.50、52.21±7.83 vs 46.40±9.50)(P均<0.05)。PVOD和CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者出现轻度焦虑的百分比分别为45.0%和11.63%,轻度抑郁分别为20%和11.63%,中度抑郁百分比分别为20%和2.33%,焦虑且抑郁分别为30%和2.33%。PVOD患者中多数患者病程<3个月(75%)、多为突然发病(85%)、鼻腔通气情况多为良好(85%),而CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者中多数患者病程>24个月(65.1%)、发病方式多为缓慢发病(76.7%)、鼻腔通气情况多数为差(69.8%);PVOD患者SNOT-22评分与SDS评分呈正相关(P<0.05),与SAS评分无显著相关性,CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者SNOT-22评分与SAS、SDS评分均呈正相关(P<0.05),两种疾病与T&T评分、性别、发病方式及鼻部通气情况均无显著相关性。将PVOD和CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者(n=63)汇集在一起进行Logistic多元回归分析发现嗅觉障碍病程与SAS和SDS评分均呈负相关(P<0.05);SNOT-22评分与SAS和SDS评分均呈正相关(P<0.01);年龄与SAS评分呈正相关(P<0.05),与SDS无显著相关性。结论相较于CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者,PVOD患者SAS、SDS评分以及出现焦虑抑郁状态百分比更高,病程、年龄和SNOT-22评分可能会影响嗅觉障碍患者的焦虑抑郁状态。
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2019BB 033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ocean University of China(No.201813031).
文摘Solid superacid SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)as heterogeneous catalyst was prepared to upgrade the bio-oil in the progress of hydrother-mal liquefaction(HTL)for the represented algae of Chlorella vulgaris and Enteromorpha prolifera.The solid superacid catalyst could obviously adjust the composition of the bio-oil and improve the higher heating values(HHVs).The catalytic performance could be regulated by adjusting the acid amount and acid strength of SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2).Furthermore,it was explored the catalytic effects of SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)by the HTL for algae major model components,including polysaccharides,proteins,lipids,binary mixture and ternary mixture.The results showed that the introducing of SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)catalyst could increase the yields of bio-oil from proteins and lipids,and avoid the Maillard reaction between polysaccharides and proteins.Moreover,a possible reaction pathway and mechanisms has proposed for the formation of bio-oils from HTL of algae catalyzed by SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)based on the systematic research of the producing bio-oil from major model components.
