Improving eco-efficiency is propitious for saving resources and reducing emissions,and has become a popular route to sustainable development.We define two energy-related eco-efficiencies:energy efficiency(ENE)and gree...Improving eco-efficiency is propitious for saving resources and reducing emissions,and has become a popular route to sustainable development.We define two energy-related eco-efficiencies:energy efficiency(ENE)and greenhouse gas(GHG)emission-related eco-efficiency(GEE)using energy consumption and the associated GHG emissions as the environmental impacts.Using statistical data,we analyze China’s energy consumption and GHG emissions by industrial subsystem and sector,and estimate the ENE and GEE values for China in 2007 as 4.871×10^(7)US·/PJ and 4.26×10^(8)US$/TgCO_(2)eq,respectively.Industry is the primary contributing subsystem of China’s economy,contributing 45.2%to the total economic production,using 79.6%of the energy consumed,and generating 91.4%of the total GHG emissions.We distinguish the individual contributions of the 39 industrial sectors to the national economy,overall energy consumption,and GHG emissions,and estimate their energyrelated eco-efficiencies.The results show that although ferrous metal production contributes only 3.5%to the national industrial economy,it consumes the most industrial energy(20%of total),contributes 16%to the total industrial global warming potential(GWP),and ranks third in GHG emissions.The power and heat sector ranks first in GHG emissions and contributes one-third of the total industrial GWP,although it only consumes about 8%of total industrial energy and,like ferrous metal production,contributes 3.5%to the national economy.The ENE of the ferrous metal and power and heat sectors are only 8 and 2.1×10^(7)US$/PJ,while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10^(4)US$/GgCO_(2)eq,respectively;these are nearly the lowest ENE and GEE values among all 39 industry sectors.Finally,we discuss the possibility of ecoefficiency improvement through a comparison with other countries.展开更多
Flooding is the most frequent disaster in China. It affects people＇s lives and properties, causing considerable economic loss. Flood forecast and operation of reservoirs are important in flood emergency management. A...Flooding is the most frequent disaster in China. It affects people＇s lives and properties, causing considerable economic loss. Flood forecast and operation of reservoirs are important in flood emergency management. Although great progress has been achieved in flood forecast and reservoir operation through using computer, network technology, and geographic information system technology in China, the prediction accuracy of models are not satisfactory due to the unavailability of real-time monitoring data. Also, real-time flood control scenario analysis is not effective in many regions and can seldom provide online decision support function. In this research, a decision support system for real-time flood forecasting in Yujiang River Basin, South China （DSS-YRB） is introduced in this paper. This system is based on hydrological and hydraulic mathematical models. The conceptual framework and detailed components of the proposed DSS-YRB is illustrated, which employs real-time rainfall data conversion, model-driven hydrologic forecasting, model calibration, data assimilation methods, and reservoir operational scenario analysis. Multi-tiered architecture offers great flexibility, portability, reusability, and relia- bility. The applied case study results show the development and application of a decision support system for realtime flood forecasting and operation is beneficial for flood control.展开更多
基金This project was supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2007BAC28B03)the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Project(No.2008ZX07209-009).
文摘Improving eco-efficiency is propitious for saving resources and reducing emissions,and has become a popular route to sustainable development.We define two energy-related eco-efficiencies:energy efficiency(ENE)and greenhouse gas(GHG)emission-related eco-efficiency(GEE)using energy consumption and the associated GHG emissions as the environmental impacts.Using statistical data,we analyze China’s energy consumption and GHG emissions by industrial subsystem and sector,and estimate the ENE and GEE values for China in 2007 as 4.871×10^(7)US·/PJ and 4.26×10^(8)US$/TgCO_(2)eq,respectively.Industry is the primary contributing subsystem of China’s economy,contributing 45.2%to the total economic production,using 79.6%of the energy consumed,and generating 91.4%of the total GHG emissions.We distinguish the individual contributions of the 39 industrial sectors to the national economy,overall energy consumption,and GHG emissions,and estimate their energyrelated eco-efficiencies.The results show that although ferrous metal production contributes only 3.5%to the national industrial economy,it consumes the most industrial energy(20%of total),contributes 16%to the total industrial global warming potential(GWP),and ranks third in GHG emissions.The power and heat sector ranks first in GHG emissions and contributes one-third of the total industrial GWP,although it only consumes about 8%of total industrial energy and,like ferrous metal production,contributes 3.5%to the national economy.The ENE of the ferrous metal and power and heat sectors are only 8 and 2.1×10^(7)US$/PJ,while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10^(4)US$/GgCO_(2)eq,respectively;these are nearly the lowest ENE and GEE values among all 39 industry sectors.Finally,we discuss the possibility of ecoefficiency improvement through a comparison with other countries.
基金Acknowledgements This research was supported by the special fund of State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation （11Z01ESPCN）, and the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing （JCXK-2011- 05 and KYJJ2012-01-33）. Also, the authors would like to extend special appreciation to the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their constructive comments and suggestions that are extremely helpful in improving this paper.
文摘Flooding is the most frequent disaster in China. It affects people＇s lives and properties, causing considerable economic loss. Flood forecast and operation of reservoirs are important in flood emergency management. Although great progress has been achieved in flood forecast and reservoir operation through using computer, network technology, and geographic information system technology in China, the prediction accuracy of models are not satisfactory due to the unavailability of real-time monitoring data. Also, real-time flood control scenario analysis is not effective in many regions and can seldom provide online decision support function. In this research, a decision support system for real-time flood forecasting in Yujiang River Basin, South China （DSS-YRB） is introduced in this paper. This system is based on hydrological and hydraulic mathematical models. The conceptual framework and detailed components of the proposed DSS-YRB is illustrated, which employs real-time rainfall data conversion, model-driven hydrologic forecasting, model calibration, data assimilation methods, and reservoir operational scenario analysis. Multi-tiered architecture offers great flexibility, portability, reusability, and relia- bility. The applied case study results show the development and application of a decision support system for realtime flood forecasting and operation is beneficial for flood control.
