With the deep combination of both modern information technology and traditional agriculture,the era of agriculture 4.0,which takes the form of smart agriculture,has come.Smart agriculture provides solutions for agricu...With the deep combination of both modern information technology and traditional agriculture,the era of agriculture 4.0,which takes the form of smart agriculture,has come.Smart agriculture provides solutions for agricultural intelligence and automation.However,information security issues cannot be ignored with the development of agriculture brought by modern information technology.In this paper,three typical development modes of smart agriculture(precision agriculture,facility agriculture,and order agriculture)are presented.Then,7 key technologies and 11 key applications are derived from the above modes.Based on the above technologies and applications,6 security and privacy countermeasures(authentication and access control,privacy-preserving,blockchain-based solutions for data integrity,cryptography and key management,physical countermeasures,and intrusion detection systems)are summarized and discussed.Moreover,the security challenges of smart agriculture are analyzed and organized into two aspects:1)agricultural production,and 2)information technology.Most current research projects have not taken agricultural equipment as potential security threats.Therefore,we did some additional experiments based on solar insecticidal lamps Internet of Things,and the results indicate that agricultural equipment has an impact on agricultural security.Finally,more technologies(5 G communication,fog computing,Internet of Everything,renewable energy management system,software defined network,virtual reality,augmented reality,and cyber security datasets for smart agriculture)are described as the future research directions of smart agriculture.展开更多
Researchers have long studied circular dichroism(CD) for its enormous prospects in life sciences. Many biomolecules have vibration modes in the terahertz region, and terahertz CD spectra are robust to detect biomolecu...Researchers have long studied circular dichroism(CD) for its enormous prospects in life sciences. Many biomolecules have vibration modes in the terahertz region, and terahertz CD spectra are robust to detect biomolecular structures. However,few studies explore the terahertz CD spectra on even natural materials due to technical challenges in both fields. Here, we report a setup of home-built terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to measure the polarization states of terahertz waves.By carefully measuring the transmission Jones matrix, we obtain terahertz CD spectra of α-lactose tablets and D-glucose tablets. Our results show that the terahertz CD spectra are sensitive to vibrational motions in biochemical compounds,which will find wide applications in biosensing and biomedical diagnostics.展开更多
We systematically studied surface plasmons reflection by graphene wrinkles with different heights on SiC substrate.Combined with numerical simulation, we found that the geometry corrugation of a few nanometer height w...We systematically studied surface plasmons reflection by graphene wrinkles with different heights on SiC substrate.Combined with numerical simulation, we found that the geometry corrugation of a few nanometer height wrinkle alone does not causes a reflection of graphene plasmons. Instead, the separated wrinkle from substrate exhibits a nonlinear spatial Fermi energy distribution along the wrinkle, which acts as a heterojunction. Therefor a higher graphene wrinkle induces a stronger damped region when propagating graphene surface plasmons encounter the wrinkle and get reflected.展开更多
We applied the finite element method to calculate the extinction spectrum of single hyperbolic hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)nanodisk.We show that the hyperbolic h-BN nanodisk exhibits two extinction mechanisms in the ...We applied the finite element method to calculate the extinction spectrum of single hyperbolic hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)nanodisk.We show that the hyperbolic h-BN nanodisk exhibits two extinction mechanisms in the mid-infrared region.The volume confined phonon polaritons resonances of the nanodisk give rise to a series of weak extinction peaks.The localized surface phonon polaritons lead to a robust dipolar extinction,and the extinction peak position is tunable by varying the size of the h-BN nanodisk.These findings reveal the mechanisms of the interaction between light and resonant h-BN nanodisk,which are essential for h-BN related opto-electromagnetic applications.展开更多
The central dogma of molecular biology states that the functions of RNA revolve around protein translation.Until the last decade,most researches were geared towards characterization of RNAs as intermediaries in protei...The central dogma of molecular biology states that the functions of RNA revolve around protein translation.Until the last decade,most researches were geared towards characterization of RNAs as intermediaries in protein translation,namely,messenger RNAs(mRNAs)as temporary copies of genetic information,ribosomal RNAs(rRNAs)as a main component of ribosome,or translators of codon sequence(t RNAs).The statistical reality,however,is that these processes account for less than 2%of the genome,and insufficiently explain the functionality of 98%of transcribed RNAs.Recent discoveries have unveiled thousands of unique non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)and shifted the perception of them from being"junk"transcriptional products to"yet to be elucidated"—and potentially monumentally important—RNAs.Most ncRNAs are now known as key regulators in various networks in which they could lead to specific cellular responses and fates.In major cancers,ncRNAs have been identified as both oncogenic drivers and tumor suppressors,indicating a complex regulatory network among these ncRNAs.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of the various ncRNAs and their functional roles in cancer,and the pre-clinical and clinical development of nc RNA-based therapeutics.A deeper understanding of ncRNAs could facilitate better design of personalized therapeutics.展开更多
A previous study indicated that C–C chemokine(C–C motif)ligand 18(CCL18)is capable of inducing tumor cell invasion and metastasis by interacting with receptor membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer protei...A previous study indicated that C–C chemokine(C–C motif)ligand 18(CCL18)is capable of inducing tumor cell invasion and metastasis by interacting with receptor membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer protein 3(PITPNM3)in breast cancer cells.The present study aims to investigate the correlation between the PITPNM3 expression and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to detect the expression pattern of PITPNM3 in patient samples and HCC cell lines.Wound-healing and transwell chamber assays were performed to assess the migration and invasiveness of HCC cells,and the activation of the signaling protein downstream of PITPNM3 was also detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence.The results revealed that PITPNM3 was upregulated in HCC tissue compared to matched normal liver tissue.Silencing the expression of PITPNM3 by specific siRNAs markedly attenuated the invasive and metastatic abilities of HCC cells,whereas the upregulation of PITPNM3 significantly increased HCC cell mobility.Furthermore,inhibiting the expression of PITPNM3 suppressed the activation of Pyk2,FAK,and Src,while overexpression of PITPNM3enhanced the phosphorylation of FAK and Src in HCC cells.Besides,suppression of Pyk2 can also impair the clustering of integrin.These results imply that PITPNM3 is a vital determinant of HCC migration and invasion.展开更多
Collagen,one of the major components in the mammalian connective tissues,plays an essential role in many vital physiological processes.Many common diseases,such as fibrosis,overuse injuries,and bone fracture,are assoc...Collagen,one of the major components in the mammalian connective tissues,plays an essential role in many vital physiological processes.Many common diseases,such as fibrosis,overuse injuries,and bone fracture,are associated with collagen arrangement defects.However,the underlying mechanism of collagen arrangement defects remains elusive.In this study,we applied infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy to study collagen fibrils’structural properties.Experimentally,we observed two types of collagen fibrils’arrangement with different periodic characteristics.A crystal sliding model was employed to explain this observation qualitatively.Our results suggest that the collagen dislocation propagates in collagen fibrils,which may shed light on many collagen diseases’pathogenesis.These findings help to understand the regulation mechanism of hierarchical biological structure.展开更多
A crystal structure has a profound influence on the physical properties of the corresponding material.By synthesizing crystals with particular symmetries,one can strongly tune their properties,even for the same chemic...A crystal structure has a profound influence on the physical properties of the corresponding material.By synthesizing crystals with particular symmetries,one can strongly tune their properties,even for the same chemical configuration(compare graphite and diamond,for instance).Even more interesting opportunities arise when the structural phases of crystals can be changed dynamically through external stimulations.Such abilities,though rare,lead to a number of exciting phenomena,such as phase-change memory effects.In the case of trilayer graphene,there are two common stacking configurations(ABA and ABC)that have distinct electronic band structures and exhibit very different behaviors.Domain walls exist in the trilayer graphene with both stacking orders,showing fascinating new physics such as the quantum valley Hall effect.Extensive efforts have been dedicated to the phase engineering of trilayer graphene.However,the manipulation of domain walls to achieve precise control of local structures and properties remains a considerable challenge.Here,we experimentally demonstrate that we can switch from one structural phase to another by laser irradiation,creating domains of different shapes in trilayer graphene.The ability to control the position and orientation of the domain walls leads to fine control of the local structural phases and properties of graphene,offering a simple but effective approach to create artificial two-dimensional materials with designed atomic structures and electronic and optical properties.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62072248,61902188)in part by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M651713)。
文摘With the deep combination of both modern information technology and traditional agriculture,the era of agriculture 4.0,which takes the form of smart agriculture,has come.Smart agriculture provides solutions for agricultural intelligence and automation.However,information security issues cannot be ignored with the development of agriculture brought by modern information technology.In this paper,three typical development modes of smart agriculture(precision agriculture,facility agriculture,and order agriculture)are presented.Then,7 key technologies and 11 key applications are derived from the above modes.Based on the above technologies and applications,6 security and privacy countermeasures(authentication and access control,privacy-preserving,blockchain-based solutions for data integrity,cryptography and key management,physical countermeasures,and intrusion detection systems)are summarized and discussed.Moreover,the security challenges of smart agriculture are analyzed and organized into two aspects:1)agricultural production,and 2)information technology.Most current research projects have not taken agricultural equipment as potential security threats.Therefore,we did some additional experiments based on solar insecticidal lamps Internet of Things,and the results indicate that agricultural equipment has an impact on agricultural security.Finally,more technologies(5 G communication,fog computing,Internet of Everything,renewable energy management system,software defined network,virtual reality,augmented reality,and cyber security datasets for smart agriculture)are described as the future research directions of smart agriculture.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61775233)。
文摘Researchers have long studied circular dichroism(CD) for its enormous prospects in life sciences. Many biomolecules have vibration modes in the terahertz region, and terahertz CD spectra are robust to detect biomolecular structures. However,few studies explore the terahertz CD spectra on even natural materials due to technical challenges in both fields. Here, we report a setup of home-built terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to measure the polarization states of terahertz waves.By carefully measuring the transmission Jones matrix, we obtain terahertz CD spectra of α-lactose tablets and D-glucose tablets. Our results show that the terahertz CD spectra are sensitive to vibrational motions in biochemical compounds,which will find wide applications in biosensing and biomedical diagnostics.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0203500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11874407)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB 30000000)
文摘We systematically studied surface plasmons reflection by graphene wrinkles with different heights on SiC substrate.Combined with numerical simulation, we found that the geometry corrugation of a few nanometer height wrinkle alone does not causes a reflection of graphene plasmons. Instead, the separated wrinkle from substrate exhibits a nonlinear spatial Fermi energy distribution along the wrinkle, which acts as a heterojunction. Therefor a higher graphene wrinkle induces a stronger damped region when propagating graphene surface plasmons encounter the wrinkle and get reflected.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0203500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11874407)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB 30000000).
文摘We applied the finite element method to calculate the extinction spectrum of single hyperbolic hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)nanodisk.We show that the hyperbolic h-BN nanodisk exhibits two extinction mechanisms in the mid-infrared region.The volume confined phonon polaritons resonances of the nanodisk give rise to a series of weak extinction peaks.The localized surface phonon polaritons lead to a robust dipolar extinction,and the extinction peak position is tunable by varying the size of the h-BN nanodisk.These findings reveal the mechanisms of the interaction between light and resonant h-BN nanodisk,which are essential for h-BN related opto-electromagnetic applications.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1302300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81621004,81720108029,81930081,91940305,81874226 and 81803020)+2 种基金Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2017B030314026)Clinical Innovation Research Program of Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory(2018GZR0201001)Guangzhou Science Technology and Innovation Commission(201803040015)partly supported by Fountain-Valley Life Sciences Fund of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Education Foundation。
文摘The central dogma of molecular biology states that the functions of RNA revolve around protein translation.Until the last decade,most researches were geared towards characterization of RNAs as intermediaries in protein translation,namely,messenger RNAs(mRNAs)as temporary copies of genetic information,ribosomal RNAs(rRNAs)as a main component of ribosome,or translators of codon sequence(t RNAs).The statistical reality,however,is that these processes account for less than 2%of the genome,and insufficiently explain the functionality of 98%of transcribed RNAs.Recent discoveries have unveiled thousands of unique non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)and shifted the perception of them from being"junk"transcriptional products to"yet to be elucidated"—and potentially monumentally important—RNAs.Most ncRNAs are now known as key regulators in various networks in which they could lead to specific cellular responses and fates.In major cancers,ncRNAs have been identified as both oncogenic drivers and tumor suppressors,indicating a complex regulatory network among these ncRNAs.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of the various ncRNAs and their functional roles in cancer,and the pre-clinical and clinical development of nc RNA-based therapeutics.A deeper understanding of ncRNAs could facilitate better design of personalized therapeutics.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2010CB912800,2011CB504203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81102022,81230060,81261140373,81000917,and 81372819)+6 种基金the Foundationfor the Young Teachers in the Higher Education Institutions of China(20110171120082)the National S&T Major Special Project on New Drug Innovation of China(2011ZX09102-010-02)the Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(S2012030006287)the Translational Medicine Public Platform of Guangdong Province(4202037)the Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(20120171110075)funding from Sun Yat-Sen University(13ykzd14)the grant[2013]163 from Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Molecular Mechanism and Translational Medicineof Guangzhou Bureau of Science and Information Technology
文摘A previous study indicated that C–C chemokine(C–C motif)ligand 18(CCL18)is capable of inducing tumor cell invasion and metastasis by interacting with receptor membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer protein 3(PITPNM3)in breast cancer cells.The present study aims to investigate the correlation between the PITPNM3 expression and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to detect the expression pattern of PITPNM3 in patient samples and HCC cell lines.Wound-healing and transwell chamber assays were performed to assess the migration and invasiveness of HCC cells,and the activation of the signaling protein downstream of PITPNM3 was also detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence.The results revealed that PITPNM3 was upregulated in HCC tissue compared to matched normal liver tissue.Silencing the expression of PITPNM3 by specific siRNAs markedly attenuated the invasive and metastatic abilities of HCC cells,whereas the upregulation of PITPNM3 significantly increased HCC cell mobility.Furthermore,inhibiting the expression of PITPNM3 suppressed the activation of Pyk2,FAK,and Src,while overexpression of PITPNM3enhanced the phosphorylation of FAK and Src in HCC cells.Besides,suppression of Pyk2 can also impair the clustering of integrin.These results imply that PITPNM3 is a vital determinant of HCC migration and invasion.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0203500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11874407)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB 30000000)。
文摘Collagen,one of the major components in the mammalian connective tissues,plays an essential role in many vital physiological processes.Many common diseases,such as fibrosis,overuse injuries,and bone fracture,are associated with collagen arrangement defects.However,the underlying mechanism of collagen arrangement defects remains elusive.In this study,we applied infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy to study collagen fibrils’structural properties.Experimentally,we observed two types of collagen fibrils’arrangement with different periodic characteristics.A crystal sliding model was employed to explain this observation qualitatively.Our results suggest that the collagen dislocation propagates in collagen fibrils,which may shed light on many collagen diseases’pathogenesis.These findings help to understand the regulation mechanism of hierarchical biological structure.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2018YFA0306900)the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2018YFA0306900)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.11804386)the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2017YFA0403200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.11774429)the NSAF(no.U1830206)the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2016YFA0203500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.11874407)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science(grant no.XDB 30000000).
文摘A crystal structure has a profound influence on the physical properties of the corresponding material.By synthesizing crystals with particular symmetries,one can strongly tune their properties,even for the same chemical configuration(compare graphite and diamond,for instance).Even more interesting opportunities arise when the structural phases of crystals can be changed dynamically through external stimulations.Such abilities,though rare,lead to a number of exciting phenomena,such as phase-change memory effects.In the case of trilayer graphene,there are two common stacking configurations(ABA and ABC)that have distinct electronic band structures and exhibit very different behaviors.Domain walls exist in the trilayer graphene with both stacking orders,showing fascinating new physics such as the quantum valley Hall effect.Extensive efforts have been dedicated to the phase engineering of trilayer graphene.However,the manipulation of domain walls to achieve precise control of local structures and properties remains a considerable challenge.Here,we experimentally demonstrate that we can switch from one structural phase to another by laser irradiation,creating domains of different shapes in trilayer graphene.The ability to control the position and orientation of the domain walls leads to fine control of the local structural phases and properties of graphene,offering a simple but effective approach to create artificial two-dimensional materials with designed atomic structures and electronic and optical properties.
