Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with ...Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with this challenge.Stable,high-quality wine grape production may be achieved by synchronizing the meso-and microclimate.To clarify the role of high altitude and row orientation in meso-and microclimate and the response of berries to it,we evaluated seven years(2012-2018)of climate data,two years of basic grape(Cabernet Sauvignon,Vitis vinifera L.)quality,and one-year microclimate from veraison to harvest.By comparing two locations(Sidon 2047 m,Sinon 2208 m)in Yunnan Province,China,we found that the average temperature has been stable at approximately 15℃ for seven years,with no extreme weather or,noticeable global warming.The light intensity(LI)in the north-south(NS)was more balanced than the east-west(EW)direction,and the east-west to the south(EW-S)canopy side was almost higher than the other sides.High LI was associated with high photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),ultraviolet(UV),and infrared(IR)light and vice versa.The north-south to the east(NS-E)and east-west to the north(EWN)sides were characterized by lower LI and higher UV and IR light,and higher total anthocyanin content.Most anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,for example,VvF3'H and VvF3'5'H,were highly expressed in NS-E from veraison to maturity.Perhaps UV and IR light induced their expression.This study provides new insights on the role of differently orientated rows in controlling grape quality due to varied light quality.The findings are globally significant,particularly in the context of climate change,and offer fresh insights into berry physiological responses and decision-making for the management of existing vineyards.展开更多
Red wine has a good potential for alleviating atherosclerosis,but the mechanisms related to hepatointestinal circulation remain to be elucidated.This study showed that administration of a high-polyphenol red wine(16 m...Red wine has a good potential for alleviating atherosclerosis,but the mechanisms related to hepatointestinal circulation remain to be elucidated.This study showed that administration of a high-polyphenol red wine(16 mL/(kg·day))for 16 weeks significantly reduced the atherosclerotic lesion in high-fat diet-fed ApoE^(-/-)mice.The total cholesterol(TC)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels of plasma were lowered by 11.54%and 18.98%.The pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)levels were decreased by 27.59%and 31.92%.Red wine also reduced triglyceride(TG)level and lipid deposition in the liver,and increased the concentration of total bile acids(TBA).Untargeted metabolomics analysis indicated that red wine modulated the disorder of liver metabolism by regulating sphingolipid signaling pathway,sphingolipid metabolism,glycerophosphlipid metabolism,choline metabolism and bile secretion.16S rRNA sequencing revealed that red wine increased the abundance of Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium and reduced the abundance of Mucispirillum,Romboutsia,Lactobacillus,Bilophila and Blautia,along with the increased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in feces.These findings indicated that red wine could exert anti-atherosclerotic effect by regulating gut microbiota,restoring SCFAs,alleviating liver metabolic disorders.展开更多
Adipose tissue is a promising target for treating obesity and metabolic diseases.However,pharmacological agents usually fail to effectively engage adipocytes due to their extraordinarily large size and insufficient va...Adipose tissue is a promising target for treating obesity and metabolic diseases.However,pharmacological agents usually fail to effectively engage adipocytes due to their extraordinarily large size and insufficient vascularization,especially in obese subjects.We have previously shown that during cold exposure,connexin43(Cx43)gap junctions are induced and activated to connect neighboring adipocytes to share limited sympathetic neuronal input amongst multiple cells.We reason the same mechanism may be leveraged to improve the efficacy of various pharmacological agents that target adipose tissue.Using an adipose tissue-specific Cx43 overexpression mouse model,we demonstrate effectiveness in connecting adipocytes to augment metabolic efficacy of theβ_(3)-adrenergic receptor agonist Mirabegron and FGF21.Additionally,combing those molecules with the Cx43 gap junction channel activator danegaptide shows a similar enhanced efficacy.In light of these findings,we propose a model in which connecting adipocytes via Cx43 gap junction channels primes adipose tissue to pharmacological agents designed to engage it.Thus,Cx43 gap junction activators hold great potential for combination with additional agents targeting adipose tissue.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772258)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019YFD1000102-11)。
文摘Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with this challenge.Stable,high-quality wine grape production may be achieved by synchronizing the meso-and microclimate.To clarify the role of high altitude and row orientation in meso-and microclimate and the response of berries to it,we evaluated seven years(2012-2018)of climate data,two years of basic grape(Cabernet Sauvignon,Vitis vinifera L.)quality,and one-year microclimate from veraison to harvest.By comparing two locations(Sidon 2047 m,Sinon 2208 m)in Yunnan Province,China,we found that the average temperature has been stable at approximately 15℃ for seven years,with no extreme weather or,noticeable global warming.The light intensity(LI)in the north-south(NS)was more balanced than the east-west(EW)direction,and the east-west to the south(EW-S)canopy side was almost higher than the other sides.High LI was associated with high photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),ultraviolet(UV),and infrared(IR)light and vice versa.The north-south to the east(NS-E)and east-west to the north(EWN)sides were characterized by lower LI and higher UV and IR light,and higher total anthocyanin content.Most anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,for example,VvF3'H and VvF3'5'H,were highly expressed in NS-E from veraison to maturity.Perhaps UV and IR light induced their expression.This study provides new insights on the role of differently orientated rows in controlling grape quality due to varied light quality.The findings are globally significant,particularly in the context of climate change,and offer fresh insights into berry physiological responses and decision-making for the management of existing vineyards.
基金the research funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272294)。
文摘Red wine has a good potential for alleviating atherosclerosis,but the mechanisms related to hepatointestinal circulation remain to be elucidated.This study showed that administration of a high-polyphenol red wine(16 mL/(kg·day))for 16 weeks significantly reduced the atherosclerotic lesion in high-fat diet-fed ApoE^(-/-)mice.The total cholesterol(TC)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels of plasma were lowered by 11.54%and 18.98%.The pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)levels were decreased by 27.59%and 31.92%.Red wine also reduced triglyceride(TG)level and lipid deposition in the liver,and increased the concentration of total bile acids(TBA).Untargeted metabolomics analysis indicated that red wine modulated the disorder of liver metabolism by regulating sphingolipid signaling pathway,sphingolipid metabolism,glycerophosphlipid metabolism,choline metabolism and bile secretion.16S rRNA sequencing revealed that red wine increased the abundance of Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium and reduced the abundance of Mucispirillum,Romboutsia,Lactobacillus,Bilophila and Blautia,along with the increased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in feces.These findings indicated that red wine could exert anti-atherosclerotic effect by regulating gut microbiota,restoring SCFAs,alleviating liver metabolic disorders.
基金supported in part by a research grant from Novo Nordsik(USA,to Philipp E.Scherer)by NIH Grants(USA)R01-DK55758,R01-DK099110,R01-DK127274,R01DK131537 and P01-AG051459 to Philipp E.Scherer,NIH Grant R00-DK114498+4 种基金NIH Grant K99-AG068239 to Shangang ZhaoNIH Grant K01-DK125447 to Yu A.AnNIH grants R01 DK119169 and P01 DK119130-5830 to Kevin W.WilliamsUSDA ARS(cooperative agreement 309251000-062)to Yi ZhuAHA Career Development Award 855170(USA)to Qingzhang Zhu。
文摘Adipose tissue is a promising target for treating obesity and metabolic diseases.However,pharmacological agents usually fail to effectively engage adipocytes due to their extraordinarily large size and insufficient vascularization,especially in obese subjects.We have previously shown that during cold exposure,connexin43(Cx43)gap junctions are induced and activated to connect neighboring adipocytes to share limited sympathetic neuronal input amongst multiple cells.We reason the same mechanism may be leveraged to improve the efficacy of various pharmacological agents that target adipose tissue.Using an adipose tissue-specific Cx43 overexpression mouse model,we demonstrate effectiveness in connecting adipocytes to augment metabolic efficacy of theβ_(3)-adrenergic receptor agonist Mirabegron and FGF21.Additionally,combing those molecules with the Cx43 gap junction channel activator danegaptide shows a similar enhanced efficacy.In light of these findings,we propose a model in which connecting adipocytes via Cx43 gap junction channels primes adipose tissue to pharmacological agents designed to engage it.Thus,Cx43 gap junction activators hold great potential for combination with additional agents targeting adipose tissue.
