The excessive influence of human activity has highlighted the dilemma between maintaining a stable ecosystem while satisfying consumer demands for food.Kazakhstan has ecological problems caused by the conflict between...The excessive influence of human activity has highlighted the dilemma between maintaining a stable ecosystem while satisfying consumer demands for food.Kazakhstan has ecological problems caused by the conflict between humans and the land,grasslands and raising livestock.Therefore,this study of the food consumption modes in Kazakhstan aims to improve the sustainability of food consumption while maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.Based on the data of food consumption in Kazakhstan in 2012 and 2016,and through the delineation of consumption modes and the analysis of their changes,this study found three very different food consumption modes in Kazakhstan-one dominated by milk and cereals;one by milk,cereals and meat;and one by milk,cereals,meat,vegetables and fruit.These three modes were distributed separately in the northern,central and southern regions of Kazakhstan,respectively.It is worth noting that food consumption in Kazakhstan is developing into a pattern of milk,cereals and meat.Confronted with the different food consumption modes and their tendencies toward variations,the basic theories of food production need to be revised,and the exchange of information and cooperation between the different regions of Kazakhstan and relevant interests abroad should be encouraged in order to increase the well-being of local consumers.展开更多
The exponential increase of ecosystem utilization has instigated a serious conflict between ecosystem services and residents'needs.The Belt and Road Initiative has greatly influenced Laotian production and living,...The exponential increase of ecosystem utilization has instigated a serious conflict between ecosystem services and residents'needs.The Belt and Road Initiative has greatly influenced Laotian production and living,and the scientific assessment of the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos is important for exploring residents'influence on the ecosystem.Based on data for the Laotian consumption of agricultural products,fruits and livestock products during 1961-2013,normalized by either harvest index or feed conversion ratio,this study draws three main conclusions.1)Ecosystem service consumption in Laos is centered on the consumption of farmland,forestry and grassland ecosystem services,which account for over 80%,over 10%and under 2%,showing downward,upward and constant trends,respectively.The consumption of these ecosystem services shows a trend of increasing first,then fluctuating,and finally increasing.2)The consumption of ecosystem services in Laos was characterized by the mode of"dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services"from 1961 to 2008,and the mode of“balanced development of consumption of farmland,forest and grassland ecosystem services”from 2008 to 2013,with a trend of transformation from the former into the latter.3)The formation and change in the consumption mode of Laotian ecosystem services have been affected by both supply and trade.Laos developed agriculture mainly during the period from 1961 to 2008,forming the mode of"dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services".This development benefited from the enriched varieties of imports as well as the increased value of trade and import volume.However,the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos after 2008 changed from the mode of“dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services”to one of“balanced development of consumption of farmland,forest and grassland ecosystem services".This study provides an empirical reference for research on the consumption of ecosystem services.展开更多
With great significance in ecosystem protection and sustainable development,the study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)has become a hot topic in ecological research.Based on FAOSTAT data,in this study the patterns...With great significance in ecosystem protection and sustainable development,the study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)has become a hot topic in ecological research.Based on FAOSTAT data,in this study the patterns,composition and evolution of ESC and ecosystem service consumption patterns(ESCP)in the“Belt and Road"were revealed on the total and regional scales,taking consumed-biomass as a main indicator.Three main conclusions were reached.1)The total ESC was mainly contributed from farmland ecosystems along the"Belt and Road",followed by grassland ecosystems.The ESC indicators on the whole system scale fluctuated,but increased from year 2000 to year 2016.The total ESC increased from 12911.89 Tg yr_1 to 16810.00 Tg yr^1,and the annual per capita consumption of ecosystem services increased from 3.3228 million g p_1 yr'1 to 3.6392 million g p_1 yr'1.2)The ESC,composition and evolution varied significantly among countries,zones and ecosystems.The annual per capita ESC was highest in Mongolia on the national scale,and highest in Central and Eastern Europe and lowest in Southeast Asia on zone scale,which represented the results from the joint effects of regional resource endowments,consumption habits,levels of productive forces,and other factors.3)Higher farmland ESC was the dominant ESCP,which accounted for about 76.7%of the total area along the"Belt and Road",followed by higher farmland+higher grassland ESC,which accounted for about 19.0%of the total area.The other consumption patterns(i.e.,those of higher grassland ESC,higher forestland ESC or higher farmland+higher forest+higher grassland ESC)were found in only a few countries.The ESCP may be related to higher regional population density or the higher proportions of developing countries.Therefore,to realize sustainable social,economic and ecological development,and to improve people's well-being,countries along the,lBelt and Road"should take advantage of their own resources in developing industries,actively expand trade,achieve mutual benefits and win-win situations,and adjust and optimize consumption patterns of ecosystem services.This study can provide data support for further research on the mechanism of ESCP formation this area.展开更多
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20010202)The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0503700)
文摘The excessive influence of human activity has highlighted the dilemma between maintaining a stable ecosystem while satisfying consumer demands for food.Kazakhstan has ecological problems caused by the conflict between humans and the land,grasslands and raising livestock.Therefore,this study of the food consumption modes in Kazakhstan aims to improve the sustainability of food consumption while maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.Based on the data of food consumption in Kazakhstan in 2012 and 2016,and through the delineation of consumption modes and the analysis of their changes,this study found three very different food consumption modes in Kazakhstan-one dominated by milk and cereals;one by milk,cereals and meat;and one by milk,cereals,meat,vegetables and fruit.These three modes were distributed separately in the northern,central and southern regions of Kazakhstan,respectively.It is worth noting that food consumption in Kazakhstan is developing into a pattern of milk,cereals and meat.Confronted with the different food consumption modes and their tendencies toward variations,the basic theories of food production need to be revised,and the exchange of information and cooperation between the different regions of Kazakhstan and relevant interests abroad should be encouraged in order to increase the well-being of local consumers.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20010202)The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0503700)
文摘The exponential increase of ecosystem utilization has instigated a serious conflict between ecosystem services and residents'needs.The Belt and Road Initiative has greatly influenced Laotian production and living,and the scientific assessment of the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos is important for exploring residents'influence on the ecosystem.Based on data for the Laotian consumption of agricultural products,fruits and livestock products during 1961-2013,normalized by either harvest index or feed conversion ratio,this study draws three main conclusions.1)Ecosystem service consumption in Laos is centered on the consumption of farmland,forestry and grassland ecosystem services,which account for over 80%,over 10%and under 2%,showing downward,upward and constant trends,respectively.The consumption of these ecosystem services shows a trend of increasing first,then fluctuating,and finally increasing.2)The consumption of ecosystem services in Laos was characterized by the mode of"dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services"from 1961 to 2008,and the mode of“balanced development of consumption of farmland,forest and grassland ecosystem services”from 2008 to 2013,with a trend of transformation from the former into the latter.3)The formation and change in the consumption mode of Laotian ecosystem services have been affected by both supply and trade.Laos developed agriculture mainly during the period from 1961 to 2008,forming the mode of"dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services".This development benefited from the enriched varieties of imports as well as the increased value of trade and import volume.However,the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos after 2008 changed from the mode of“dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services”to one of“balanced development of consumption of farmland,forest and grassland ecosystem services".This study provides an empirical reference for research on the consumption of ecosystem services.
基金The Strategic Leading Science and Technology Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Category A)(XDA20010202)The National Key Research&Development Program of China(2016YFC0503403)
文摘With great significance in ecosystem protection and sustainable development,the study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)has become a hot topic in ecological research.Based on FAOSTAT data,in this study the patterns,composition and evolution of ESC and ecosystem service consumption patterns(ESCP)in the“Belt and Road"were revealed on the total and regional scales,taking consumed-biomass as a main indicator.Three main conclusions were reached.1)The total ESC was mainly contributed from farmland ecosystems along the"Belt and Road",followed by grassland ecosystems.The ESC indicators on the whole system scale fluctuated,but increased from year 2000 to year 2016.The total ESC increased from 12911.89 Tg yr_1 to 16810.00 Tg yr^1,and the annual per capita consumption of ecosystem services increased from 3.3228 million g p_1 yr'1 to 3.6392 million g p_1 yr'1.2)The ESC,composition and evolution varied significantly among countries,zones and ecosystems.The annual per capita ESC was highest in Mongolia on the national scale,and highest in Central and Eastern Europe and lowest in Southeast Asia on zone scale,which represented the results from the joint effects of regional resource endowments,consumption habits,levels of productive forces,and other factors.3)Higher farmland ESC was the dominant ESCP,which accounted for about 76.7%of the total area along the"Belt and Road",followed by higher farmland+higher grassland ESC,which accounted for about 19.0%of the total area.The other consumption patterns(i.e.,those of higher grassland ESC,higher forestland ESC or higher farmland+higher forest+higher grassland ESC)were found in only a few countries.The ESCP may be related to higher regional population density or the higher proportions of developing countries.Therefore,to realize sustainable social,economic and ecological development,and to improve people's well-being,countries along the,lBelt and Road"should take advantage of their own resources in developing industries,actively expand trade,achieve mutual benefits and win-win situations,and adjust and optimize consumption patterns of ecosystem services.This study can provide data support for further research on the mechanism of ESCP formation this area.
