Metal exsolution engineering has been regarded as a promising strategy for activating intrinsically inert perovskite oxide catalysts toward efficient oxygen evolution reaction.Traditional metal exsolution processes on...Metal exsolution engineering has been regarded as a promising strategy for activating intrinsically inert perovskite oxide catalysts toward efficient oxygen evolution reaction.Traditional metal exsolution processes on perovskites are often achieved by using the reducing hydrogen gas;however,this is not effective for the relatively stable phase,such as Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite oxides.To address this issue,triphenylphosphine is proposed to be a reduction promotor for accelerating the reduction and migration of the target metal atoms,aiming to achieve the effective exsolution of metallic species from Ruddlesden-Popper-type parent perovskites.Upon oxygen evolution reaction,these exsolved metallic aggregates are reconstructed into oxyhydroxides as the real active centers.After further modification by lowpercentage iridium oxide nanoclusters,the optimal catalyst delivered an overpotential as low as 305 mV for generating the density of 10 mA cm^(-2),outperforming these reported noble metal-containing perovskite-based alkaline oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts.This work provides a potential approach to activate catalytically inert oxides through promoting surface metal exsolution and explores a novel class of Ruddlesden-Poppertype oxides for electrocatalytic applications.展开更多
A new horizontal continuous casting method with heating-cooling combined mold （HCCM） technology was explored for fabri- cating high-quality thin-wall cupronickel alloy tubes used for heat exchange pipes. The microst...A new horizontal continuous casting method with heating-cooling combined mold （HCCM） technology was explored for fabri- cating high-quality thin-wall cupronickel alloy tubes used for heat exchange pipes. The microstructure and mechanical properties of BFe 10 cupronickel alloy tubes fabricated by HCCM and traditional continuous casting （cooling mold casting） were comparatively investigated. The results show that the tube fabricated by HCCM has smooth internal and external surfaces without any defects, and its internal and external surface roughnesses are 0.64 μm and 0.85 μm, respectively. The tube could be used for subsequent cold processing without other treatments such as surface planning, milling and acid-washing. This indicates that HCCM can effectively reduce the process flow and improve the pro- duction efficiency of a BFel0 cupronickel alloy tube. The tube has columnar grains along its axial direction with a major casting texture of {012}〈 621 〉. Compared with cooling mold casting （6 = 36.5%）, HCCM can improve elongation （3 = 46.3%） by 10% with a slight loss of strength, which indicates that HCCM remarkably improves the cold extension performance of a BFe 10 cupronickel alloy tube.展开更多
Based on horizontal continuous casting with a heating-cooling combined mold （HCCM） technology, this article investigated the effects of processing parameters on the liquid-solid interface （LSI） position and the in...Based on horizontal continuous casting with a heating-cooling combined mold （HCCM） technology, this article investigated the effects of processing parameters on the liquid-solid interface （LSI） position and the influence of LSI position on the surface quality, microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of a BFe10-1-1 tube （φ50 mm × 5 mm）. HCCM efficiently improves the temperature gradient in front of the LSI. Through controlling the LSI position, the radial columnar-grained microstructure that is commonly generated by cooling mold casting can be eliminated, and the axial columnar-grained microstructure can be obtained. Under the condition of 1250℃ melting and holding temperature, 1200-1250℃ mold heating temperature, 50-80 mm/min mean drawing speed, and 500-700 L/h cooling water flow rate, the LSI position is located at the middle of the transition zone or near the entrance of the cooling section, and the as-cast tube not only has a strong axial columnar-grained microstructure （{hkl}〈621〉, {hkl}〈221〉） due to strong axial heating conduction during solidification but also has smooth internal and external surfaces without cracks, scratches, and other macroscopic defects due to short solidified shell length and short contact length between the tube and the mold at high temperature. The elongation and tensile strength of the tube are 46.0%-47.2% and 210-221 MPa, respectively, which can be directly used for the subsequent cold-large-strain processing.展开更多
Low-temperature storage is extensively used to optimize the postharvest life of various fresh fruits.However,red pitahaya(Hylocereus polyrhizus)fruits are sensitive to chilling injury(CI),which leads to the limitation...Low-temperature storage is extensively used to optimize the postharvest life of various fresh fruits.However,red pitahaya(Hylocereus polyrhizus)fruits are sensitive to chilling injury(CI),which leads to the limitation of low-temperature storage.In this study,red pitahaya fruits were stored at 2,4,6,8,and 10℃,respectively,for 27 days to determine the appropriate storage temperature.During the storage of red pitahaya fruits,storage at 8℃ was more effective in suppressing decay and maintaining quality than other low temperatures.Lowtemperature(2,4,and 6℃)storage decreased weight loss(WL)and maintained higher content of titratable acidity(TA),soluble sugars(SS),and total phenolics(TP)but different degrees of CI were detected.No CI was observed at 8℃ and 10℃.Red pitahay as stored at 8 and 10℃ were associated with better color evaluation,lower electrolyte leakage(EL),respiration rate,and lipoxygenase(LOX)activity,and higher fruit firmness,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and catalase(CAT)activity.However,higher storage temperature(10℃)resulted in higher metabolic activity leading to lower quality and antioxidant capacities compared with 8℃.Therefore,our results demonstrated that red pitahaya stored at 8℃ exhibited a protective effect on fruit quality and resisted CI development during storage.展开更多
Two-dimensional/two-dimensional(2D/2D)heterostructures consisting of two or more 2D building blocks possess intriguing electronic features at the nanosized interfacial regions,endowing the possibility for effectively ...Two-dimensional/two-dimensional(2D/2D)heterostructures consisting of two or more 2D building blocks possess intriguing electronic features at the nanosized interfacial regions,endowing the possibility for effectively modulating the confinement,and transport of charge carriers,excitons,photons,phonons,etc.to bring about a wide range of extraordinary physical,chemical,thermal,and/or mechanical properties.By rational design and synthesis of 2D/2D heterostructures,electrochemical properties for advanced batteries and electrocatalysis can be well regulated to meet some practical requirements.In this review,a summary on the commonly employed synthetic strategies for 2D/2D heterostructures is first given,followed by a comprehensive review on recent progress for their applications in batteries and various electrocatalysis reactions.Finally,a critical outlook on the current challenges and promising solutions is presented,which is expected to offer some insightful ideas on the design principles of advanced 2D-based nanomaterials to address the current challenges in sustainable energy storages and green fuel generations.展开更多
To improve the energy efficiency of a direct expansion air conditioning(DX A/C) system while guaranteeing occupancy comfort, a hierarchical controller for a DX A/C system with uncertain parameters is proposed. The con...To improve the energy efficiency of a direct expansion air conditioning(DX A/C) system while guaranteeing occupancy comfort, a hierarchical controller for a DX A/C system with uncertain parameters is proposed. The control strategy consists of an open loop optimization controller and a closed-loop guaranteed cost periodically intermittent-switch controller(GCPISC). The error dynamics system of the closed-loop control is modelled based on the GCPISC principle. The difference,compared to the previous DX A/C system control methods, is that the controller designed in this paper performs control at discrete times. For the ease of designing the controller, a series of matrix inequalities are derived to be the sufficient conditions of the lower-layer closed-loop GCPISC controller. In this way, the DX A/C system output is derived to follow the optimal references obtained through the upper-layer open loop controller in exponential time, and the energy efficiency of the system is improved. Moreover, a static optimization problem is addressed for obtaining an optimal GCPISC law to ensure a minimum upper bound on the DX A/C system performance considering energy efficiency and output tracking error. The advantages of the designed hierarchical controller for a DX A/C system with uncertain parameters are demonstrated through some simulation results.展开更多
Two-dimensional（2D） metal oxide nanosheets have attracted much attention as potential electrode materials for rechargeable batteries in recent years. This is primarily due to their natural abundance, environmental c...Two-dimensional（2D） metal oxide nanosheets have attracted much attention as potential electrode materials for rechargeable batteries in recent years. This is primarily due to their natural abundance, environmental compatibility, and low cost as well as good electrochemical properties. Despite the fact that most metal oxides possess low conductivity, the introduction of some conductive heterogeneous components, such as nano-carbon, carbon nanotubes（CNTs）, and graphene, to form metal oxide-based hybrids,can effectively overcome this drawback. In this mini review, we will summarize the recent advances of three typical 2D metal oxide nanomaterials, namely, binary metal oxides, ternary metal oxides, and hybrid metal oxides, which are used for the electrochemical applications of next-generation rechargeable batteries, mainly for lithium-ion batteries（LIBs） and sodium-ion batteries（SIBs）. Hence, this review intends to functionalize as a good reference for the further research on 2D nanomaterials and the further development of energy-storage devices.展开更多
The effect of gum tragacanth(GT)and sodium alginate(SA)active coatings incorporated with epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG;0.16%,0.32%,and 0.64%,respectively)on the quality of large yellow croaker fillets was evaluated du...The effect of gum tragacanth(GT)and sodium alginate(SA)active coatings incorporated with epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG;0.16%,0.32%,and 0.64%,respectively)on the quality of large yellow croaker fillets was evaluated during superchilling storage at–3˚C for 42 d.The results revealed that the GT-SA-EGCG active coatings delayed microbial spoilage by reducing the total viable counts of Pseudomonas spp.and psychrophile bacteria and retarded the degradation of the physical properties of water-holding capacity,cooking loss,color,odor and texture.GT-SA-EGCG coatings could also maintain fillet freshness by maintaining lower total volatile basic nitrogen,K value,and histidine content,inhibiting myofibrillar protein degradation during superchilling storage.These results suggested that the active coatings embedded with GT-SA-EGCG could be used as a preservative to enhance the quality of large yellow croaker and prolong the shelf life by 7–14 d during superchilling storage at–3˚C.展开更多
In the context of the gradual popularity of electric vehicles(EVs),the development of lithium battery systems with high energy density and power density is regarded as the foremost way to improve the range of EVs.LiNi...In the context of the gradual popularity of electric vehicles(EVs),the development of lithium battery systems with high energy density and power density is regarded as the foremost way to improve the range of EVs.LiNi_(1-x-y)Co_(x)Mn_(y)O_(2)(NCM)cathodes have been the focus of researchers due to their high energy density,excellent power performance,and low-temperature resistance.However,the elaboration of the decay mechanism of NCM cathode based on lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is still being restricted to the primary level.In the past decades,the development and application of advanced in-situ characterization tools have facilitated researchers'understanding of the internal operation mechanism of batteries during charging and discharging.In this minireview,the latest progress of in-situ observation of the NCM cathode by X-ray diffraction(XRD),fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy(AFM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),optical microscope,and other characterization tools is summarized.The mechanisms of structural degradation,cathode-electrolyte interfaces(CEIs)composition,and dynamic changes of NCM,electrolyte breakdown,and gas production are elaborated.Finally,based on the existing research progress,the opportunities and challenges for future in-situ characterization technology in the study of the mechanism of LMBs are discussed in depth.Therefore,the purpose of this minireview is to summarize recent work that focuses on the outstanding application of in-situ characterization techniques in the mechanistic study of LMBs,and pointing the way to the future development of high energy density and power density LMBs systems.展开更多
Transport in water is the most common method for transporting live fish in China,however,transport is a strong stressor.Transport stress could lead to a reduced immune and antioxidant system function of tiger grouper,...Transport in water is the most common method for transporting live fish in China,however,transport is a strong stressor.Transport stress could lead to a reduced immune and antioxidant system function of tiger grouper,resulting in sickness and death.Besides,tiger grouper were continuously stressed during transport,which resulted in quality deterioration.It is necessary that find a way to relieve the stress of transportation of tiger grouper.Ascorbic acid is not only a good anti-stress agent,but it is also an effective immunostimulant.β-1,3-glucan is a feed additive that can enhance the immune response of fish.Therefore,this study evaluated the effects ofβ-1,3-glucan and ascorbic acid on the nutritional-immune response and antioxidant signaling pathways of live tiger grouper during simulated transport.Results indicated that addingβ-1,3-glucan and ascorbic acid in transport-water muted the increase of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity.In addition,β-1,3-glucan and ascorbic acid activated Nrf2 and mediated TOR expression and then up-regulate related mRNA expression of antioxidant and immune enzymes.We concluded that the application ofβ-1,3-glucan and ascorbic acid inhibit the increase of metabolism enzymes and inflammatory factors and activate immune and antioxidant signaling pathways to relieve oxidant stress,immune response,and apoptosis.Reducing the loss of amino acids provided nutrients to relieve oxidative stress and immune response,which demonstrated immune-nutritional response in live tiger grouper during simulated transport.These results may provide a new solution for alleviating the decline of immune and antioxidant function of tiger grouper caused by transportation stress.展开更多
Currently,consumers,as well as breeders and producers,are paying more attention to high-quality horticultural food.High quality is a sophisticated combination of appearance(e.g.shape,size,and coloration)and intrinsic ...Currently,consumers,as well as breeders and producers,are paying more attention to high-quality horticultural food.High quality is a sophisticated combination of appearance(e.g.shape,size,and coloration)and intrinsic quality(e.g.flavor,texture,and nutrition),which are determined by genetic control(Ma et al.,2022;Mou et al.,2022;Adaskaveg et al.,2023;Su et al.,2024),agronomic practices(Lin-Wang et al.,2011;Liu et al.,2015;Zhang et al.,2020;Jiang et al.,2022),and postharvest preservation(Liu et al.,2017;Hu et al.,2022;Noonim and Venkatachalam,2022;Nxumalo and Fawole,2022).展开更多
The changes associated with malignancy are not only in cancer cells but also in environment in which cancer cells live.Metabolic reprogramming supports tumor cells’high demand of biogenesis for their rapid proliferat...The changes associated with malignancy are not only in cancer cells but also in environment in which cancer cells live.Metabolic reprogramming supports tumor cells’high demand of biogenesis for their rapid proliferation,and helps tumor cells to survive under certain genetic or environmental stresses.Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alteration is ultimately and tightly associated with genetic changes,in particular the dysregulation of key oncogenic and tumor suppressive signaling pathways.Cancer cells activate HIF signaling even in the presence of oxygen and in the absence of growth factor stimulation.This cancer metabolic phenotype,described firstly by German physiologist Otto Warburg,ensures enhanced glycolytic metabolism for the biosynthesis of macromolecules.The conception of metabolite signaling,i.e.,metabolites are regulators of cell signaling,provides novel insights into how reactive oxygen species(ROS)and other metabolites deregulation may regulate redox homeostasis,epigenetics,and proliferation of cancer cells.Moreover,the unveiling of noncanonical functions of metabolic enzymes,such as the moonlighting functions of phosphoglycerate kinase 1(PGK1),reassures the importance of metabolism in cancer development.The metabolic,microRNAs,and ncRNAs alterations in cancer cells can be sorted and delivered either to intercellular matrix or to cancer adjacent cells to shape cancer microenvironment via media such as exosome.Among them,cancer microenvironmental cells are immune cells which exert profound effects on cancer cells.Understanding of all these processes is a prerequisite for the development of a more effective strategy to contain cancers.展开更多
Mimicry target-directed micro RNA degradation is widespread and highly conserved among eukaryotes. However, little is known about its mechanism of action. In this letter, by using STTM160(target mimic of mi R160) as a...Mimicry target-directed micro RNA degradation is widespread and highly conserved among eukaryotes. However, little is known about its mechanism of action. In this letter, by using STTM160(target mimic of mi R160) as a reporter, we show that dysfunction of HAWAIIAN SKIRT(HWS) suppresses the pleiotropic phenotype of STTM160. Small RNA sequencing and Northern blot analyses suggested that HWS only affects a subset of micro RNAs. Intriguingly,we identified a stable coexistence of mi R160/mi R399 and their mimicry targets within the AGO1 complex when HWS is compromised, pointing to a possible role of HWS in the clearance of RNA-induced silencing complexes associated with mimicry target.展开更多
Sustainable energy conversion and storage provide feasible approaches towards green energy solutions and carbon neutralization.The high cost and complex fabrication process of advanced energy nanomaterials,however,has...Sustainable energy conversion and storage provide feasible approaches towards green energy solutions and carbon neutralization.The high cost and complex fabrication process of advanced energy nanomaterials,however,has impeded the practical application of emerging sustainable technologies.The direct use of earth-abundant natural minerals which contain active elements for effective catalysis and energy storage should be a promising approach to achieve affordable sustainable energy supply and green fuel generations.Herein,as typical examples of activating natural minerals for electrocatalysis,two common minerals,pyrite and chalcopyrite,are activated via a one-step phase transformation strategy.Through a facile thermal reduction process,the minerals are completely transformed into active pyrrhotite(FeS)and haycockite(Cu_(4)Fe_(5)S_(8))phases.The thermal reduction resulting phase transformation can lead to significant surface disordering and can contribute to the catalytic activity by offering favourable electronic structure for intermediates adsorption,abundant surficial active centres,and substantial surface redox pairs.The activated minerals are examined for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysis.The obtained haycockite phase delivers the best performance towards acidic HER and alkaline OER.Further phase optimization is performed via loading a low percentage of iridium nanoclusters on the haycockite phase deposited onto a carbon cloth substrate,through which an overpotential as low as 310 mV for achieving 10 mA cmand a small Tafel slope of 55.6 m V dec-1are recorded for alkaline OER.This work demonstrates the feasibility of the direct use of cost-effective natural resources for addressing the current energy-related issues and paves a way to reach affordable practical emerging sustainable technologies.展开更多
This study was aimed at preparing chitosan(CS)-phenolic acids copolymers to obtain better preservation effect in marine products.In this work,CS was grafted onto phenolic acids such as gallic acid(GA)and protocatechui...This study was aimed at preparing chitosan(CS)-phenolic acids copolymers to obtain better preservation effect in marine products.In this work,CS was grafted onto phenolic acids such as gallic acid(GA)and protocatechuic acid(PA)by a carbodiimide coupling method.The copolymers(CS-grafted-GA(CS-g-GA)and CS-grafted-PA(CS-g-PA))were further confirmed through physicochemical properties including ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)spectrophotography,fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectrometry,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)thermogram,rheological behaviour,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and antioxidant activity analysis.Subsequently,the effects of copolymers on preservation of refrigerated sea bass(Lateolabrax japonicus)fillets were investigated.The results showed that the CS-g-GA(110.82 mg GA/g)exhibited higher grafting rate than CS-g-PA(62.63 mg PA/g).According to the assessment of UV-Vis and FTIR spectrometry,both the GA and PA were grafted onto CS successfully.SEM analysis demonstrated that the microstructure of copolymers became irregular.Meanwhile,both the CS-g-GA and CS-g-PA copolymers displayed superior thermal stability,rheological properties and antioxidant capacity than the pure CS.Furthermore,the copolymers also revealed a significantly stronger preservation effect on sea bass fillets including inhibiting microbial growth and delaying the deterioration of color,texture and sensory quality.Therefore,CS-g-GA and CS-g-PA could be used as promising preservatives for seafood.展开更多
The concept of all-solid-state batteries provides an efficient solution towards highly safe and long-life energy storage,while the electrolyte-related challenges impede their practical application.Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12(0...The concept of all-solid-state batteries provides an efficient solution towards highly safe and long-life energy storage,while the electrolyte-related challenges impede their practical application.Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12(0≤x≤1)with superior Li ionic conductivity holds the promise as an ideal solidstate electrolyte.The intrinsic mechanism to reach the most optimum ionic conductivity in Al-doped Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12,however,is unclear to date.Herein,this work intends to provide an atomic scale study on the Li-ion transport in Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12electrolyte to rationalize how Al-dopant initiates interstitial Li activity and facilitate their easy mobility combining Density Functional Theory(DFT)and ab initio Molecular dynamics(AIMD)simulations.It is discovered that the interstitial Li ions introduced by Al dopants can effectively activate the neighboring occupied intrinsic Li-ions to induce a long-range mobility in the lattice and the maximum Li ionic conductivity is achieved at 0.50 Al doping concentration.The Li-ion migration paths in Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12have investigated as the degree of distortion of[PO4]tetrahedra and[TiO6]octahedra resulted by different Al doping concentrations.The asymmetry of the surrounding distorted[PO4]and[TiO6]polyhedrons play a critical role in reducing the migration barrier of Li ions in Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12.The flexible[Ti O6]polyhedrons with a capacity to accommodate the structural distortion govern the Li ionic conductivity in Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12.This work rationalizes the mechanism for the most optimum Li ionic conductivity in Al-doped Li Ti2P3O12electrolyte and,more importantly,paves a road for exploring novel all-solid-state lithium battery electrolytes.展开更多
Objectives:The nutrient rich sea bass is prone to oxidation of lipid and protein during refrigeration.Materials and Methods:The research was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Melissa officinalis...Objectives:The nutrient rich sea bass is prone to oxidation of lipid and protein during refrigeration.Materials and Methods:The research was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Melissa officinalis L.essential oil(MOEO)nanoemulsions on myofibrillar protein(MP)and lipid oxidation in sea bass(Lateolabrax japonicus)during refrigeration at 4°C.Results:The results of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and mitochondrial membrane potential showed that carboxymethyl chitosan/locust bean gum active coating solutions incorporating 2%MOEO nanoemulsions(C/L-2M)was the most effective in inhibiting lipid oxidation that occurred in sea bass under attack by reactive oxygen species.Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance results showed that C/L-2M maximally slowed the conversion of bound water to free water during storage.The oxidation of lipids and MP disrupted the secondary and tertiary conformations of MP and accelerated protein aggregation and degradation.Conclusions:C/L-2M slowed the oxidation of lipids and proteins by inhibiting the oxidation of reactive oxygen species.C/L-2M is a very promising preservative emulsion for the preservation of sea bass.展开更多
基金supported by Australian Research Council Discovery Projects(DP230101625 and DP200103568)Australian Research Council Future Fel owships(FT180100387 and FT160100281)QUT ECR Scheme Grant(no.2020001179)
文摘Metal exsolution engineering has been regarded as a promising strategy for activating intrinsically inert perovskite oxide catalysts toward efficient oxygen evolution reaction.Traditional metal exsolution processes on perovskites are often achieved by using the reducing hydrogen gas;however,this is not effective for the relatively stable phase,such as Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite oxides.To address this issue,triphenylphosphine is proposed to be a reduction promotor for accelerating the reduction and migration of the target metal atoms,aiming to achieve the effective exsolution of metallic species from Ruddlesden-Popper-type parent perovskites.Upon oxygen evolution reaction,these exsolved metallic aggregates are reconstructed into oxyhydroxides as the real active centers.After further modification by lowpercentage iridium oxide nanoclusters,the optimal catalyst delivered an overpotential as low as 305 mV for generating the density of 10 mA cm^(-2),outperforming these reported noble metal-containing perovskite-based alkaline oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts.This work provides a potential approach to activate catalytically inert oxides through promoting surface metal exsolution and explores a novel class of Ruddlesden-Poppertype oxides for electrocatalytic applications.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2011BAE23B00)
文摘A new horizontal continuous casting method with heating-cooling combined mold （HCCM） technology was explored for fabri- cating high-quality thin-wall cupronickel alloy tubes used for heat exchange pipes. The microstructure and mechanical properties of BFe 10 cupronickel alloy tubes fabricated by HCCM and traditional continuous casting （cooling mold casting） were comparatively investigated. The results show that the tube fabricated by HCCM has smooth internal and external surfaces without any defects, and its internal and external surface roughnesses are 0.64 μm and 0.85 μm, respectively. The tube could be used for subsequent cold processing without other treatments such as surface planning, milling and acid-washing. This indicates that HCCM can effectively reduce the process flow and improve the pro- duction efficiency of a BFel0 cupronickel alloy tube. The tube has columnar grains along its axial direction with a major casting texture of {012}〈 621 〉. Compared with cooling mold casting （6 = 36.5%）, HCCM can improve elongation （3 = 46.3%） by 10% with a slight loss of strength, which indicates that HCCM remarkably improves the cold extension performance of a BFe 10 cupronickel alloy tube.
基金financial support of National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No.2011BAE23B00)
文摘Based on horizontal continuous casting with a heating-cooling combined mold （HCCM） technology, this article investigated the effects of processing parameters on the liquid-solid interface （LSI） position and the influence of LSI position on the surface quality, microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of a BFe10-1-1 tube （φ50 mm × 5 mm）. HCCM efficiently improves the temperature gradient in front of the LSI. Through controlling the LSI position, the radial columnar-grained microstructure that is commonly generated by cooling mold casting can be eliminated, and the axial columnar-grained microstructure can be obtained. Under the condition of 1250℃ melting and holding temperature, 1200-1250℃ mold heating temperature, 50-80 mm/min mean drawing speed, and 500-700 L/h cooling water flow rate, the LSI position is located at the middle of the transition zone or near the entrance of the cooling section, and the as-cast tube not only has a strong axial columnar-grained microstructure （{hkl}〈621〉, {hkl}〈221〉） due to strong axial heating conduction during solidification but also has smooth internal and external surfaces without cracks, scratches, and other macroscopic defects due to short solidified shell length and short contact length between the tube and the mold at high temperature. The elongation and tensile strength of the tube are 46.0%-47.2% and 210-221 MPa, respectively, which can be directly used for the subsequent cold-large-strain processing.
基金J.X.and J.M.gratefully acknowledge the funding from Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,Grant No.19395800100Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation,Grant No.17DZ2293400.
文摘Low-temperature storage is extensively used to optimize the postharvest life of various fresh fruits.However,red pitahaya(Hylocereus polyrhizus)fruits are sensitive to chilling injury(CI),which leads to the limitation of low-temperature storage.In this study,red pitahaya fruits were stored at 2,4,6,8,and 10℃,respectively,for 27 days to determine the appropriate storage temperature.During the storage of red pitahaya fruits,storage at 8℃ was more effective in suppressing decay and maintaining quality than other low temperatures.Lowtemperature(2,4,and 6℃)storage decreased weight loss(WL)and maintained higher content of titratable acidity(TA),soluble sugars(SS),and total phenolics(TP)but different degrees of CI were detected.No CI was observed at 8℃ and 10℃.Red pitahay as stored at 8 and 10℃ were associated with better color evaluation,lower electrolyte leakage(EL),respiration rate,and lipoxygenase(LOX)activity,and higher fruit firmness,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and catalase(CAT)activity.However,higher storage temperature(10℃)resulted in higher metabolic activity leading to lower quality and antioxidant capacities compared with 8℃.Therefore,our results demonstrated that red pitahaya stored at 8℃ exhibited a protective effect on fruit quality and resisted CI development during storage.
基金supported by Australian Research Council (ARC) through an ARC Discovery Project (DP200103568)two ARC Future Fel owship projects (FT180100387 and FT160100281)+1 种基金the financial support by a QUT 2020 ECR Scheme Grant (No. 2020001179)the project mentorship provided by Prof. Godwin Ayoko
文摘Two-dimensional/two-dimensional(2D/2D)heterostructures consisting of two or more 2D building blocks possess intriguing electronic features at the nanosized interfacial regions,endowing the possibility for effectively modulating the confinement,and transport of charge carriers,excitons,photons,phonons,etc.to bring about a wide range of extraordinary physical,chemical,thermal,and/or mechanical properties.By rational design and synthesis of 2D/2D heterostructures,electrochemical properties for advanced batteries and electrocatalysis can be well regulated to meet some practical requirements.In this review,a summary on the commonly employed synthetic strategies for 2D/2D heterostructures is first given,followed by a comprehensive review on recent progress for their applications in batteries and various electrocatalysis reactions.Finally,a critical outlook on the current challenges and promising solutions is presented,which is expected to offer some insightful ideas on the design principles of advanced 2D-based nanomaterials to address the current challenges in sustainable energy storages and green fuel generations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61773220,61876192,61907021)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei(ZRMS2019000752)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662018QD057,CZT20022,CZT20020)Academic Team in Universities(KTZ20051)School Talent Funds(YZZ19004)。
文摘To improve the energy efficiency of a direct expansion air conditioning(DX A/C) system while guaranteeing occupancy comfort, a hierarchical controller for a DX A/C system with uncertain parameters is proposed. The control strategy consists of an open loop optimization controller and a closed-loop guaranteed cost periodically intermittent-switch controller(GCPISC). The error dynamics system of the closed-loop control is modelled based on the GCPISC principle. The difference,compared to the previous DX A/C system control methods, is that the controller designed in this paper performs control at discrete times. For the ease of designing the controller, a series of matrix inequalities are derived to be the sufficient conditions of the lower-layer closed-loop GCPISC controller. In this way, the DX A/C system output is derived to follow the optimal references obtained through the upper-layer open loop controller in exponential time, and the energy efficiency of the system is improved. Moreover, a static optimization problem is addressed for obtaining an optimal GCPISC law to ensure a minimum upper bound on the DX A/C system performance considering energy efficiency and output tracking error. The advantages of the designed hierarchical controller for a DX A/C system with uncertain parameters are demonstrated through some simulation results.
基金supported by an Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DECRA)project(DE150100280)an ARC Discovery Project(DP160102627)an ARC Future Fellowship Project(FT160100281)
文摘Two-dimensional（2D） metal oxide nanosheets have attracted much attention as potential electrode materials for rechargeable batteries in recent years. This is primarily due to their natural abundance, environmental compatibility, and low cost as well as good electrochemical properties. Despite the fact that most metal oxides possess low conductivity, the introduction of some conductive heterogeneous components, such as nano-carbon, carbon nanotubes（CNTs）, and graphene, to form metal oxide-based hybrids,can effectively overcome this drawback. In this mini review, we will summarize the recent advances of three typical 2D metal oxide nanomaterials, namely, binary metal oxides, ternary metal oxides, and hybrid metal oxides, which are used for the electrochemical applications of next-generation rechargeable batteries, mainly for lithium-ion batteries（LIBs） and sodium-ion batteries（SIBs）. Hence, this review intends to functionalize as a good reference for the further research on 2D nanomaterials and the further development of energy-storage devices.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-47)the Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation(Nos.20DZ2292200 and 19DZ1207503)China.All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
文摘The effect of gum tragacanth(GT)and sodium alginate(SA)active coatings incorporated with epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG;0.16%,0.32%,and 0.64%,respectively)on the quality of large yellow croaker fillets was evaluated during superchilling storage at–3˚C for 42 d.The results revealed that the GT-SA-EGCG active coatings delayed microbial spoilage by reducing the total viable counts of Pseudomonas spp.and psychrophile bacteria and retarded the degradation of the physical properties of water-holding capacity,cooking loss,color,odor and texture.GT-SA-EGCG coatings could also maintain fillet freshness by maintaining lower total volatile basic nitrogen,K value,and histidine content,inhibiting myofibrillar protein degradation during superchilling storage.These results suggested that the active coatings embedded with GT-SA-EGCG could be used as a preservative to enhance the quality of large yellow croaker and prolong the shelf life by 7–14 d during superchilling storage at–3˚C.
基金supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A2072,52072352,and 21875226)the Foundation for the Youth S&T Innovation Team of Sichuan Province(No.2020JDTD0035)Tianfu Rencai Plan.
文摘In the context of the gradual popularity of electric vehicles(EVs),the development of lithium battery systems with high energy density and power density is regarded as the foremost way to improve the range of EVs.LiNi_(1-x-y)Co_(x)Mn_(y)O_(2)(NCM)cathodes have been the focus of researchers due to their high energy density,excellent power performance,and low-temperature resistance.However,the elaboration of the decay mechanism of NCM cathode based on lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is still being restricted to the primary level.In the past decades,the development and application of advanced in-situ characterization tools have facilitated researchers'understanding of the internal operation mechanism of batteries during charging and discharging.In this minireview,the latest progress of in-situ observation of the NCM cathode by X-ray diffraction(XRD),fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy(AFM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),optical microscope,and other characterization tools is summarized.The mechanisms of structural degradation,cathode-electrolyte interfaces(CEIs)composition,and dynamic changes of NCM,electrolyte breakdown,and gas production are elaborated.Finally,based on the existing research progress,the opportunities and challenges for future in-situ characterization technology in the study of the mechanism of LMBs are discussed in depth.Therefore,the purpose of this minireview is to summarize recent work that focuses on the outstanding application of in-situ characterization techniques in the mechanistic study of LMBs,and pointing the way to the future development of high energy density and power density LMBs systems.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0901601)Shanghai Science and Technology Key Project on Agriculture from Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission(2019-02-08-00-10-F01143)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA[CARS-47]Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Project to Enhance the Capabilities of the PlatForm[20DZ2292200,19DZ2284000].
文摘Transport in water is the most common method for transporting live fish in China,however,transport is a strong stressor.Transport stress could lead to a reduced immune and antioxidant system function of tiger grouper,resulting in sickness and death.Besides,tiger grouper were continuously stressed during transport,which resulted in quality deterioration.It is necessary that find a way to relieve the stress of transportation of tiger grouper.Ascorbic acid is not only a good anti-stress agent,but it is also an effective immunostimulant.β-1,3-glucan is a feed additive that can enhance the immune response of fish.Therefore,this study evaluated the effects ofβ-1,3-glucan and ascorbic acid on the nutritional-immune response and antioxidant signaling pathways of live tiger grouper during simulated transport.Results indicated that addingβ-1,3-glucan and ascorbic acid in transport-water muted the increase of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity.In addition,β-1,3-glucan and ascorbic acid activated Nrf2 and mediated TOR expression and then up-regulate related mRNA expression of antioxidant and immune enzymes.We concluded that the application ofβ-1,3-glucan and ascorbic acid inhibit the increase of metabolism enzymes and inflammatory factors and activate immune and antioxidant signaling pathways to relieve oxidant stress,immune response,and apoptosis.Reducing the loss of amino acids provided nutrients to relieve oxidative stress and immune response,which demonstrated immune-nutritional response in live tiger grouper during simulated transport.These results may provide a new solution for alleviating the decline of immune and antioxidant function of tiger grouper caused by transportation stress.
文摘Currently,consumers,as well as breeders and producers,are paying more attention to high-quality horticultural food.High quality is a sophisticated combination of appearance(e.g.shape,size,and coloration)and intrinsic quality(e.g.flavor,texture,and nutrition),which are determined by genetic control(Ma et al.,2022;Mou et al.,2022;Adaskaveg et al.,2023;Su et al.,2024),agronomic practices(Lin-Wang et al.,2011;Liu et al.,2015;Zhang et al.,2020;Jiang et al.,2022),and postharvest preservation(Liu et al.,2017;Hu et al.,2022;Noonim and Venkatachalam,2022;Nxumalo and Fawole,2022).
文摘The changes associated with malignancy are not only in cancer cells but also in environment in which cancer cells live.Metabolic reprogramming supports tumor cells’high demand of biogenesis for their rapid proliferation,and helps tumor cells to survive under certain genetic or environmental stresses.Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alteration is ultimately and tightly associated with genetic changes,in particular the dysregulation of key oncogenic and tumor suppressive signaling pathways.Cancer cells activate HIF signaling even in the presence of oxygen and in the absence of growth factor stimulation.This cancer metabolic phenotype,described firstly by German physiologist Otto Warburg,ensures enhanced glycolytic metabolism for the biosynthesis of macromolecules.The conception of metabolite signaling,i.e.,metabolites are regulators of cell signaling,provides novel insights into how reactive oxygen species(ROS)and other metabolites deregulation may regulate redox homeostasis,epigenetics,and proliferation of cancer cells.Moreover,the unveiling of noncanonical functions of metabolic enzymes,such as the moonlighting functions of phosphoglycerate kinase 1(PGK1),reassures the importance of metabolism in cancer development.The metabolic,microRNAs,and ncRNAs alterations in cancer cells can be sorted and delivered either to intercellular matrix or to cancer adjacent cells to shape cancer microenvironment via media such as exosome.Among them,cancer microenvironmental cells are immune cells which exert profound effects on cancer cells.Understanding of all these processes is a prerequisite for the development of a more effective strategy to contain cancers.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0503200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91740101, 31622009 and 31471221)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (2015JC1400800) to G.R
文摘Mimicry target-directed micro RNA degradation is widespread and highly conserved among eukaryotes. However, little is known about its mechanism of action. In this letter, by using STTM160(target mimic of mi R160) as a reporter, we show that dysfunction of HAWAIIAN SKIRT(HWS) suppresses the pleiotropic phenotype of STTM160. Small RNA sequencing and Northern blot analyses suggested that HWS only affects a subset of micro RNAs. Intriguingly,we identified a stable coexistence of mi R160/mi R399 and their mimicry targets within the AGO1 complex when HWS is compromised, pointing to a possible role of HWS in the clearance of RNA-induced silencing complexes associated with mimicry target.
基金supported by an ARC Discovery Project(No.DP200103568)two ARC Future Fellowship projects(Nos.FT180100387 and FT160100281)+1 种基金financial support by the QUT 2020 ECR Scheme Grant(No.2020001179)the financial support by the Advance Queensland Industry Research Fellowship(No.AQIRF014–2019RD2)。
文摘Sustainable energy conversion and storage provide feasible approaches towards green energy solutions and carbon neutralization.The high cost and complex fabrication process of advanced energy nanomaterials,however,has impeded the practical application of emerging sustainable technologies.The direct use of earth-abundant natural minerals which contain active elements for effective catalysis and energy storage should be a promising approach to achieve affordable sustainable energy supply and green fuel generations.Herein,as typical examples of activating natural minerals for electrocatalysis,two common minerals,pyrite and chalcopyrite,are activated via a one-step phase transformation strategy.Through a facile thermal reduction process,the minerals are completely transformed into active pyrrhotite(FeS)and haycockite(Cu_(4)Fe_(5)S_(8))phases.The thermal reduction resulting phase transformation can lead to significant surface disordering and can contribute to the catalytic activity by offering favourable electronic structure for intermediates adsorption,abundant surficial active centres,and substantial surface redox pairs.The activated minerals are examined for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysis.The obtained haycockite phase delivers the best performance towards acidic HER and alkaline OER.Further phase optimization is performed via loading a low percentage of iridium nanoclusters on the haycockite phase deposited onto a carbon cloth substrate,through which an overpotential as low as 310 mV for achieving 10 mA cmand a small Tafel slope of 55.6 m V dec-1are recorded for alkaline OER.This work demonstrates the feasibility of the direct use of cost-effective natural resources for addressing the current energy-related issues and paves a way to reach affordable practical emerging sustainable technologies.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0901602)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-47-G26)Ability promotion project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Engineering Center(19DZ2284000).
文摘This study was aimed at preparing chitosan(CS)-phenolic acids copolymers to obtain better preservation effect in marine products.In this work,CS was grafted onto phenolic acids such as gallic acid(GA)and protocatechuic acid(PA)by a carbodiimide coupling method.The copolymers(CS-grafted-GA(CS-g-GA)and CS-grafted-PA(CS-g-PA))were further confirmed through physicochemical properties including ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)spectrophotography,fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectrometry,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)thermogram,rheological behaviour,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and antioxidant activity analysis.Subsequently,the effects of copolymers on preservation of refrigerated sea bass(Lateolabrax japonicus)fillets were investigated.The results showed that the CS-g-GA(110.82 mg GA/g)exhibited higher grafting rate than CS-g-PA(62.63 mg PA/g).According to the assessment of UV-Vis and FTIR spectrometry,both the GA and PA were grafted onto CS successfully.SEM analysis demonstrated that the microstructure of copolymers became irregular.Meanwhile,both the CS-g-GA and CS-g-PA copolymers displayed superior thermal stability,rheological properties and antioxidant capacity than the pure CS.Furthermore,the copolymers also revealed a significantly stronger preservation effect on sea bass fillets including inhibiting microbial growth and delaying the deterioration of color,texture and sensory quality.Therefore,CS-g-GA and CS-g-PA could be used as promising preservatives for seafood.
基金supported by the honored scholarship of Queensland University of Technology,Australian Research Council(ARC)through ARC Future Fellowship projects(FT 160100281 and FT180100387)ARC Discovery Project(DP160102627)。
文摘The concept of all-solid-state batteries provides an efficient solution towards highly safe and long-life energy storage,while the electrolyte-related challenges impede their practical application.Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12(0≤x≤1)with superior Li ionic conductivity holds the promise as an ideal solidstate electrolyte.The intrinsic mechanism to reach the most optimum ionic conductivity in Al-doped Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12,however,is unclear to date.Herein,this work intends to provide an atomic scale study on the Li-ion transport in Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12electrolyte to rationalize how Al-dopant initiates interstitial Li activity and facilitate their easy mobility combining Density Functional Theory(DFT)and ab initio Molecular dynamics(AIMD)simulations.It is discovered that the interstitial Li ions introduced by Al dopants can effectively activate the neighboring occupied intrinsic Li-ions to induce a long-range mobility in the lattice and the maximum Li ionic conductivity is achieved at 0.50 Al doping concentration.The Li-ion migration paths in Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12have investigated as the degree of distortion of[PO4]tetrahedra and[TiO6]octahedra resulted by different Al doping concentrations.The asymmetry of the surrounding distorted[PO4]and[TiO6]polyhedrons play a critical role in reducing the migration barrier of Li ions in Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12.The flexible[Ti O6]polyhedrons with a capacity to accommodate the structural distortion govern the Li ionic conductivity in Li1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12.This work rationalizes the mechanism for the most optimum Li ionic conductivity in Al-doped Li Ti2P3O12electrolyte and,more importantly,paves a road for exploring novel all-solid-state lithium battery electrolytes.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-47)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Project to Enhance the Capabilities of the Platform(Nos.20DZ2292200 and 19DZ2284000),China.
文摘Objectives:The nutrient rich sea bass is prone to oxidation of lipid and protein during refrigeration.Materials and Methods:The research was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Melissa officinalis L.essential oil(MOEO)nanoemulsions on myofibrillar protein(MP)and lipid oxidation in sea bass(Lateolabrax japonicus)during refrigeration at 4°C.Results:The results of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and mitochondrial membrane potential showed that carboxymethyl chitosan/locust bean gum active coating solutions incorporating 2%MOEO nanoemulsions(C/L-2M)was the most effective in inhibiting lipid oxidation that occurred in sea bass under attack by reactive oxygen species.Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance results showed that C/L-2M maximally slowed the conversion of bound water to free water during storage.The oxidation of lipids and MP disrupted the secondary and tertiary conformations of MP and accelerated protein aggregation and degradation.Conclusions:C/L-2M slowed the oxidation of lipids and proteins by inhibiting the oxidation of reactive oxygen species.C/L-2M is a very promising preservative emulsion for the preservation of sea bass.
