In order to establish double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （DAS-ELISA） for detection of duck or goose flavivirus, polyclonal antibody against the flavivirus strain JS804 in geese and monoclonal...In order to establish double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （DAS-ELISA） for detection of duck or goose flavivirus, polyclonal antibody against the flavivirus strain JS804 in geese and monoclonal antibody against the E protein of flavivirus strain JS804 in geese were used as the capture antibody and detection antibody, respectively. The optimal dilution of the capture antibody and detecting antibody capable of detecting the flavivirus strain JS804 in geese were 1：3 200 and 1：160 in the check-board titration, respectively. The reaction time of sample was 1 h, and the optimal working dilution of HRP-labeled goat-anti-mouse IgG was 1：10 000. The positive standard value was 0.247 （OD450.m）. The geese flavivirus could be detected at a minimal concentration of 1.875 μg mL^-1. The ELISA had no cross-reaction with Newcastle disease virus （NDV）, Avian influenza virus （AIV）, Infectious bronchitis virus （IBV）, Infectious bursal disease virus （IBDV）, Duck hepatitis virus （DHV）, and Gosling plague virus （GPV）. Twenty clinical samples were detected by the DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR respectively, with the agreement rate of 75%. The results revealed that the DAS-ELISA possessed favorable specificity and higher sensitivity, indicating a suitable method for rapid detection of the duck or goose flavivirus.展开更多
In this study, the IL-2 mRNA levels of T lymphocytes in normal mice stimulated by nine Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients （CHMIs） were measured using semiquantification reverse transcription polymerase chain react...In this study, the IL-2 mRNA levels of T lymphocytes in normal mice stimulated by nine Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients （CHMIs） were measured using semiquantification reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that astragalus polysaccharide （APS）, epimedium polysaccharide （EPS）, Chinese angelica polysaccharide （CAPS）, propolis flavone （PF）, and astrogalosides （AS） promoted IL-2 mRNA levels in T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo to differing degrees, and the level of IL-2 mRNA induced by propolis polysaccharide （PPS） in vitro was higher than that induced by the control, which differed from that of PPS in vivo.展开更多
The objective of the present investigation was to estimate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), classical swine fever virus(CS...The objective of the present investigation was to estimate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), classical swine fever virus(CSFV) and porcine circovirus type 2(PCV-2) in pigs in China. A total of 372 tissues or serum samples collected from pigs distributed in 9 provinces/municipalities of China during the period from February 2011 to November 2012 were assayed for T. gondii antigens and antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) technique, while the PCR was designed for the detection of the PRRSV, CSFV and PCV-2, respectively. The total positive rate of T. gondii, PRSSV, CSFV and PCV-2 was 9.14%(34/372), 50.00%(186/372), 37.10%(138/372) and 3.23%(12/372), respectively. Among the 34 T. gondii positive samples, 26 samples were simultaneously infected with T. gondii and viruses, while the remaining eight samples were infected with T. gondii alone. In addition, the co-infection rate of T. gondii with PRSSV, T. gondii with PRSSV and CSFV, T. gondii with PRSSV and PCV-2, T. gondii with CSFV and PCV-2, T. gondii with PRSSV, CSFV and PCV-2 was 1.61%(6/372), 4.03%(15/372), 0.27%(1/372), 0.27%(1/372) and 0.81%(3/372), respectively. The results of the present survey revealed that PRRSV and CSFV were the common pathogens co-existing with porcine toxoplasmosis in China, and both of them could increase the chances of T. gondii infection in pig. This is the first report of T. gondii co-infections with viruses in pigs. It is very important to understand the interactions of parasite and virus, and can be used as reference data for the control and prevention of co-infections of T. gondii and viruses in pigs.展开更多
Mythimna separata（Walker） is an important pest which can cause serious damages to cereal crops. In the past two decades, several heavy outbreaks have taken place in northern China. In order to develop a fine-scale m...Mythimna separata（Walker） is an important pest which can cause serious damages to cereal crops. In the past two decades, several heavy outbreaks have taken place in northern China. In order to develop a fine-scale method of forecasting outbreaks, population data were collected in northern China using searchlight traps and ground light traps. A background weather pattern analysis and trajectory analysis were performed via the Weather Research and Forecast（WRF） and FLEXPART models. Our results showed that heavy migration of first-generation M. separata appeared in northern China in 2013. In Yanqing District, Beijing, the cumulative number of captured adults in searchlight traps was around 250000 and the daily maximum for trapped moths was 86000. During the peak period, the majority of M. separata moths arrived after 00：00 every night. The sex ratio（female：male） at each monitoring site was greater than 1 and greatly fluctuated with population dynamics. During the migration peak, prevailing downdraft winds benefited M. separata moths to land passively. Trajectory simulation showed that immigrants were from Anhui, Jiangsu and Hubei provinces and most of them could continue to fly into the northeastern regions of China. These results provide technical support for fine-scale forecasting of the outbreak of M. separata at meso-and micro-scale.展开更多
One strain of Toxoplasma gondii was successfully isolated from chickens in China by bioassay in mice. Antibodies and circulating antigens of T. gondii were assayed by the ELISA kits in 100 free range chickens from a r...One strain of Toxoplasma gondii was successfully isolated from chickens in China by bioassay in mice. Antibodies and circulating antigens of T. gondii were assayed by the ELISA kits in 100 free range chickens from a rural area surrounding Funing, China. Fifty-three chickens were antibody-positive and 21 chickens were antigen positive. Hearts, brains, spleens, lungs, livers, and kidneys of 21 antibody or antigen-positive chickens were bioassayed in mice. One strain of T. gondii was isolated from 1 of 21 （4.76%） chickens. The isolated T. gondii killed all of the inoculated mice. Genotyping of this isolate using polymorphisms at the loci 5′-SAG2, 3′-SAG2, SAG3, cB21-4, L358, BTUB, and GRA6 revealed that it was Type I. These indicated that it was virulent for mice. This is the first report of isolation of T. gondii from chickens in China.展开更多
In this study,four strains of Toxoplasma gondii with the same genetic type（Type I） originated from chicken,human,cat and swine were used to compare the immune responses in resistant chicken host to investigate the r...In this study,four strains of Toxoplasma gondii with the same genetic type（Type I） originated from chicken,human,cat and swine were used to compare the immune responses in resistant chicken host to investigate the relationships between the parasite origins and the pathogenicity in certain host.A total of 300,10-day-old chickens were allocated randomly into five groups which named JS（from chicken）,CAT（from cat）,CN（from swine）,RH（from human） and a negative control group（—Ve） with 60 birds in each group.Tachyzoites of four different T.gondii strains（JS,CAT,CN and RH） were inoculated intraperitoneally with the dose of 1×10~7 in the four designed groups,respectively.The negative control（-Ve） group was mockly inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline（PBS） alone.Blood and spleen samples were obtained on the day of inoculation（day 0） and at days 4,11,25,39 and 53 post-infection to screen the immunopathological changes.The results demonstrated some different immune characters of T.gondii infected chickens with that of mice or swine previous reported.These differences included up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ（MHC Ⅱ） molecules in the early stage of infection,early peak expressions of interleukin（IL）-12（IL-12） and-10（IL-10） and long keep of IL-17.These might partially contribute to the resistance of chicken to T.gondii infection.Comparisons to chickens infected with strains from human,cat and swine,chickens infected with strain from chicken showed significant high levels of CD4~＋ and CD8~＋ T cells,interferon gamma（IFN-γ）,IL-12 and IL-10.It suggested that the strain from chicken had different ability to stimulate cellular immunity in chicken.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172345)the Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology InnovationFoundation, China (cx(11)4039)
文摘In order to establish double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （DAS-ELISA） for detection of duck or goose flavivirus, polyclonal antibody against the flavivirus strain JS804 in geese and monoclonal antibody against the E protein of flavivirus strain JS804 in geese were used as the capture antibody and detection antibody, respectively. The optimal dilution of the capture antibody and detecting antibody capable of detecting the flavivirus strain JS804 in geese were 1：3 200 and 1：160 in the check-board titration, respectively. The reaction time of sample was 1 h, and the optimal working dilution of HRP-labeled goat-anti-mouse IgG was 1：10 000. The positive standard value was 0.247 （OD450.m）. The geese flavivirus could be detected at a minimal concentration of 1.875 μg mL^-1. The ELISA had no cross-reaction with Newcastle disease virus （NDV）, Avian influenza virus （AIV）, Infectious bronchitis virus （IBV）, Infectious bursal disease virus （IBDV）, Duck hepatitis virus （DHV）, and Gosling plague virus （GPV）. Twenty clinical samples were detected by the DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR respectively, with the agreement rate of 75%. The results revealed that the DAS-ELISA possessed favorable specificity and higher sensitivity, indicating a suitable method for rapid detection of the duck or goose flavivirus.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30070566).
文摘In this study, the IL-2 mRNA levels of T lymphocytes in normal mice stimulated by nine Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients （CHMIs） were measured using semiquantification reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that astragalus polysaccharide （APS）, epimedium polysaccharide （EPS）, Chinese angelica polysaccharide （CAPS）, propolis flavone （PF）, and astrogalosides （AS） promoted IL-2 mRNA levels in T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo to differing degrees, and the level of IL-2 mRNA induced by propolis polysaccharide （PPS） in vitro was higher than that induced by the control, which differed from that of PPS in vivo.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of Ministry of Agriculture of China (20090303604)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD)
文摘The objective of the present investigation was to estimate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), classical swine fever virus(CSFV) and porcine circovirus type 2(PCV-2) in pigs in China. A total of 372 tissues or serum samples collected from pigs distributed in 9 provinces/municipalities of China during the period from February 2011 to November 2012 were assayed for T. gondii antigens and antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) technique, while the PCR was designed for the detection of the PRRSV, CSFV and PCV-2, respectively. The total positive rate of T. gondii, PRSSV, CSFV and PCV-2 was 9.14%(34/372), 50.00%(186/372), 37.10%(138/372) and 3.23%(12/372), respectively. Among the 34 T. gondii positive samples, 26 samples were simultaneously infected with T. gondii and viruses, while the remaining eight samples were infected with T. gondii alone. In addition, the co-infection rate of T. gondii with PRSSV, T. gondii with PRSSV and CSFV, T. gondii with PRSSV and PCV-2, T. gondii with CSFV and PCV-2, T. gondii with PRSSV, CSFV and PCV-2 was 1.61%(6/372), 4.03%(15/372), 0.27%(1/372), 0.27%(1/372) and 0.81%(3/372), respectively. The results of the present survey revealed that PRRSV and CSFV were the common pathogens co-existing with porcine toxoplasmosis in China, and both of them could increase the chances of T. gondii infection in pig. This is the first report of T. gondii co-infections with viruses in pigs. It is very important to understand the interactions of parasite and virus, and can be used as reference data for the control and prevention of co-infections of T. gondii and viruses in pigs.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201403031)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571998)+1 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300702)
文摘Mythimna separata（Walker） is an important pest which can cause serious damages to cereal crops. In the past two decades, several heavy outbreaks have taken place in northern China. In order to develop a fine-scale method of forecasting outbreaks, population data were collected in northern China using searchlight traps and ground light traps. A background weather pattern analysis and trajectory analysis were performed via the Weather Research and Forecast（WRF） and FLEXPART models. Our results showed that heavy migration of first-generation M. separata appeared in northern China in 2013. In Yanqing District, Beijing, the cumulative number of captured adults in searchlight traps was around 250000 and the daily maximum for trapped moths was 86000. During the peak period, the majority of M. separata moths arrived after 00：00 every night. The sex ratio（female：male） at each monitoring site was greater than 1 and greatly fluctuated with population dynamics. During the migration peak, prevailing downdraft winds benefited M. separata moths to land passively. Trajectory simulation showed that immigrants were from Anhui, Jiangsu and Hubei provinces and most of them could continue to fly into the northeastern regions of China. These results provide technical support for fine-scale forecasting of the outbreak of M. separata at meso-and micro-scale.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture(200903036-04)
文摘One strain of Toxoplasma gondii was successfully isolated from chickens in China by bioassay in mice. Antibodies and circulating antigens of T. gondii were assayed by the ELISA kits in 100 free range chickens from a rural area surrounding Funing, China. Fifty-three chickens were antibody-positive and 21 chickens were antigen positive. Hearts, brains, spleens, lungs, livers, and kidneys of 21 antibody or antigen-positive chickens were bioassayed in mice. One strain of T. gondii was isolated from 1 of 21 （4.76%） chickens. The isolated T. gondii killed all of the inoculated mice. Genotyping of this isolate using polymorphisms at the loci 5′-SAG2, 3′-SAG2, SAG3, cB21-4, L358, BTUB, and GRA6 revealed that it was Type I. These indicated that it was virulent for mice. This is the first report of isolation of T. gondii from chickens in China.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of Ministry of Agriculture of China(200903036-04)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD)
文摘In this study,four strains of Toxoplasma gondii with the same genetic type（Type I） originated from chicken,human,cat and swine were used to compare the immune responses in resistant chicken host to investigate the relationships between the parasite origins and the pathogenicity in certain host.A total of 300,10-day-old chickens were allocated randomly into five groups which named JS（from chicken）,CAT（from cat）,CN（from swine）,RH（from human） and a negative control group（—Ve） with 60 birds in each group.Tachyzoites of four different T.gondii strains（JS,CAT,CN and RH） were inoculated intraperitoneally with the dose of 1×10~7 in the four designed groups,respectively.The negative control（-Ve） group was mockly inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline（PBS） alone.Blood and spleen samples were obtained on the day of inoculation（day 0） and at days 4,11,25,39 and 53 post-infection to screen the immunopathological changes.The results demonstrated some different immune characters of T.gondii infected chickens with that of mice or swine previous reported.These differences included up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ（MHC Ⅱ） molecules in the early stage of infection,early peak expressions of interleukin（IL）-12（IL-12） and-10（IL-10） and long keep of IL-17.These might partially contribute to the resistance of chicken to T.gondii infection.Comparisons to chickens infected with strains from human,cat and swine,chickens infected with strain from chicken showed significant high levels of CD4~＋ and CD8~＋ T cells,interferon gamma（IFN-γ）,IL-12 and IL-10.It suggested that the strain from chicken had different ability to stimulate cellular immunity in chicken.
