In this study,pure Ni was demonstrated to protect the GH3535 alloy from Te vapor corrosion because of its strong absorption capacity.Severe Te corrosion of a single GH3535 alloy sample occurred in Te vapor at 700C,whi...In this study,pure Ni was demonstrated to protect the GH3535 alloy from Te vapor corrosion because of its strong absorption capacity.Severe Te corrosion of a single GH3535 alloy sample occurred in Te vapor at 700C,which manifested as complex surface corrosion products and deep intergranular cracks.However,when pure Ni and the GH3535 alloy were put together in the vessel,the GH3535 alloy was completely protected from Te corrosion at the expense of the pure Ni.Thermodynamic calculations proved that the preferential reaction between pure Ni and Te vapor reduced the activity of Te vapor considerably,preventing the corrosion of the GH3535 alloy.Our study reveals one potential approach for protecting the alloys used in molten-salt reactors from Te corrosion.展开更多
NAS preparation, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine found by the Yunnan Eco-agricultural Research Institute, has potential antiviral activity. In this paper, the inhibiting effect of NAS preparation on H9N2 subtype Avi...NAS preparation, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine found by the Yunnan Eco-agricultural Research Institute, has potential antiviral activity. In this paper, the inhibiting effect of NAS preparation on H9N2 subtype Avian influenza virus (AIV) was investigated in vivo. Chickens infected with H9N2 virus were treated with NAS preparation for 4 days. The virus was then detected by hemoagglutination (HA) test and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that no H9N2 virus could be detected at the 7th day when the chickens were treated with 0.2g/kg/d or 0.1g/kg/d of NAS preparation. However the virus could be detected in other chickens without NAS preparation treatment. This result suggested that NAS preparation may be a potential drug candidate to control infection of H9N2 subtype AIV in chickens.展开更多
An explosion-welded technology was induced to manufacture the GH3535/316H bimetallic plates to provide a more cost-effective structural material for ultrahigh temperature,molten salt thermal storage systems.The micros...An explosion-welded technology was induced to manufacture the GH3535/316H bimetallic plates to provide a more cost-effective structural material for ultrahigh temperature,molten salt thermal storage systems.The microstructure of the bonding interfaces were extensively investigated by scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometry,and an electron probe microanalyzer.The bonding interface possessed a periodic,wavy morphology and was adorned by peninsula-or island-like transition zones.At higher magnification,a matrix recrystallization region,fine grain region,columnar grain region,equiaxed grain region,and shrinkage porosity were observed in the transition zones and surrounding area.Electron backscattered diffraction demonstrated that the strain in the recrystallization region of the GH3535 matrix and transition zone was less than the substrate.Strain concentration occurred at the interface and the solidification defects in the transition zone.The dislocation substructure in 316H near the interface was characterized by electron channeling contrast imaging.A dislocation network was formed in the grains of 316H.The microhardness decreased as the distance from the welding interface increased and the lowest hardness was inside the transition zone.展开更多
To study the antiviral effect of Hypericum perforatum L. extract （HPE） on influenza A virus （IAV） （H1N1） in vitro and in vivo. Cytopathic effect （CPE） and neutral red （NR） dye uptake were used to examine the...To study the antiviral effect of Hypericum perforatum L. extract （HPE） on influenza A virus （IAV） （H1N1） in vitro and in vivo. Cytopathic effect （CPE） and neutral red （NR） dye uptake were used to examine the antiviral effect of HPE on Madin Darby Canine Kidney （MDCK） cells which were infected with IAV in vitro HPE was effective against influenza A virus （IAV） in vitro, with a 50% effective concentration （EC50） of 40 ug/mL, The mean 50% cytotoxic concentration （CC50） in the MDCK used in these experiments was 1.5 mg/mL. Ribavirin was run in parallel with EC50 values of 5.0 ug/mL; the mean CC50 for ribavirin was 520 ug/mL. Oral gavage administrations of HPE or ribavirin to mice infected with the IAV were highly effective in preventing death, slowing the decline of arterial oxygen saturation, inhibiting lung consolidation and reducing lung virus titers. The minimum effective dose of HPE in these studies was 31.25 mg/kg/day, which was administered twice daily for 5 d beginning 4 h prior to virus exposure. Below a dosage of 2000 mg/kg/day, almost all treated mice survived, which suggests that HPE is of low toxicity. Ribavirin＇s minimum effective dose was 40 mg/kg/day with the LDso determined to be 200 mg/kg/day. Delay of the initiation of either HPE or ribavirin therapy, using approximately 1/3 LD50 dose each time, could still be protective as late as 48 h after exposure to the IAV. While both agents appeared to have similar efficacy against IAV infections, HPE was considered to be less toxic and may warrant further evaluation as a possible therapy for influenza.展开更多
Background High birth weight(HBW)is associated with childhood obesity,but with inconsistent results.This study investigated the relationship between HBW and childhood obesity,and further explored the interaction of HB...Background High birth weight(HBW)is associated with childhood obesity,but with inconsistent results.This study investigated the relationship between HBW and childhood obesity,and further explored the interaction of HBW with behavioral and socio-economic determinants of obesity.Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 1906 grade-two children of Guangzhou,China,from June to November,2016.Overweight/obesity corresponded to a body mass index higher than the sex–age-specific criteria.Abdominal obesity was assessed using the sex-specific waist–height ratio cutoffs.The association of HBW with obesity was evaluated in multivariable logistic regression model.The relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)and the attributable proportion of interaction(AP)indices were used to measure additive interaction,while applying the interaction of OR index for multiplicative interaction assessment.Results Children with HBW had an increased risk of overweight/obesity[odds ratio(OR)=2.42,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.56–3.76]compared with those without HBW.Significant additive interaction of HBW with physical activity was found for overweight/obesity[relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)=2.69,95%CI=0.62–4.75;attributable proportion of interaction(AP)=0.72,95%CI=0.42–1.02].The HBW children with insufficient activity had higher odds of overweight/obesity compared to the non-HBW children with sufficient activity(OR=3.75,95%CI=2.06–6.83).In addition,we identified a significant interaction of HBW with household income for abdominal obesity(RERI=1.20,95%CI=0.02–2.37;AP=0.76,95%CI=0.16–1.36).Conclusions HBW confers an increased risk for childhood overweight/obesity.Physical activity attenuates the effect of HBW on overweight/obesity,and HBW possibly synergistically interacts with high household income to promote abdominal obesity in childhood.展开更多
Background：In central precocious puberty （CPP）,the pulse secretion and release ofgonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） are increased due to early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,resulting in...Background：In central precocious puberty （CPP）,the pulse secretion and release ofgonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） are increased due to early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,resulting in developmental abnormalities with gonadal development and appearance of secondary sexual characteristics.The CPP without organic disease is known as idiopathic CPP （ICPP）.The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic leuprorelin （GnRH analog） in girls with ICPP.Methods：A total of 236 girls with ICPP diagnosed from April 2012 to January 2014 were selected and were randomized into two groups.One hundred fifty-seven girls in the test group were treated with domestic leuprorelin acetate,79 girls in the control group were treated with imported leuprorelin acetate.They all were treated and observed for 6 months.After 6-month treatment,the percentage of children with peak luteinizing hormone （LH） ≤3.3 U/L,the percentage of children with peak LH/peak follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） ratio 〈0.6,the improvements of secondary sexual characteristics,gonadal development and sex hormone levels,the change of growth rate of bone age （BA） and growth velocity,and drug adverse effects between two groups were compared.Results：After the treatment,the percentage of children with a suppressed LH response to GnRH,defined as a peak LH ≤3.3 U/L,at 6 months in test and control groups were 96.80% and 96.20%,respectively,and the percentage of children with peak LH/FSH ratio ≤0.6 at 6 months in test and control groups were 93.60% and 93.70%,respectively.The sizes of breast,uterus and ovary of children and the levels of estradiol （E2） were significantly reduced,and the growth rate of BA was also reduced.All the differences between pre-and post-treatment in each group were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）,but the differences of the parameters between two groups were not significant （P 〉 0.05）.Conclusions：Domestic leuprorelin is effective and safe in the treatment of Chinese girls with ICPP.Its effectiveness and safety are comparable with imported leuprorelin.展开更多
In this Letter,atmospheric pressure glow discharge based on a small discharge gap is excited by sine AC voltage in air on purpose of detecting trace heavy metal elements in solid samples,which makes the detection limi...In this Letter,atmospheric pressure glow discharge based on a small discharge gap is excited by sine AC voltage in air on purpose of detecting trace heavy metal elements in solid samples,which makes the detection limits of trace heavy metal elements reach tensμg/kg.The waveforms of voltage and discharge current,discharge images,plasma gas temperature,and optical emission spectra are obtained to discuss the feasibility of atmospheric pressure glow discharge on detection of trace heavy metals.The formation mechanism of optical emission spectra and the strong emission intensity of heavy metal elements show that energetic electrons and excited metal atoms are easily generated by atmospheric pressure glow discharge.The effects of applied voltage and discharge gap on atmospheric pressure glow discharge are discussed to acquire the optimal experimental conditions.And a smaller discharge gap and applied voltage can restrain the transition from glow discharge to arc discharge.Besides,the limits of detections of Cu and Cd are about 0.0241 and 0.0318μg/g,respectively,by using atmospheric pressure glow discharge with an applied voltage of 3.8 kV,discharge gap of 3.5 mm,and driving frequency of 10 kHz.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2032205,52171023,51971238,and 52005492)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Nos.20ZR1468600 and 19ZR1468200)+1 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program(No.19YF1458300)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Science(No.2019264)。
文摘In this study,pure Ni was demonstrated to protect the GH3535 alloy from Te vapor corrosion because of its strong absorption capacity.Severe Te corrosion of a single GH3535 alloy sample occurred in Te vapor at 700C,which manifested as complex surface corrosion products and deep intergranular cracks.However,when pure Ni and the GH3535 alloy were put together in the vessel,the GH3535 alloy was completely protected from Te corrosion at the expense of the pure Ni.Thermodynamic calculations proved that the preferential reaction between pure Ni and Te vapor reduced the activity of Te vapor considerably,preventing the corrosion of the GH3535 alloy.Our study reveals one potential approach for protecting the alloys used in molten-salt reactors from Te corrosion.
基金Key Technologies Research and Development Program (2004BA519A26)
文摘NAS preparation, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine found by the Yunnan Eco-agricultural Research Institute, has potential antiviral activity. In this paper, the inhibiting effect of NAS preparation on H9N2 subtype Avian influenza virus (AIV) was investigated in vivo. Chickens infected with H9N2 virus were treated with NAS preparation for 4 days. The virus was then detected by hemoagglutination (HA) test and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that no H9N2 virus could be detected at the 7th day when the chickens were treated with 0.2g/kg/d or 0.1g/kg/d of NAS preparation. However the virus could be detected in other chickens without NAS preparation treatment. This result suggested that NAS preparation may be a potential drug candidate to control infection of H9N2 subtype AIV in chickens.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2032205,51971238,and 52005492)the Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Plan(21XD1404300)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Nos.18ZR1448000,19ZR 1468200,20ZR1468600,and 21XD1404300)the Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.19YF1458300)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Science(No.2019264).
文摘An explosion-welded technology was induced to manufacture the GH3535/316H bimetallic plates to provide a more cost-effective structural material for ultrahigh temperature,molten salt thermal storage systems.The microstructure of the bonding interfaces were extensively investigated by scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometry,and an electron probe microanalyzer.The bonding interface possessed a periodic,wavy morphology and was adorned by peninsula-or island-like transition zones.At higher magnification,a matrix recrystallization region,fine grain region,columnar grain region,equiaxed grain region,and shrinkage porosity were observed in the transition zones and surrounding area.Electron backscattered diffraction demonstrated that the strain in the recrystallization region of the GH3535 matrix and transition zone was less than the substrate.Strain concentration occurred at the interface and the solidification defects in the transition zone.The dislocation substructure in 316H near the interface was characterized by electron channeling contrast imaging.A dislocation network was formed in the grains of 316H.The microhardness decreased as the distance from the welding interface increased and the lowest hardness was inside the transition zone.
基金One Hundred Person Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences (2008-287) The Project of Basic Scientific Research Fund for Central Public-Welfare of Institute of Sciences (BRF070402).
文摘To study the antiviral effect of Hypericum perforatum L. extract （HPE） on influenza A virus （IAV） （H1N1） in vitro and in vivo. Cytopathic effect （CPE） and neutral red （NR） dye uptake were used to examine the antiviral effect of HPE on Madin Darby Canine Kidney （MDCK） cells which were infected with IAV in vitro HPE was effective against influenza A virus （IAV） in vitro, with a 50% effective concentration （EC50） of 40 ug/mL, The mean 50% cytotoxic concentration （CC50） in the MDCK used in these experiments was 1.5 mg/mL. Ribavirin was run in parallel with EC50 values of 5.0 ug/mL; the mean CC50 for ribavirin was 520 ug/mL. Oral gavage administrations of HPE or ribavirin to mice infected with the IAV were highly effective in preventing death, slowing the decline of arterial oxygen saturation, inhibiting lung consolidation and reducing lung virus titers. The minimum effective dose of HPE in these studies was 31.25 mg/kg/day, which was administered twice daily for 5 d beginning 4 h prior to virus exposure. Below a dosage of 2000 mg/kg/day, almost all treated mice survived, which suggests that HPE is of low toxicity. Ribavirin＇s minimum effective dose was 40 mg/kg/day with the LDso determined to be 200 mg/kg/day. Delay of the initiation of either HPE or ribavirin therapy, using approximately 1/3 LD50 dose each time, could still be protective as late as 48 h after exposure to the IAV. While both agents appeared to have similar efficacy against IAV infections, HPE was considered to be less toxic and may warrant further evaluation as a possible therapy for influenza.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81874271)the Training Programme for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of Guangdong Province(Grant No.YQ2015098)the Guangzhou Science Technology and Innovation Commission(Grant No.201607010143).
文摘Background High birth weight(HBW)is associated with childhood obesity,but with inconsistent results.This study investigated the relationship between HBW and childhood obesity,and further explored the interaction of HBW with behavioral and socio-economic determinants of obesity.Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 1906 grade-two children of Guangzhou,China,from June to November,2016.Overweight/obesity corresponded to a body mass index higher than the sex–age-specific criteria.Abdominal obesity was assessed using the sex-specific waist–height ratio cutoffs.The association of HBW with obesity was evaluated in multivariable logistic regression model.The relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)and the attributable proportion of interaction(AP)indices were used to measure additive interaction,while applying the interaction of OR index for multiplicative interaction assessment.Results Children with HBW had an increased risk of overweight/obesity[odds ratio(OR)=2.42,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.56–3.76]compared with those without HBW.Significant additive interaction of HBW with physical activity was found for overweight/obesity[relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)=2.69,95%CI=0.62–4.75;attributable proportion of interaction(AP)=0.72,95%CI=0.42–1.02].The HBW children with insufficient activity had higher odds of overweight/obesity compared to the non-HBW children with sufficient activity(OR=3.75,95%CI=2.06–6.83).In addition,we identified a significant interaction of HBW with household income for abdominal obesity(RERI=1.20,95%CI=0.02–2.37;AP=0.76,95%CI=0.16–1.36).Conclusions HBW confers an increased risk for childhood overweight/obesity.Physical activity attenuates the effect of HBW on overweight/obesity,and HBW possibly synergistically interacts with high household income to promote abdominal obesity in childhood.
文摘Background：In central precocious puberty （CPP）,the pulse secretion and release ofgonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） are increased due to early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,resulting in developmental abnormalities with gonadal development and appearance of secondary sexual characteristics.The CPP without organic disease is known as idiopathic CPP （ICPP）.The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic leuprorelin （GnRH analog） in girls with ICPP.Methods：A total of 236 girls with ICPP diagnosed from April 2012 to January 2014 were selected and were randomized into two groups.One hundred fifty-seven girls in the test group were treated with domestic leuprorelin acetate,79 girls in the control group were treated with imported leuprorelin acetate.They all were treated and observed for 6 months.After 6-month treatment,the percentage of children with peak luteinizing hormone （LH） ≤3.3 U/L,the percentage of children with peak LH/peak follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） ratio 〈0.6,the improvements of secondary sexual characteristics,gonadal development and sex hormone levels,the change of growth rate of bone age （BA） and growth velocity,and drug adverse effects between two groups were compared.Results：After the treatment,the percentage of children with a suppressed LH response to GnRH,defined as a peak LH ≤3.3 U/L,at 6 months in test and control groups were 96.80% and 96.20%,respectively,and the percentage of children with peak LH/FSH ratio ≤0.6 at 6 months in test and control groups were 93.60% and 93.70%,respectively.The sizes of breast,uterus and ovary of children and the levels of estradiol （E2） were significantly reduced,and the growth rate of BA was also reduced.All the differences between pre-and post-treatment in each group were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）,but the differences of the parameters between two groups were not significant （P 〉 0.05）.Conclusions：Domestic leuprorelin is effective and safe in the treatment of Chinese girls with ICPP.Its effectiveness and safety are comparable with imported leuprorelin.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2016YFC0207202)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.51677019)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.DUT18LK42).
文摘In this Letter,atmospheric pressure glow discharge based on a small discharge gap is excited by sine AC voltage in air on purpose of detecting trace heavy metal elements in solid samples,which makes the detection limits of trace heavy metal elements reach tensμg/kg.The waveforms of voltage and discharge current,discharge images,plasma gas temperature,and optical emission spectra are obtained to discuss the feasibility of atmospheric pressure glow discharge on detection of trace heavy metals.The formation mechanism of optical emission spectra and the strong emission intensity of heavy metal elements show that energetic electrons and excited metal atoms are easily generated by atmospheric pressure glow discharge.The effects of applied voltage and discharge gap on atmospheric pressure glow discharge are discussed to acquire the optimal experimental conditions.And a smaller discharge gap and applied voltage can restrain the transition from glow discharge to arc discharge.Besides,the limits of detections of Cu and Cd are about 0.0241 and 0.0318μg/g,respectively,by using atmospheric pressure glow discharge with an applied voltage of 3.8 kV,discharge gap of 3.5 mm,and driving frequency of 10 kHz.
