BACKGROUND Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH)is a common osteoarticular deformity in pediatric orthopedics.A patient with bilateral DDH was diagnosed and treated using our improved technique"(powerful overtu...BACKGROUND Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH)is a common osteoarticular deformity in pediatric orthopedics.A patient with bilateral DDH was diagnosed and treated using our improved technique"(powerful overturning acetabuloplasty)"combined with femoral rotational shortening osteotomy.CASE SUMMARY A 4-year-old girl who was diagnosed with bilateral DDH could not stand normally,and sought surgical treatment to solve the problem of double hip extension and standing.As this child had high dislocation of the hip joint and the acetabular index was high,we changed the traditional acetabuloplasty to"powerful turnover acetabuloplasty"combined with femoral rotation shortening osteotomy.During the short-term postoperative follow-up(1,3,6,9,12,and 15 months),the child had no discomfort in her lower limbs.After the braces and internal fixation plates were removed,formal rehabilitation training was actively carried out.CONCLUSION Our"powerful overturning acetabuloplasty"combined with femoral rotational shortening osteotomy is feasible in the treatment of DDH in children.This technology may be widely used in the clinic.展开更多
The ethylene response factor(ERF)and phytohormone jasmonate(JA)are reported to function in leaf senescence.The involvement of ERF in JA-mediated leaf senescence,however,needs to be elucidated.In the present work,we de...The ethylene response factor(ERF)and phytohormone jasmonate(JA)are reported to function in leaf senescence.The involvement of ERF in JA-mediated leaf senescence,however,needs to be elucidated.In the present work,we demonstrate a Chinese flowering cabbage ERF transcription factor(TF),BrERF72,that is associated with JA-promoted leaf senescence.Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate(MeJA)-accelerated leaf senescence of Chinese flowering cabbage,evidenced by the data that MeJA treatment led to the stronger reduction in the maximum quantum yield(Fv/Fm),photosynthetic electron transport rate(ETR),and total chlorophyll content,while significant induction in the expression of several senescence-associated genes(SAGs)including BrSAG12,BrSAG19,and chlorophyll catabolic genes(CCGs)BrPAO1,BrNYC1,BrPPH1,and BrSGR1.Increases in levels of endogenous JA and transcripts of JA biosynthetic genes BrLOX4,BrAOC3,and BrOPR3 were also found after MeJA treatment.BrERF72 was a MeJA-inducible,nucleus-localized protein,and possessed trans-activation ability.Transient overexpression of BrERF72 in tobacco leaves also promoted leaf senescence.More importantly,further experiments revealed that BrERF72 directly activated expression of BrLOX4,BrAOC3,and BrOPR3 through binding to their promoters via the GCC or DRE/CRT cis-element.Together,the novel JA-ERF association reported in our study uncovers a new insight into the transcriptional regulation of JA production mediated by ERF during JA-promoted leaf senescence in Chinese flowering cabbage.展开更多
Red pitaya(Hylocereus polyrhizus)fruit is a high-value,functional food,containing a high level of betalains.Several genes potentially related to betalain biosynthesis,such as cytochrome P450-like(CytP450-like),have be...Red pitaya(Hylocereus polyrhizus)fruit is a high-value,functional food,containing a high level of betalains.Several genes potentially related to betalain biosynthesis,such as cytochrome P450-like(CytP450-like),have been identified in pitaya fruit,while their transcriptional regulation remains unclear.In this work,the potential involvement of a WRKY transcription factor,HpWRKY44,in regulating CytP450-like1 expression in pitaya fruit was examined.HpWRKY44,a member of the Group 1 WRKY family,contains two conserved WRKY motifs and is localized in the nucleus.HpWRKY44 also exhibits trans-activation ability.Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of HpCytP450-like1 and HpWRKY44 increased steadily during pitaya fruit coloration,which corresponded with the production of elevated betalain levels in the fruit.HpWRKY44 was also demonstrated to directly bind to and activate the HpCytP450-like1 promoter via the recognition of the W-box element present in the promoter.Collectively,our findings indicate that HpWRKY44 transcriptionally activates HpCytP450-like1,which perhaps,at least in part,contributes to betalain biosynthesis in pitaya fruit.The information provided in the current study provides novel insights into the regulatory network associated with betalain biosynthesis during pitaya fruit coloration.展开更多
Pitaya(Hylocereus)is the most economically important fleshy-fruited tree of the Cactaceae family that is grown worldwide,and it has attracted significant attention because of its betalain-abundant fruits.Nonetheless,t...Pitaya(Hylocereus)is the most economically important fleshy-fruited tree of the Cactaceae family that is grown worldwide,and it has attracted significant attention because of its betalain-abundant fruits.Nonetheless,the lack of a pitaya reference genome significantly hinders studies focused on its evolution,as well as the potential for genetic improvement of this crop.Herein,we employed various sequencing approaches,namely,PacBio-SMRT,Illumina HiSeq paired-end,10×Genomics,and Hi-C(high-throughput chromosome conformation capture)to provide a chromosome-level genomic assembly of‘GHB’pitaya(H.undatus,2n=2x=22 chromosomes).The size of the assembled pitaya genome was 1.41 Gb,with a scaffold N50 of~127.15 Mb.In total,27,753 protein-coding genes and 896.31Mb of repetitive sequences in the H.undatus genome were annotated.Pitaya has undergone a WGT(whole-genome triplication),and a recent WGD(whole-genome duplication)occurred after the gamma event,which is common to the other species in Cactaceae.A total of 29,328 intact LTR-RTs(~696.45Mb)were obtained in H.undatus,of which two significantly expanded lineages,Ty1/copia and Ty3/gypsy,were the main drivers of the expanded genome.A high-density genetic map of F1 hybrid populations of‘GHB’בDahong’pitayas(H.monacanthus)and their parents were constructed,and a total of 20,872 bin markers were identified(56,380 SNPs)for 11 linkage groups.More importantly,through transcriptomic and WGCNA(weighted gene coexpression network analysis),a global view of the gene regulatory network,including structural genes and the transcription factors involved in pitaya fruit betalain biosynthesis,was presented.Our data present a valuable resource for facilitating molecular breeding programs of pitaya and shed novel light on its genomic evolution,as well as the modulation of betalain biosynthesis in edible fruits.展开更多
The hormone ethylene is crucial in the regulation of ripening in climacteric fruit,such as bananas.The transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis throughout banana fruit ripening has received much study,but t...The hormone ethylene is crucial in the regulation of ripening in climacteric fruit,such as bananas.The transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis throughout banana fruit ripening has received much study,but the cascaded transcriptional machinery of upstream transcriptional regulators implicated in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway is still poorly understood.Here we report that ethylene biosynthesis genes,including MaACS1,MaACO1,MaACO4,MaACO5,and MaACO8,were upregulated in ripening bananas.NAC(NAM,ATAF,CUC)transcription factor,MaNAC083,a ripening and ethylene-inhibited gene,was discovered as a potential binding protein to the MaACS1 promoter by yeast one-hybrid screening.Further in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that MaNAC083 bound directly to promoters of the five ethylene biosynthesis genes,thereby transcriptionally repressing their expression,which was further verified by transient overexpression experiments,where ethylene production was inhibited through MaNAC083-modulated transcriptional repression of ethylene biosynthesis genes in banana fruits.Strikingly,MaMADS1,a ripening-induced MADS(MCM1,AGAMOUS,DEFICIENS,SRF4)transcription factor,was found to directly repress the expression of MaNAC083,inhibiting trans-repression of MaNAC083 to ethylene biosynthesis genes,thereby attenuating MaNAC083-repressed ethylene production in bananas.These findings collectively illustrated the mechanistic basis of a MaMADS1-MaNAC083-MaACS1/MaACOs regulatory cascade controlling ethylene biosynthesis during banana fruit ripening.These findings increase our knowledge of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis at the transcriptional level and are expected to help develop molecular approaches to control ripening and improve fruit storability.展开更多
Softening is one of the key fruit quality traits,which results from the selective expression of cell wall metabolism genes during ripening.The identification of transcription factors(TFs)that regulate fruit softening ...Softening is one of the key fruit quality traits,which results from the selective expression of cell wall metabolism genes during ripening.The identification of transcription factors(TFs)that regulate fruit softening is an important field in order to understand and control fruit softening.In tomato,NAC(NAM,ATAF,and CUC)TFs members have been demonstrated to be involved in fruit ripening regulation,including NAC-NOR(nonripening),NOR-like1,SlNAC4,SlNAC1.Here,we generated slnac4 mutant knockout(CR-SlNAC4)tomato plant by a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats genomic targeting system(CRISPR/Cas9)and SlNAC4 overexpressing(OE-SlNAC4)plant.In addition to confirming the previously reported results that SlNAC4 positively regulates fruit ripening,we found that SlNAC4 has a strong effect on tomato fruit softening.Compared with the control fruit,fruit softening was inhibited in slnac4 fruit and conversely was accelerated in OE-SlNAC4 tomato fruit.Through RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis,we found that expression levels of SlEXP1(expansin)and SlCEL2(endo-β-1,4 glucanase)genes involved in cell wall metabolism were significantly different in WT(wild type)/slnac4 and WT/OE-SlNAC4 fruit.Further study showed that these genes contained a NAC TF binding domain in their promoter regions.In vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA)and dual-luciferase reporter assays(DLR)demonstrated that these two genes were the direct targets of SlNAC4 binding and transactivation.The results enriched the function of SlNAC4 and provided a new dimension in understanding the regulation of tomato fruit softening.展开更多
Horticultural commodities suffer chilling injury following exposure to extremely low temperatures,which results in visible symptoms and considerable quality loss.Therefore,it is of significance to understand the mecha...Horticultural commodities suffer chilling injury following exposure to extremely low temperatures,which results in visible symptoms and considerable quality loss.Therefore,it is of significance to understand the mechanism of this physiological disorder and to develop effective strategies to control it.Chilling stress causes alteration in structure and function of the plasma membrane,which is assumed to be the primary event in response to cold stress.During this process,the membrane lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in membrane fluidity and stability.In this review,we summarized the possible roles of membrane lipid metabolism in the development of chilling injury,having the potential for developing effective strategies to alleviate chilling injury in horticultural products under refrigerated storage in practice.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH)is a common osteoarticular deformity in pediatric orthopedics.A patient with bilateral DDH was diagnosed and treated using our improved technique"(powerful overturning acetabuloplasty)"combined with femoral rotational shortening osteotomy.CASE SUMMARY A 4-year-old girl who was diagnosed with bilateral DDH could not stand normally,and sought surgical treatment to solve the problem of double hip extension and standing.As this child had high dislocation of the hip joint and the acetabular index was high,we changed the traditional acetabuloplasty to"powerful turnover acetabuloplasty"combined with femoral rotation shortening osteotomy.During the short-term postoperative follow-up(1,3,6,9,12,and 15 months),the child had no discomfort in her lower limbs.After the braces and internal fixation plates were removed,formal rehabilitation training was actively carried out.CONCLUSION Our"powerful overturning acetabuloplasty"combined with femoral rotational shortening osteotomy is feasible in the treatment of DDH in children.This technology may be widely used in the clinic.
基金This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.31671897).
文摘The ethylene response factor(ERF)and phytohormone jasmonate(JA)are reported to function in leaf senescence.The involvement of ERF in JA-mediated leaf senescence,however,needs to be elucidated.In the present work,we demonstrate a Chinese flowering cabbage ERF transcription factor(TF),BrERF72,that is associated with JA-promoted leaf senescence.Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate(MeJA)-accelerated leaf senescence of Chinese flowering cabbage,evidenced by the data that MeJA treatment led to the stronger reduction in the maximum quantum yield(Fv/Fm),photosynthetic electron transport rate(ETR),and total chlorophyll content,while significant induction in the expression of several senescence-associated genes(SAGs)including BrSAG12,BrSAG19,and chlorophyll catabolic genes(CCGs)BrPAO1,BrNYC1,BrPPH1,and BrSGR1.Increases in levels of endogenous JA and transcripts of JA biosynthetic genes BrLOX4,BrAOC3,and BrOPR3 were also found after MeJA treatment.BrERF72 was a MeJA-inducible,nucleus-localized protein,and possessed trans-activation ability.Transient overexpression of BrERF72 in tobacco leaves also promoted leaf senescence.More importantly,further experiments revealed that BrERF72 directly activated expression of BrLOX4,BrAOC3,and BrOPR3 through binding to their promoters via the GCC or DRE/CRT cis-element.Together,the novel JA-ERF association reported in our study uncovers a new insight into the transcriptional regulation of JA production mediated by ERF during JA-promoted leaf senescence in Chinese flowering cabbage.
基金This work was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2014B020202010)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(201704020003 and 2014Y2-00164)+1 种基金YangFan Innovative and Entepreneurial Research Team Project(2014YT02H013)the earmarked fund for Guangdong Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(2016LM112).
文摘Red pitaya(Hylocereus polyrhizus)fruit is a high-value,functional food,containing a high level of betalains.Several genes potentially related to betalain biosynthesis,such as cytochrome P450-like(CytP450-like),have been identified in pitaya fruit,while their transcriptional regulation remains unclear.In this work,the potential involvement of a WRKY transcription factor,HpWRKY44,in regulating CytP450-like1 expression in pitaya fruit was examined.HpWRKY44,a member of the Group 1 WRKY family,contains two conserved WRKY motifs and is localized in the nucleus.HpWRKY44 also exhibits trans-activation ability.Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of HpCytP450-like1 and HpWRKY44 increased steadily during pitaya fruit coloration,which corresponded with the production of elevated betalain levels in the fruit.HpWRKY44 was also demonstrated to directly bind to and activate the HpCytP450-like1 promoter via the recognition of the W-box element present in the promoter.Collectively,our findings indicate that HpWRKY44 transcriptionally activates HpCytP450-like1,which perhaps,at least in part,contributes to betalain biosynthesis in pitaya fruit.The information provided in the current study provides novel insights into the regulatory network associated with betalain biosynthesis during pitaya fruit coloration.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.31972367 and 31960578)Key Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(grant no.201904020015)+2 种基金Science and Technology Program of Zhanjiang(grant no.2019A01003)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(grant nos.202002020060,201704020003 and 2014Y2-00164)Key Realm R&D Program of Guangdong Province(grant no.2018B020202011).
文摘Pitaya(Hylocereus)is the most economically important fleshy-fruited tree of the Cactaceae family that is grown worldwide,and it has attracted significant attention because of its betalain-abundant fruits.Nonetheless,the lack of a pitaya reference genome significantly hinders studies focused on its evolution,as well as the potential for genetic improvement of this crop.Herein,we employed various sequencing approaches,namely,PacBio-SMRT,Illumina HiSeq paired-end,10×Genomics,and Hi-C(high-throughput chromosome conformation capture)to provide a chromosome-level genomic assembly of‘GHB’pitaya(H.undatus,2n=2x=22 chromosomes).The size of the assembled pitaya genome was 1.41 Gb,with a scaffold N50 of~127.15 Mb.In total,27,753 protein-coding genes and 896.31Mb of repetitive sequences in the H.undatus genome were annotated.Pitaya has undergone a WGT(whole-genome triplication),and a recent WGD(whole-genome duplication)occurred after the gamma event,which is common to the other species in Cactaceae.A total of 29,328 intact LTR-RTs(~696.45Mb)were obtained in H.undatus,of which two significantly expanded lineages,Ty1/copia and Ty3/gypsy,were the main drivers of the expanded genome.A high-density genetic map of F1 hybrid populations of‘GHB’בDahong’pitayas(H.monacanthus)and their parents were constructed,and a total of 20,872 bin markers were identified(56,380 SNPs)for 11 linkage groups.More importantly,through transcriptomic and WGCNA(weighted gene coexpression network analysis),a global view of the gene regulatory network,including structural genes and the transcription factors involved in pitaya fruit betalain biosynthesis,was presented.Our data present a valuable resource for facilitating molecular breeding programs of pitaya and shed novel light on its genomic evolution,as well as the modulation of betalain biosynthesis in edible fruits.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFD2100103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.32072279)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(grant no.CARS-31).
文摘The hormone ethylene is crucial in the regulation of ripening in climacteric fruit,such as bananas.The transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis throughout banana fruit ripening has received much study,but the cascaded transcriptional machinery of upstream transcriptional regulators implicated in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway is still poorly understood.Here we report that ethylene biosynthesis genes,including MaACS1,MaACO1,MaACO4,MaACO5,and MaACO8,were upregulated in ripening bananas.NAC(NAM,ATAF,CUC)transcription factor,MaNAC083,a ripening and ethylene-inhibited gene,was discovered as a potential binding protein to the MaACS1 promoter by yeast one-hybrid screening.Further in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that MaNAC083 bound directly to promoters of the five ethylene biosynthesis genes,thereby transcriptionally repressing their expression,which was further verified by transient overexpression experiments,where ethylene production was inhibited through MaNAC083-modulated transcriptional repression of ethylene biosynthesis genes in banana fruits.Strikingly,MaMADS1,a ripening-induced MADS(MCM1,AGAMOUS,DEFICIENS,SRF4)transcription factor,was found to directly repress the expression of MaNAC083,inhibiting trans-repression of MaNAC083 to ethylene biosynthesis genes,thereby attenuating MaNAC083-repressed ethylene production in bananas.These findings collectively illustrated the mechanistic basis of a MaMADS1-MaNAC083-MaACS1/MaACOs regulatory cascade controlling ethylene biosynthesis during banana fruit ripening.These findings increase our knowledge of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis at the transcriptional level and are expected to help develop molecular approaches to control ripening and improve fruit storability.
文摘Softening is one of the key fruit quality traits,which results from the selective expression of cell wall metabolism genes during ripening.The identification of transcription factors(TFs)that regulate fruit softening is an important field in order to understand and control fruit softening.In tomato,NAC(NAM,ATAF,and CUC)TFs members have been demonstrated to be involved in fruit ripening regulation,including NAC-NOR(nonripening),NOR-like1,SlNAC4,SlNAC1.Here,we generated slnac4 mutant knockout(CR-SlNAC4)tomato plant by a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats genomic targeting system(CRISPR/Cas9)and SlNAC4 overexpressing(OE-SlNAC4)plant.In addition to confirming the previously reported results that SlNAC4 positively regulates fruit ripening,we found that SlNAC4 has a strong effect on tomato fruit softening.Compared with the control fruit,fruit softening was inhibited in slnac4 fruit and conversely was accelerated in OE-SlNAC4 tomato fruit.Through RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis,we found that expression levels of SlEXP1(expansin)and SlCEL2(endo-β-1,4 glucanase)genes involved in cell wall metabolism were significantly different in WT(wild type)/slnac4 and WT/OE-SlNAC4 fruit.Further study showed that these genes contained a NAC TF binding domain in their promoter regions.In vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA)and dual-luciferase reporter assays(DLR)demonstrated that these two genes were the direct targets of SlNAC4 binding and transactivation.The results enriched the function of SlNAC4 and provided a new dimension in understanding the regulation of tomato fruit softening.
基金This work was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFD0400103).
文摘Horticultural commodities suffer chilling injury following exposure to extremely low temperatures,which results in visible symptoms and considerable quality loss.Therefore,it is of significance to understand the mechanism of this physiological disorder and to develop effective strategies to control it.Chilling stress causes alteration in structure and function of the plasma membrane,which is assumed to be the primary event in response to cold stress.During this process,the membrane lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in membrane fluidity and stability.In this review,we summarized the possible roles of membrane lipid metabolism in the development of chilling injury,having the potential for developing effective strategies to alleviate chilling injury in horticultural products under refrigerated storage in practice.
