Soybean rust(SBR),caused by an obligate biotrophic pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi,is a devastating disease of soybean worldwide.However,the mechanisms underlying plant invasion by P.pachyrhizi are poorly understood,wh...Soybean rust(SBR),caused by an obligate biotrophic pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi,is a devastating disease of soybean worldwide.However,the mechanisms underlying plant invasion by P.pachyrhizi are poorly understood,which hinders the development of effective control strategies for SBR.Here we performed detailed histological characterization on the infection cycle of P.pachyrhizi in soybean and conducted a high-resolution transcriptional dissection of P.pachyrhizi during infection.This revealed P.pachyrhizi infection leads to significant changes in gene expression with 10 co-expressed gene modules,representing dramatic transcriptional shifts in metabolism and signal transduction during different stages throughout the infection cycle.Numerous genes encoding secreted protein are biphasic expressed,and are capable of inhibiting programmed cell death triggered by microbial effectors.Notably,three co-expressed P.pachyrhizi apoplastic effectors(PpAE1,PpAE2,and PpAE3) were found to suppress plant immune responses and were essential for P.pachyrhizi infection.Double-stranded RNA coupled with nanomaterials significantly inhibited SBR infection by targeting PpAE1,PpAE2,and PpAE3,and provided long-lasting protection to soybean against P.pachyrhizi.Together,this study revealed prominent changes in gene expression associated with SBR and identified P.pachyrhizi virulence effectors as promising targets of RNA interference-based soybean protection strategy against SBR.展开更多
The plant vascular system consists of two conductive tissues, phloem and xylem. The vascular meristem, namely the （pro-）cambium, is a stem- cell tissue that gives rise to both xylem and phloem. Recent studies have r...The plant vascular system consists of two conductive tissues, phloem and xylem. The vascular meristem, namely the （pro-）cambium, is a stem- cell tissue that gives rise to both xylem and phloem. Recent studies have revealed that CLAVATA3/Embryo Surrounding Region-related （CLE） pep- tides function in establishing the vascular system through interaction with phytohormones. In particular, TDIF/CLE41/CLE44, phloem-derived CLE peptides, promote the proliferation of vascular cambium cells and prevent them from differentiating into xylem by regulating WOX4 expres- sion through the TDR/PXY receptor. In this review article, we outline recent advances on how CLE peptides function in vascular developmentin concert with phytohormones through mediating cell-cell communication. The perspective of CLE peptide signaling in vascular development is also discussed.展开更多
The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae is a causal agent of soybean root rot.Upon colonization of soybeans,P.sojae secretes various RXLR effectors to suppress host immune responses,supporting successful infection.Pr...The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae is a causal agent of soybean root rot.Upon colonization of soybeans,P.sojae secretes various RXLR effectors to suppress host immune responses,supporting successful infection.Previous research has demonstrated that the RXLR effector Avh94 functions as a virulence effector,but the molecular mechanism underlying its role in virulence remains unknown.Here,we demonstrate that Avh94 overexpression in plants and pathogens promotes Phytophthora infection.Avh94 interacts with soybean JAZ1/2,which is a repressor of jasmonic acid(JA)signaling.Avh94 stabilizes JAZ1/2 to inhibit JA signaling and silencing of JAZ1/2 enhances soybean resistance against P.sojae.Moreover,P.sojae lines overexpressing Avh94 inhibit JA signaling.Furthermore,exogenous application of methyl jasmonate improves plant resistance to Phytophthora.Taken together,these findings suggest that P.sojae employs an RXLR effector to hijack JA signaling and thereby promote infection.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1001500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CGPY2024001)the Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory(ZSBBL-KY2023-03)。
文摘Soybean rust(SBR),caused by an obligate biotrophic pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi,is a devastating disease of soybean worldwide.However,the mechanisms underlying plant invasion by P.pachyrhizi are poorly understood,which hinders the development of effective control strategies for SBR.Here we performed detailed histological characterization on the infection cycle of P.pachyrhizi in soybean and conducted a high-resolution transcriptional dissection of P.pachyrhizi during infection.This revealed P.pachyrhizi infection leads to significant changes in gene expression with 10 co-expressed gene modules,representing dramatic transcriptional shifts in metabolism and signal transduction during different stages throughout the infection cycle.Numerous genes encoding secreted protein are biphasic expressed,and are capable of inhibiting programmed cell death triggered by microbial effectors.Notably,three co-expressed P.pachyrhizi apoplastic effectors(PpAE1,PpAE2,and PpAE3) were found to suppress plant immune responses and were essential for P.pachyrhizi infection.Double-stranded RNA coupled with nanomaterials significantly inhibited SBR infection by targeting PpAE1,PpAE2,and PpAE3,and provided long-lasting protection to soybean against P.pachyrhizi.Together,this study revealed prominent changes in gene expression associated with SBR and identified P.pachyrhizi virulence effectors as promising targets of RNA interference-based soybean protection strategy against SBR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (31271575 31200902)+1 种基金the Fundamental ResearchFunds for the Central Universities (GK201103005)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education from the Ministry of Education of China(20120202120009)
文摘The plant vascular system consists of two conductive tissues, phloem and xylem. The vascular meristem, namely the （pro-）cambium, is a stem- cell tissue that gives rise to both xylem and phloem. Recent studies have revealed that CLAVATA3/Embryo Surrounding Region-related （CLE） pep- tides function in establishing the vascular system through interaction with phytohormones. In particular, TDIF/CLE41/CLE44, phloem-derived CLE peptides, promote the proliferation of vascular cambium cells and prevent them from differentiating into xylem by regulating WOX4 expres- sion through the TDR/PXY receptor. In this review article, we outline recent advances on how CLE peptides function in vascular developmentin concert with phytohormones through mediating cell-cell communication. The perspective of CLE peptide signaling in vascular development is also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31721004, 32001882)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20190520)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (KJQN202109)。
文摘The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae is a causal agent of soybean root rot.Upon colonization of soybeans,P.sojae secretes various RXLR effectors to suppress host immune responses,supporting successful infection.Previous research has demonstrated that the RXLR effector Avh94 functions as a virulence effector,but the molecular mechanism underlying its role in virulence remains unknown.Here,we demonstrate that Avh94 overexpression in plants and pathogens promotes Phytophthora infection.Avh94 interacts with soybean JAZ1/2,which is a repressor of jasmonic acid(JA)signaling.Avh94 stabilizes JAZ1/2 to inhibit JA signaling and silencing of JAZ1/2 enhances soybean resistance against P.sojae.Moreover,P.sojae lines overexpressing Avh94 inhibit JA signaling.Furthermore,exogenous application of methyl jasmonate improves plant resistance to Phytophthora.Taken together,these findings suggest that P.sojae employs an RXLR effector to hijack JA signaling and thereby promote infection.
