Rice is a major crop susceptible to chilling stress.The identification of quantitative trait loci and genes for cold tolerance is crucial for the rice breeding.Of 30 quantitative-trait loci affecting seedling cold tol...Rice is a major crop susceptible to chilling stress.The identification of quantitative trait loci and genes for cold tolerance is crucial for the rice breeding.Of 30 quantitative-trait loci affecting seedling cold tolerance identified in a genome-wide association study of 540 rice accessions,OsbZIP72 was assigned as the causative gene for one,qCTS9.1.A single-nucleotide polymorphism in its promoter accounted for variation in expression between indica and japonica subspecies.The favorable haplotype of OsbZIP72 originated in wild rice and contributed to the expansion of japonica rice to colder habitats.OsbZIP72 positively regulates genes coding reactive oxygen species(ROS)-scavenging proteins and maintains intracellular ROS homeostasis.These findings not only enhanced our understanding of environmental adaptation but also provide novel genetic resources and potential targets for molecular design breeding for cold tolerance in rice.展开更多
Objectives:Caveolin-3(Cav-3)plays a pivotal role in maintaining skeletal muscle mass and function.Mutations ordeletions of Cav-3 can result in the development of variousforms of myopathy,which affect the integrity and...Objectives:Caveolin-3(Cav-3)plays a pivotal role in maintaining skeletal muscle mass and function.Mutations ordeletions of Cav-3 can result in the development of variousforms of myopathy,which affect the integrity and repaircapacity of musclefiber membranes.However,the potentialeffect of Cav-3 on myofiber type composition remainsunclear.Methods:To investigate the effect of Cav-3 on musclestrength and running capacity,we examined the grip forcetest and the low/high-speed running test.Oxidative andglycolytic myofiber-related genes,proteins,and skeletalmusclefiber composition were measured to determine therole of the Cav-3 in oxidative myofiber formation.Results:We report the impact of Cav-3 on enhancing muscleendurance performance in female mice,and the discovery ofa new physiological function to increase the proportion ofslow-twitch oxidative musclefiber by analyzing thegastrocnemius and soleus.Skeletal muscle-specific ablationof Cav-3 in female mice increased oxidative myofiber-relatedgene expression and type I oxidative myofiber composition,with resultant improvements in endurance performance.Inmale mice,the absence of Cav-3 in skeletal muscle reduced inthe expression of glycolyticfiber-related genes and proteins.Conclusions:This study identified Cav-3 as a regulatorof slow-twitch oxidative musclefiber formation acting onfemale mice,which may provide a potential target forimproving muscle oxidative function.展开更多
Rice panicle architecture affects grain number per panicle and thereby grain yield.Many genes involved in control of panicle architecture have been identified in the past decades.According to their effect on phenotype...Rice panicle architecture affects grain number per panicle and thereby grain yield.Many genes involved in control of panicle architecture have been identified in the past decades.According to their effect on phenotype,these genes are divided into three categories:panicle branch and lateral spikelets,multifloret spikelets,and panicle type.We review these genes,describe their genetic regulatory network,and propose a strategy for using them in rice breeding.These findings on rice panicle architecture may facilitate related studies in other crops.展开更多
The yield of rice is mostly affected by three factors,namely,panicle number,grain number and grain weight.Variation in panicle and grain numbers is mainly caused by tiller and panicle branches generated from axillary ...The yield of rice is mostly affected by three factors,namely,panicle number,grain number and grain weight.Variation in panicle and grain numbers is mainly caused by tiller and panicle branches generated from axillary meristems(AMs).MOC1 encodes a putative GRAS family nuclear protein that regulates AM formation.Although several alleles of MOC1 have been identified,its variation in germplasm resources remains unclear.In the present study we characterized a novel mocl allele named gnp6 which has a thymine insertion in the coding sequence of the SAW motif in the GRAS domain.This mutation causes arrested branch formation.The SAW motif is necessary for nuclear localization of GNP6/MOC1 where it functions as a transcription factor or co-regulator.Haplotype analysis showed that the coding region of GNP6/MOC1 was conserved without any non-synonymous mutations in 240 rice accessions.However,variation in the promoter region might affect the expression of it and its downstream genes.Joint haplotype analysis of GNP6/MOC1 and MOC3 showed that haplotype combinations H9,H10 and H11,namely MOC1-Hap1 in combination with MOC3-Hap3,MOC3-Hap4 or MOC3-Hap5 could be bred to promote branch formation.These findings will enrich the genetic resources available for rice breeders.展开更多
The C (Cys) 2H (His) 2-type transcription factor is one of the most important transcription factors in plants and plays a regulatory role in the physiological responses of rice to abiotic stresses.A novel rice C2H2-ty...The C (Cys) 2H (His) 2-type transcription factor is one of the most important transcription factors in plants and plays a regulatory role in the physiological responses of rice to abiotic stresses.A novel rice C2H2-type zinc finger protein,abscisic acid (ABA)-drought-reactive oxygen species (ROS) 3 (OsADR3),was found to confer drought stress tolerance by enhancing antioxidant defense and regulating Os GPX1.Overexpression of OsADR3 in rice increased tolerance to drought stress by increasing ROS scavenging ability and ABA sensitivity.In contrast,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of osadr3 increased the sensitivity of rice to drought and oxidative stress.An exogenous ROS-scavenging reagent restored the droughtstress tolerance of osadr3-CRISPR plants.Global transcriptome analysis suggested that OsADR3 increased the expression of Os GPX1 under drought stress.Electrophoretic mobility shift,yeast one-hybrid,and dualluciferase reporter assays revealed that OsADR3 modified the expression of Os GPX1 by directly binding to its promoter.Knockdown of Os GPX1 repressed ROS scavenging ability under drought stress in OsADR3-overexpression plants.These findings suggest that OsADR3 plays a positive regulatory role in droughtstress tolerance by inducing antioxidant defense and associated with the ABA signaling pathway in rice.展开更多
Introgression lines （ILs） are valuable materials for identifying quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, evaluating genetic interactions, and marker assisted breeding. A set of 430 ILs （BC5F3） containing segments from u...Introgression lines （ILs） are valuable materials for identifying quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, evaluating genetic interactions, and marker assisted breeding. A set of 430 ILs （BC5F3） containing segments from upland tropical japonica cultivar IRAT109 in a lowland temperate japonica cultivar Yuefu background were developed. One hundred and seventy-six polymorphic markers were used to identify introgressed segments. No segment from IRAT109 was found in 160 lines. Introgressed segments of the other 270 lines covered 99.1% of the donor genome. The mean number of introgressed donor segments per individual was 3.3 with an average length of 14.4 cM. QTL analysis was conducted on basal root thickness （BRT） of the 270 ILs grown under irrigated lowland, upland and hydroponic conditions. A total of 22 QTLs affecting BRT were identified, six QTLs （qBRT3.1, qBRT3.2, qBRT6.1, qBRTS.2, qBRT9.1, and qBRT9.2） were consistently expressed under at least two environments （location and water regime）, and qBRT7.2 was a new BRT QTL identified under lowland conditions. IL255 containing qBRT9.1 showed an increase of 10.09% and 7.07% BRT over cultivar Yuefu when grown under upland and lowland conditions, respectively. Using a population of 304 F2：3 lines derived from the cross IL255 Yuefu, qBRT9.1 was validated and mapped to a 1.2 cM interval between RM24271 and RM566. The presence of qBRT9.1 explained 12% of BRT variation. The results provide upland rice ILs and BRT QTLs for analyzing the genetic basis of drought resistance, detecting favorable genes from upland rice, and rice drought resistance breeding.展开更多
Drought is a major environmental stress limiting crop yields worldwide.Upland rice(Oryza sativa)has evolved complex genetic mechanisms for adaptative growth under drought stress.However,few genetic variants that media...Drought is a major environmental stress limiting crop yields worldwide.Upland rice(Oryza sativa)has evolved complex genetic mechanisms for adaptative growth under drought stress.However,few genetic variants that mediate drought resistance in upland rice have been identified,and little is known about the evolution of this trait during rice domestication.In this study,using a genome-wide association study we identified ROOT LENGTH 1(RoLe1)that controls rice root length and drought resistance.We found that a G-to-T polymorphism in the RoLe1 promoter causes increased binding of the transcription factor OsNAC41 and thereby enhanced expression of RoLe1.We further showed that RoLe1 interacts with OsAGAP,an ARF-GTPase activating protein involved in auxin-dependent root development,and interferes with its function to modulate root development.Interestingly,RoLe1 could enhance crop yield by increasing the seed-setting rate under moderate drought conditions.Genomic evolutionary analysis revealed that a newly arisen favorable allelic variant,proRoLe1−526T,originated from the midwest Asia and was retained in upland rice during domestication.Collectively,our study identifies an OsNAC41-RoLe1-OsAGAP module that promotes upland rice root development and drought resistance,providing promising genetic targets for molecular breeding of drought-resistant rice varieties.展开更多
The main constituents of a typical medicinal herb, Polygonum multiflorum （Heshouwu in Chinese）, that induces idiosyncratic liver injury remain unclear. Our previous work has shown that cotreatment with a nontoxic do...The main constituents of a typical medicinal herb, Polygonum multiflorum （Heshouwu in Chinese）, that induces idiosyncratic liver injury remain unclear. Our previous work has shown that cotreatment with a nontoxic dose of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and therapeutic dose of Heshouwu can induce liver injury in rats, whereas the solo treatment cannot induce observable injury. In the present work, using the constituent ＂knock-out＂ and ＂knock-in＂ strategy, we found that the ethyl acetate （EA） extract of Heshouwu displayed comparable idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity to the whole extract in LPS-treated rats. Results indicated a significant elevation of plasma alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and liver histologic changes, whereas other separated fractions failed to induce liver injury. The mixture of EA extract with other separated fractions induced comparable idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity to the whole extract in LPS-treated rats. Chemical analysis further revealed that 2,3,5,4＇-tetrahydroxy trans-stilbene-2-O-p-glucoside （trans-SG） and its cis-isomer were the two major compounds in EA extract. Furthermore, the isolated cis-, and not its trans-isomer, displayed comparable idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity to EA extract in LPS-treated rats. Higher contents of cis-SG were detected in Heshouwu liquor or preparations from actual liver intoxication patients associated with Heshouwu compared with general collected samples. In addition, plasma metabolomics analysis showed that cis-SG-disturbing enriched pathways remarkably differed from trans-SG ones in LPS-treated rats. All these results suggested that cis-SG was closely associated with the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of Heshouwu. Considering that the cis-trans isomerization oftrans- SG was mediated by ultraviolet light or sunlight, our findings serve as reference for controlling photoisomerization in drug discovery and for the clinical use of Heshouwu and stilbene-related medications.展开更多
Drought is a major factor restricting the production of rice(Oryza sativa L.).The identification of natural variants for drought stress-related genes is an important step toward developing genetically improved rice va...Drought is a major factor restricting the production of rice(Oryza sativa L.).The identification of natural variants for drought stress-related genes is an important step toward developing genetically improved rice varieties.Here,we characterized a member of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE(SPL)family,OsSPL10,as a transcription factor involved in the regulation of drought tolerance in rice.OsSPL10 appears to play a vital role in drought tolerance by controlling reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and stomatal movements.Haplotype and allele frequency analyses of OsSPL10 indicated that most upland rice and improved lowland rice varieties harbor the OsSPL10Hap1allele,whereas the OsSPL10Hap2allele was mainly present in lowland and landrace rice varieties.Importantly,we demonstrated that the varieties with the OsSPL10Hap1allele showed low expression levels of OsSPL10 and its downstream gene,OsNAC2,which decreases the expression of OsAP37 and increases the expression of OsCOX11,thus preventing ROS accumulation and programmed cell death(PCD).Furthermore,the knockdown or knockout of OsSPL10 induced fast stomatal closure and prevented water loss,thereby improving drought tolerance in rice.Based on these observations,we propose that OsSPL10 confers drought tolerance by regulating OsNAC2 expression and that OsSPL10Hap1could be a valuable haplotype for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in rice.展开更多
Trichomes function in plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses;examination of glabrous lines,which lack trichomes,has revealed key aspects of trichome development and function.Tests of allelism in 51 glabrou...Trichomes function in plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses;examination of glabrous lines,which lack trichomes,has revealed key aspects of trichome development and function.Tests of allelism in 51 glabrous rice(Oryza sativa)accessions collected worldwide identified OsSPL10 and OsWOX3B as regulators of trichome development in rice.Here,we report that OsSPL10 acts as a transcriptional regulator controlling trichome development.Haplotype and transient expression analyses revealed that variation in the approximately 700-bp OsSPL10 promoter region is the primary cause of the glabrous phenotype in the indica cultivar WD-17993.Disruption of OsSPL10 by genome editing decreased leaf trichome density and length in the NIL-HL6 background.Plants with genotype OsSPL10^(WD-17993)/HL6 generated by crossing WD-17993 with NIL-HL6 also had fewer trichomes in the glumes.HAIRY LEAF6(HL6)encodes another transcription factor that regulates trichome initiation and elongation,and OsSPL10 directly binds to the HL6 promoter to regulate its expression.Moreover,the transcript levels of auxin-related genes,such as OsYUCCA5 and OsPIN-FORMED1b,were altered in OsSPL10 overexpression and RNAi transgenic lines.Feeding tests using locusts(Locusta migratoria)demonstrated that non-glandular trichomes affect feeding by this herbivore.Our findings provide a molecular framework for trichome development and an ecological perspective on trichome functions.展开更多
Suzuki coupling reactions between symmetrical monomers were conducted in various mesoporous silica nanoreactors grafted with palladium catalysts,enabling the selective formation of[12]cycloparaphenylene precursor with...Suzuki coupling reactions between symmetrical monomers were conducted in various mesoporous silica nanoreactors grafted with palladium catalysts,enabling the selective formation of[12]cycloparaphenylene precursor with separate yield up to 25%in one-pot reactions,much higher than that in homogeneous reaction.The spatial nanoconfinement of the nanoreactors promotes the macrocyclization while limits the concomitant linear oligomer formation,offering more possibilities for the synthesis of macrocycles from symmetrical monomers in one-pot reaction.展开更多
Erratum to Frontiers of Medicine 201711(2):253–265 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-017-0508-9 The original version of this article unfortunately contained some mistakes.The panel of“LPS–/drug–”in Fig.3B(Page 259),...Erratum to Frontiers of Medicine 201711(2):253–265 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-017-0508-9 The original version of this article unfortunately contained some mistakes.The panel of“LPS–/drug–”in Fig.3B(Page 259),the panels of“LPS–/EtoAc+”and“LPS–/Residue+”in Supplementary Fig.3(Page 7 in the online supplementary materials)should be corrected.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.展开更多
Lodging reduces grain yield and quality in cereal crops.Lodging resistance is affected by the strength of the culm,which is influenced by the culm diameter,culm wall thickness,and cell wall composition.To explore the ...Lodging reduces grain yield and quality in cereal crops.Lodging resistance is affected by the strength of the culm,which is influenced by the culm diameter,culm wall thickness,and cell wall composition.To explore the genetic architecture of culm diameter in rice(Oryza sativa),we conducted a genome-wide association study(GWAS).We identified STRONG CULM 2(STRONG2),which encodes the mannan synthase CSLA5,and showed that plants that overexpressed this gene had increased culm diameter and improved lodging resistance.STRONG2 appears to increase the levels of cell wall components,such as mannose and cellulose,thereby enhancing sclerenchyma development in stems.SNP14931253 in the STRONG2 promoter contributes to variation in STRONG2 expression in natural germplasms and the transcription factor MYB61 directly activates STRONG2 expression.Furthermore,STRONG2 overexpressing plants produced significantly more grains per panicle and heavier grains than the wild-type plants.These results demonstrate that the MYB61-STRONG2 module positively regulates culm diameter and lodging resistance,information that could guide breeding efforts for improved yield in rice.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0407104)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32372080)Yunnan Fundamental Research Project (202201AS070071).
文摘Rice is a major crop susceptible to chilling stress.The identification of quantitative trait loci and genes for cold tolerance is crucial for the rice breeding.Of 30 quantitative-trait loci affecting seedling cold tolerance identified in a genome-wide association study of 540 rice accessions,OsbZIP72 was assigned as the causative gene for one,qCTS9.1.A single-nucleotide polymorphism in its promoter accounted for variation in expression between indica and japonica subspecies.The favorable haplotype of OsbZIP72 originated in wild rice and contributed to the expansion of japonica rice to colder habitats.OsbZIP72 positively regulates genes coding reactive oxygen species(ROS)-scavenging proteins and maintains intracellular ROS homeostasis.These findings not only enhanced our understanding of environmental adaptation but also provide novel genetic resources and potential targets for molecular design breeding for cold tolerance in rice.
文摘Objectives:Caveolin-3(Cav-3)plays a pivotal role in maintaining skeletal muscle mass and function.Mutations ordeletions of Cav-3 can result in the development of variousforms of myopathy,which affect the integrity and repaircapacity of musclefiber membranes.However,the potentialeffect of Cav-3 on myofiber type composition remainsunclear.Methods:To investigate the effect of Cav-3 on musclestrength and running capacity,we examined the grip forcetest and the low/high-speed running test.Oxidative andglycolytic myofiber-related genes,proteins,and skeletalmusclefiber composition were measured to determine therole of the Cav-3 in oxidative myofiber formation.Results:We report the impact of Cav-3 on enhancing muscleendurance performance in female mice,and the discovery ofa new physiological function to increase the proportion ofslow-twitch oxidative musclefiber by analyzing thegastrocnemius and soleus.Skeletal muscle-specific ablationof Cav-3 in female mice increased oxidative myofiber-relatedgene expression and type I oxidative myofiber composition,with resultant improvements in endurance performance.Inmale mice,the absence of Cav-3 in skeletal muscle reduced inthe expression of glycolyticfiber-related genes and proteins.Conclusions:This study identified Cav-3 as a regulatorof slow-twitch oxidative musclefiber formation acting onfemale mice,which may provide a potential target forimproving muscle oxidative function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072036,31801324,and 31171521)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China Agricultural University(2019TC0211)。
文摘Rice panicle architecture affects grain number per panicle and thereby grain yield.Many genes involved in control of panicle architecture have been identified in the past decades.According to their effect on phenotype,these genes are divided into three categories:panicle branch and lateral spikelets,multifloret spikelets,and panicle type.We review these genes,describe their genetic regulatory network,and propose a strategy for using them in rice breeding.These findings on rice panicle architecture may facilitate related studies in other crops.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801324,31171521)the Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding(2018-05-Z06-KF08)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017T100117 and 2019M650902)。
文摘The yield of rice is mostly affected by three factors,namely,panicle number,grain number and grain weight.Variation in panicle and grain numbers is mainly caused by tiller and panicle branches generated from axillary meristems(AMs).MOC1 encodes a putative GRAS family nuclear protein that regulates AM formation.Although several alleles of MOC1 have been identified,its variation in germplasm resources remains unclear.In the present study we characterized a novel mocl allele named gnp6 which has a thymine insertion in the coding sequence of the SAW motif in the GRAS domain.This mutation causes arrested branch formation.The SAW motif is necessary for nuclear localization of GNP6/MOC1 where it functions as a transcription factor or co-regulator.Haplotype analysis showed that the coding region of GNP6/MOC1 was conserved without any non-synonymous mutations in 240 rice accessions.However,variation in the promoter region might affect the expression of it and its downstream genes.Joint haplotype analysis of GNP6/MOC1 and MOC3 showed that haplotype combinations H9,H10 and H11,namely MOC1-Hap1 in combination with MOC3-Hap3,MOC3-Hap4 or MOC3-Hap5 could be bred to promote branch formation.These findings will enrich the genetic resources available for rice breeders.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0300501)National Science and Technology Major Project (2018ZX0800912B-002)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701507)China National Novel Transgenic Organisms Breeding Project (2016ZX08004002)。
文摘The C (Cys) 2H (His) 2-type transcription factor is one of the most important transcription factors in plants and plays a regulatory role in the physiological responses of rice to abiotic stresses.A novel rice C2H2-type zinc finger protein,abscisic acid (ABA)-drought-reactive oxygen species (ROS) 3 (OsADR3),was found to confer drought stress tolerance by enhancing antioxidant defense and regulating Os GPX1.Overexpression of OsADR3 in rice increased tolerance to drought stress by increasing ROS scavenging ability and ABA sensitivity.In contrast,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of osadr3 increased the sensitivity of rice to drought and oxidative stress.An exogenous ROS-scavenging reagent restored the droughtstress tolerance of osadr3-CRISPR plants.Global transcriptome analysis suggested that OsADR3 increased the expression of Os GPX1 under drought stress.Electrophoretic mobility shift,yeast one-hybrid,and dualluciferase reporter assays revealed that OsADR3 modified the expression of Os GPX1 by directly binding to its promoter.Knockdown of Os GPX1 repressed ROS scavenging ability under drought stress in OsADR3-overexpression plants.These findings suggest that OsADR3 plays a positive regulatory role in droughtstress tolerance by inducing antioxidant defense and associated with the ABA signaling pathway in rice.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB1125904)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(No.2009BADA2B01)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 31061140458)"948"Project of MOA(No.2011-G2B)the Key Project of Transgenic Crop Improvement of China (No.2009ZX08009-073B)
文摘Introgression lines （ILs） are valuable materials for identifying quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, evaluating genetic interactions, and marker assisted breeding. A set of 430 ILs （BC5F3） containing segments from upland tropical japonica cultivar IRAT109 in a lowland temperate japonica cultivar Yuefu background were developed. One hundred and seventy-six polymorphic markers were used to identify introgressed segments. No segment from IRAT109 was found in 160 lines. Introgressed segments of the other 270 lines covered 99.1% of the donor genome. The mean number of introgressed donor segments per individual was 3.3 with an average length of 14.4 cM. QTL analysis was conducted on basal root thickness （BRT） of the 270 ILs grown under irrigated lowland, upland and hydroponic conditions. A total of 22 QTLs affecting BRT were identified, six QTLs （qBRT3.1, qBRT3.2, qBRT6.1, qBRTS.2, qBRT9.1, and qBRT9.2） were consistently expressed under at least two environments （location and water regime）, and qBRT7.2 was a new BRT QTL identified under lowland conditions. IL255 containing qBRT9.1 showed an increase of 10.09% and 7.07% BRT over cultivar Yuefu when grown under upland and lowland conditions, respectively. Using a population of 304 F2：3 lines derived from the cross IL255 Yuefu, qBRT9.1 was validated and mapped to a 1.2 cM interval between RM24271 and RM566. The presence of qBRT9.1 explained 12% of BRT variation. The results provide upland rice ILs and BRT QTLs for analyzing the genetic basis of drought resistance, detecting favorable genes from upland rice, and rice drought resistance breeding.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF10004000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401809)+1 种基金the key research projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2021YFD1200502)the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory,and the China National Seed Group(B23YQ1517).
文摘Drought is a major environmental stress limiting crop yields worldwide.Upland rice(Oryza sativa)has evolved complex genetic mechanisms for adaptative growth under drought stress.However,few genetic variants that mediate drought resistance in upland rice have been identified,and little is known about the evolution of this trait during rice domestication.In this study,using a genome-wide association study we identified ROOT LENGTH 1(RoLe1)that controls rice root length and drought resistance.We found that a G-to-T polymorphism in the RoLe1 promoter causes increased binding of the transcription factor OsNAC41 and thereby enhanced expression of RoLe1.We further showed that RoLe1 interacts with OsAGAP,an ARF-GTPase activating protein involved in auxin-dependent root development,and interferes with its function to modulate root development.Interestingly,RoLe1 could enhance crop yield by increasing the seed-setting rate under moderate drought conditions.Genomic evolutionary analysis revealed that a newly arisen favorable allelic variant,proRoLe1−526T,originated from the midwest Asia and was retained in upland rice during domestication.Collectively,our study identifies an OsNAC41-RoLe1-OsAGAP module that promotes upland rice root development and drought resistance,providing promising genetic targets for molecular breeding of drought-resistant rice varieties.
文摘The main constituents of a typical medicinal herb, Polygonum multiflorum （Heshouwu in Chinese）, that induces idiosyncratic liver injury remain unclear. Our previous work has shown that cotreatment with a nontoxic dose of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and therapeutic dose of Heshouwu can induce liver injury in rats, whereas the solo treatment cannot induce observable injury. In the present work, using the constituent ＂knock-out＂ and ＂knock-in＂ strategy, we found that the ethyl acetate （EA） extract of Heshouwu displayed comparable idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity to the whole extract in LPS-treated rats. Results indicated a significant elevation of plasma alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and liver histologic changes, whereas other separated fractions failed to induce liver injury. The mixture of EA extract with other separated fractions induced comparable idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity to the whole extract in LPS-treated rats. Chemical analysis further revealed that 2,3,5,4＇-tetrahydroxy trans-stilbene-2-O-p-glucoside （trans-SG） and its cis-isomer were the two major compounds in EA extract. Furthermore, the isolated cis-, and not its trans-isomer, displayed comparable idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity to EA extract in LPS-treated rats. Higher contents of cis-SG were detected in Heshouwu liquor or preparations from actual liver intoxication patients associated with Heshouwu compared with general collected samples. In addition, plasma metabolomics analysis showed that cis-SG-disturbing enriched pathways remarkably differed from trans-SG ones in LPS-treated rats. All these results suggested that cis-SG was closely associated with the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of Heshouwu. Considering that the cis-trans isomerization oftrans- SG was mediated by ultraviolet light or sunlight, our findings serve as reference for controlling photoisomerization in drug discovery and for the clinical use of Heshouwu and stilbene-related medications.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31861143007)the National Key R&D Program(2021YFD1200502)+1 种基金the Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SYND-2022-16)the Project of Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab(B21HJ0508)。
文摘Drought is a major factor restricting the production of rice(Oryza sativa L.).The identification of natural variants for drought stress-related genes is an important step toward developing genetically improved rice varieties.Here,we characterized a member of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE(SPL)family,OsSPL10,as a transcription factor involved in the regulation of drought tolerance in rice.OsSPL10 appears to play a vital role in drought tolerance by controlling reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and stomatal movements.Haplotype and allele frequency analyses of OsSPL10 indicated that most upland rice and improved lowland rice varieties harbor the OsSPL10Hap1allele,whereas the OsSPL10Hap2allele was mainly present in lowland and landrace rice varieties.Importantly,we demonstrated that the varieties with the OsSPL10Hap1allele showed low expression levels of OsSPL10 and its downstream gene,OsNAC2,which decreases the expression of OsAP37 and increases the expression of OsCOX11,thus preventing ROS accumulation and programmed cell death(PCD).Furthermore,the knockdown or knockout of OsSPL10 induced fast stomatal closure and prevented water loss,thereby improving drought tolerance in rice.Based on these observations,we propose that OsSPL10 confers drought tolerance by regulating OsNAC2 expression and that OsSPL10Hap1could be a valuable haplotype for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in rice.
基金The research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(31271689)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFD0100101-09).
文摘Trichomes function in plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses;examination of glabrous lines,which lack trichomes,has revealed key aspects of trichome development and function.Tests of allelism in 51 glabrous rice(Oryza sativa)accessions collected worldwide identified OsSPL10 and OsWOX3B as regulators of trichome development in rice.Here,we report that OsSPL10 acts as a transcriptional regulator controlling trichome development.Haplotype and transient expression analyses revealed that variation in the approximately 700-bp OsSPL10 promoter region is the primary cause of the glabrous phenotype in the indica cultivar WD-17993.Disruption of OsSPL10 by genome editing decreased leaf trichome density and length in the NIL-HL6 background.Plants with genotype OsSPL10^(WD-17993)/HL6 generated by crossing WD-17993 with NIL-HL6 also had fewer trichomes in the glumes.HAIRY LEAF6(HL6)encodes another transcription factor that regulates trichome initiation and elongation,and OsSPL10 directly binds to the HL6 promoter to regulate its expression.Moreover,the transcript levels of auxin-related genes,such as OsYUCCA5 and OsPIN-FORMED1b,were altered in OsSPL10 overexpression and RNAi transgenic lines.Feeding tests using locusts(Locusta migratoria)demonstrated that non-glandular trichomes affect feeding by this herbivore.Our findings provide a molecular framework for trichome development and an ecological perspective on trichome functions.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22171083,21674035)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.22221818014)+1 种基金the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.B502)the“Eastern Scholar Professorship”support from the Shanghai local government。
文摘Suzuki coupling reactions between symmetrical monomers were conducted in various mesoporous silica nanoreactors grafted with palladium catalysts,enabling the selective formation of[12]cycloparaphenylene precursor with separate yield up to 25%in one-pot reactions,much higher than that in homogeneous reaction.The spatial nanoconfinement of the nanoreactors promotes the macrocyclization while limits the concomitant linear oligomer formation,offering more possibilities for the synthesis of macrocycles from symmetrical monomers in one-pot reaction.
文摘Erratum to Frontiers of Medicine 201711(2):253–265 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-017-0508-9 The original version of this article unfortunately contained some mistakes.The panel of“LPS–/drug–”in Fig.3B(Page 259),the panels of“LPS–/EtoAc+”and“LPS–/Residue+”in Supplementary Fig.3(Page 7 in the online supplementary materials)should be corrected.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.
基金funded by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0406803)the Agro ST Project(NK2022050103)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272123 and 32072036)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(324QN358)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2024TC189)the Postdoctoral Research Projects in Hainan Province(343812)the Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory and the China National Seed Group(B23YQ1517 and B23CQ15HP)the Special Plan for Key Laboratory of“Western Light Western cross team”(xbzg-zdsys202111)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University。
文摘Lodging reduces grain yield and quality in cereal crops.Lodging resistance is affected by the strength of the culm,which is influenced by the culm diameter,culm wall thickness,and cell wall composition.To explore the genetic architecture of culm diameter in rice(Oryza sativa),we conducted a genome-wide association study(GWAS).We identified STRONG CULM 2(STRONG2),which encodes the mannan synthase CSLA5,and showed that plants that overexpressed this gene had increased culm diameter and improved lodging resistance.STRONG2 appears to increase the levels of cell wall components,such as mannose and cellulose,thereby enhancing sclerenchyma development in stems.SNP14931253 in the STRONG2 promoter contributes to variation in STRONG2 expression in natural germplasms and the transcription factor MYB61 directly activates STRONG2 expression.Furthermore,STRONG2 overexpressing plants produced significantly more grains per panicle and heavier grains than the wild-type plants.These results demonstrate that the MYB61-STRONG2 module positively regulates culm diameter and lodging resistance,information that could guide breeding efforts for improved yield in rice.
