Hot water flooding is an effective way to develop heavy oil reservoirs.However,local channeling channels may form,possibly leading to a low thermal utilization efficiency and high water cut in the reservoir.The pore s...Hot water flooding is an effective way to develop heavy oil reservoirs.However,local channeling channels may form,possibly leading to a low thermal utilization efficiency and high water cut in the reservoir.The pore structure heterogeneity is an important factor in forming these channels.This study proposes a method that mixes quartz sand with different particle sizes to prepare weakly heterogeneous and strongly heterogeneous models through which hot water flooding experiments are conducted.During the experiments,computer tomography(CT)scanning identifies the pore structure and micro remaining oil saturation distribution to analyze the influence of the pore structure heterogeneity on the channeling channels.The oil saturation reduction and average pore size are divided into three levels to quantitatively describe the relationship between the channeling channel distribution and pore structure heterogeneity.The zone where oil saturation reduction exceeds 20%is defined as a channeling channel.The scanning area is divided into 180 equally sized zones based on the CT scanning images,and threedimensional(3D)distributions of the channeling channels are developed.Four micro remaining oil distribution patterns are proposed,and the morphology characteristics of micro remaining oil inside and outside the channeling channels are analyzed.The results show that hot water flooding is more balanced in the weakly heterogeneous model,and the oil saturation decreases by more than 20%in most zones without narrow channeling channels forming.In the strongly heterogeneous model,hot water flooding is unbalanced,and three narrow channeling channels of different lengths form.In the weakly heterogeneous model,the oil saturation reduction is greater in zones with larger pores.The distribution range of the average pore size is larger in the strongly heterogeneous model.The network remaining oil inside the channeling channels is less than outside the channeling channels,and the hot water converts the network remaining oil into cluster,film,and droplet remaining oil.展开更多
A cold atom source is important for quantum metrology and precision measurement.To reduce the quantum projection noise limit in optical lattice clock,one can increase the number of cold atoms and reduce the dead time ...A cold atom source is important for quantum metrology and precision measurement.To reduce the quantum projection noise limit in optical lattice clock,one can increase the number of cold atoms and reduce the dead time by enhancing the loading rate.In this work,we realize an enhanced cold mercury atom source based on a two-dimensional(2D)magnetooptical trap(MOT).The vacuum system is composed of two titanium chambers connected with a differential pumping tube.Two stable cooling laser systems are adopted for the 2D-MOT and the three-dimensional(3D)-MOT,respectively.Using an optimized 2D-MOT and push beam,about 1.3×10^(6)atoms,which are almost an order of magnitude higher than using a pure 3D-MOT,are loaded into the 3D-MOT for202Hg atoms.This enhanced cold mercury atom source is helpful in increasing the frequency stability of a neutral mercury lattice clock.展开更多
Evidence has shown that endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress plays a role in the regulation of skin physiological functions such as melanocyte transformation and keratinocyte-related epidermal homeostasis.Other pathologica...Evidence has shown that endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress plays a role in the regulation of skin physiological functions such as melanocyte transformation and keratinocyte-related epidermal homeostasis.Other pathological processes may also be influenced.Recently,more evidence has suggested that ER stress participates in the pathogenesis of melanoma.Many biological functions of melanoma can be affected by the disturbance of ER stress.We herein review the network of ER stress and its role in melanoma and discuss several chemicals or drugs that may act as tumor inhibitors by influencing ER stress.展开更多
Introduction:Merkel cell carcinoma(MCC)is a rare,aggressive cutaneous malignancy,and its pathogenesis might relate to ultraviolet light and Merkel cell polyomavirus infection.MCC in the Chinese population is uncommon....Introduction:Merkel cell carcinoma(MCC)is a rare,aggressive cutaneous malignancy,and its pathogenesis might relate to ultraviolet light and Merkel cell polyomavirus infection.MCC in the Chinese population is uncommon.Here,we present a case of MCC that occurred based on widespread actinic keratosis(AK)in a Chinese female.Case report:An 82-year-old woman presented with two rapidly enlarging and rupture lesions on the face for 1 year.Biopsy was suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)on the forehead and MCC on the left cheek.The patient had a history of generalized AK for 3 years.The lesion on the left cheek was also revealed as an AK by histopathological examination 1 year ago.Complete surgical resection was performed to remove the two malignancies.Discussion:The co-occurrence of AK,SCC,and MCC in a Chinese woman is unusual.Immunohistopathological examination is vital for correct diagnosis.The three tumors,in this case,may originate from two different precursor cells and are affected by the same carcinogen.Alternatively,they may come from the same pluripotent epidermal stem cells,and chronic exposure to ultraviolet light and Merkel cell polyomavirus lead to the formation of different types of tumors.The coexist of MCC with other cutaneous tumors provided a train of thought for exploring the origin of MCC.Conclusion:We reported a rare co-existence phenomenon of MCC associated with AK and SCC.Hence,long-term follow-up and early treatment are imperative for patients with premalignant lesions,such as widespread AK.展开更多
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma(ATLL)is an aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma caused by the human T lymphotropic virus type-1.The skin is affected in approximately half of ATLL patients,and skin lesions may be the f...Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma(ATLL)is an aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma caused by the human T lymphotropic virus type-1.The skin is affected in approximately half of ATLL patients,and skin lesions may be the first manifestation of the disease.The skin lesions of ATLL are polymorphous,and depend on the type of skin eruption,which makes it possible for doctors to predict the prognosis of the disease based on the characteristics of skin lesions.In this review article,we describe the clinical manifestations and histopathological patterns of skin lesions in ATLL,focus on its diagnostic and prognostic significance,and also summarize the advances in the treatment of ATLL.展开更多
Objective:Cutaneous and subcutaneous infectious granulorna (CSIG) is a broad group of inflammatory conditions that share important similarities in granulomatous reaction pattem and nonspecific clinical presentation.He...Objective:Cutaneous and subcutaneous infectious granulorna (CSIG) is a broad group of inflammatory conditions that share important similarities in granulomatous reaction pattem and nonspecific clinical presentation.Here,we conducted the retrospective study to identify the clinical,pathological,and epidemiological correlations of CSIG cases at a signal center in China.Methods:Data of patients diagnosed with CSIG between January 1,2011 and December 31,2015 were retrospectively collected,including socio-demographic information,pathogen diagnosis,clinical features,pathological results,treatment,and prognosis.Results:This study included 256 patients (137 males and 119 females) with a mean age of 52 years.Infections were more common in those aged over 40 years old (76.17%).The most common pathogens were Mycobacterium leprae (26.56%),Sporothrix schenckii (23.83%),and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (15.63%).Mycobacterium marinum (8.98%) accounted for51.11% of nontuberculous mycobactedal contagion.Lesions were most common in the distal extremities (32.03%).The predominant clinical forms were plaques (61/142,42.96%) and nodules (41/142,28.87%).Conclusions:Various pathogens were responsible for the CSIG cases in this study,with M.leprae being the most common.CSIG should be considered as a likely diagnosis for patients with lesions on exposed parts of the body that present as plaques or nodules and has a history of trauma.展开更多
Three cases of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) type D were reported.It is a new reported morphological subtype of LyP recently.Type D LyP manifests marked epidermotropism and shows coexpression of CD8 and CD30.It is nece...Three cases of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) type D were reported.It is a new reported morphological subtype of LyP recently.Type D LyP manifests marked epidermotropism and shows coexpression of CD8 and CD30.It is necessary to differentiate Type D LyP from other benign and malignant diseases which have similar clinical and histopathological features.Awareness of this entity can lead to correct diagnosis of this disease.展开更多
Introduction Erythrokeratoderma variabilis is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis that usually appears within the first year of life, but may arise later in childhood. EKV was described by Mendes da Costa in 1925...Introduction Erythrokeratoderma variabilis is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis that usually appears within the first year of life, but may arise later in childhood. EKV was described by Mendes da Costa in 1925(1)Clinical characteristics of EKV consist of irregularly-shaped, erythematous, scaly patches and hyperkera-totic plaques.展开更多
Introduction Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma that accounts for less than 1% of all peripheral T-cell lymphomas.SPTCL is characterized by multiple subcutaneous...Introduction Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma that accounts for less than 1% of all peripheral T-cell lymphomas.SPTCL is characterized by multiple subcutaneous nodules or plaques that occur in the extremities,and it has a poor prognosis if accompanied by hemophagocytic syndrome.The histopathological findings and immunophenotype of SPTCL are specific and can help to confirm the diagnosis.We herein report such a rare case involving a woman with a single facial lesion.展开更多
Introduction Vulvar melanoma is the second most common vulvar malignancy and a significant health issue in women.Despite its low incidence,vulvar melanoma has a poor prognosis with a high tendency to metastasize due t...Introduction Vulvar melanoma is the second most common vulvar malignancy and a significant health issue in women.Despite its low incidence,vulvar melanoma has a poor prognosis with a high tendency to metastasize due to delayed diagnosis.Most women are postmenopausal and aged 50 to 70 years at the time of diagnosis[1].The occurrence of vulvar malignant melanoma (MM) at <30 years of age is extremely rare.We herein describe a case of primary vulvar MM in a 27-year-old woman during her first pregnancy.展开更多
Introduction:Trichofolliculoma characterized clinically by the presence of acentral dilated pore with tufted hairs and corresponds histologically to a central primary follicle and many secondary vellus hair follicles ...Introduction:Trichofolliculoma characterized clinically by the presence of acentral dilated pore with tufted hairs and corresponds histologically to a central primary follicle and many secondary vellus hair follicles originating from it.Thus far,dermoscopy dascription of trichofolliculoma has been lacking.Here,we describe a typical case of trichofolliculoma,particularly the special manifestation under the dermoscopy.Case presentation:A 29-year-old man complained a five-year history of a nodule containing a central whitish hair plug on his left tempus.Dermoscopic examination revealed a well-defined,yellow macule with a central whitish hair plug surrounded by dilated capillaries,and histopathological analysis was consistent with trichofolliculoma.Discussion:The findings of dermoscopy were also vary,which may be affected by the origin of the disease,various phases of the hair cycle,depth of the lesion,and even external stimulus.Conclusion:Diagnosis of trichofolliculoma is sometimes difficult because the presence of the central crater and visible hairs is low,and dermoscopy examination may be a potentially useful diagnostic tool.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2018YFA0702400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52174050)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2020ME088)the National Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao (Grant No.23-2-1-227-zyyd-jch)。
文摘Hot water flooding is an effective way to develop heavy oil reservoirs.However,local channeling channels may form,possibly leading to a low thermal utilization efficiency and high water cut in the reservoir.The pore structure heterogeneity is an important factor in forming these channels.This study proposes a method that mixes quartz sand with different particle sizes to prepare weakly heterogeneous and strongly heterogeneous models through which hot water flooding experiments are conducted.During the experiments,computer tomography(CT)scanning identifies the pore structure and micro remaining oil saturation distribution to analyze the influence of the pore structure heterogeneity on the channeling channels.The oil saturation reduction and average pore size are divided into three levels to quantitatively describe the relationship between the channeling channel distribution and pore structure heterogeneity.The zone where oil saturation reduction exceeds 20%is defined as a channeling channel.The scanning area is divided into 180 equally sized zones based on the CT scanning images,and threedimensional(3D)distributions of the channeling channels are developed.Four micro remaining oil distribution patterns are proposed,and the morphology characteristics of micro remaining oil inside and outside the channeling channels are analyzed.The results show that hot water flooding is more balanced in the weakly heterogeneous model,and the oil saturation decreases by more than 20%in most zones without narrow channeling channels forming.In the strongly heterogeneous model,hot water flooding is unbalanced,and three narrow channeling channels of different lengths form.In the weakly heterogeneous model,the oil saturation reduction is greater in zones with larger pores.The distribution range of the average pore size is larger in the strongly heterogeneous model.The network remaining oil inside the channeling channels is less than outside the channeling channels,and the hot water converts the network remaining oil into cluster,film,and droplet remaining oil.
文摘A cold atom source is important for quantum metrology and precision measurement.To reduce the quantum projection noise limit in optical lattice clock,one can increase the number of cold atoms and reduce the dead time by enhancing the loading rate.In this work,we realize an enhanced cold mercury atom source based on a two-dimensional(2D)magnetooptical trap(MOT).The vacuum system is composed of two titanium chambers connected with a differential pumping tube.Two stable cooling laser systems are adopted for the 2D-MOT and the three-dimensional(3D)-MOT,respectively.Using an optimized 2D-MOT and push beam,about 1.3×10^(6)atoms,which are almost an order of magnitude higher than using a pure 3D-MOT,are loaded into the 3D-MOT for202Hg atoms.This enhanced cold mercury atom source is helpful in increasing the frequency stability of a neutral mercury lattice clock.
基金supported by the Nanjing Incubation Program for National Clinical Research Center(No.2019060001)PUMC Youth Fund(No.3332017168)Six Major Talent Summit in Jiangsu Province(No.WSN-030).
文摘Evidence has shown that endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress plays a role in the regulation of skin physiological functions such as melanocyte transformation and keratinocyte-related epidermal homeostasis.Other pathological processes may also be influenced.Recently,more evidence has suggested that ER stress participates in the pathogenesis of melanoma.Many biological functions of melanoma can be affected by the disturbance of ER stress.We herein review the network of ER stress and its role in melanoma and discuss several chemicals or drugs that may act as tumor inhibitors by influencing ER stress.
文摘Introduction:Merkel cell carcinoma(MCC)is a rare,aggressive cutaneous malignancy,and its pathogenesis might relate to ultraviolet light and Merkel cell polyomavirus infection.MCC in the Chinese population is uncommon.Here,we present a case of MCC that occurred based on widespread actinic keratosis(AK)in a Chinese female.Case report:An 82-year-old woman presented with two rapidly enlarging and rupture lesions on the face for 1 year.Biopsy was suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)on the forehead and MCC on the left cheek.The patient had a history of generalized AK for 3 years.The lesion on the left cheek was also revealed as an AK by histopathological examination 1 year ago.Complete surgical resection was performed to remove the two malignancies.Discussion:The co-occurrence of AK,SCC,and MCC in a Chinese woman is unusual.Immunohistopathological examination is vital for correct diagnosis.The three tumors,in this case,may originate from two different precursor cells and are affected by the same carcinogen.Alternatively,they may come from the same pluripotent epidermal stem cells,and chronic exposure to ultraviolet light and Merkel cell polyomavirus lead to the formation of different types of tumors.The coexist of MCC with other cutaneous tumors provided a train of thought for exploring the origin of MCC.Conclusion:We reported a rare co-existence phenomenon of MCC associated with AK and SCC.Hence,long-term follow-up and early treatment are imperative for patients with premalignant lesions,such as widespread AK.
基金The word was supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.CIFMS-2017-I2M-1-017)PUMC Youth Fund(No.3332017168).
文摘Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma(ATLL)is an aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma caused by the human T lymphotropic virus type-1.The skin is affected in approximately half of ATLL patients,and skin lesions may be the first manifestation of the disease.The skin lesions of ATLL are polymorphous,and depend on the type of skin eruption,which makes it possible for doctors to predict the prognosis of the disease based on the characteristics of skin lesions.In this review article,we describe the clinical manifestations and histopathological patterns of skin lesions in ATLL,focus on its diagnostic and prognostic significance,and also summarize the advances in the treatment of ATLL.
基金supported by grants from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS-2016-I2M-1–005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81371751)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20141065)
文摘Objective:Cutaneous and subcutaneous infectious granulorna (CSIG) is a broad group of inflammatory conditions that share important similarities in granulomatous reaction pattem and nonspecific clinical presentation.Here,we conducted the retrospective study to identify the clinical,pathological,and epidemiological correlations of CSIG cases at a signal center in China.Methods:Data of patients diagnosed with CSIG between January 1,2011 and December 31,2015 were retrospectively collected,including socio-demographic information,pathogen diagnosis,clinical features,pathological results,treatment,and prognosis.Results:This study included 256 patients (137 males and 119 females) with a mean age of 52 years.Infections were more common in those aged over 40 years old (76.17%).The most common pathogens were Mycobacterium leprae (26.56%),Sporothrix schenckii (23.83%),and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (15.63%).Mycobacterium marinum (8.98%) accounted for51.11% of nontuberculous mycobactedal contagion.Lesions were most common in the distal extremities (32.03%).The predominant clinical forms were plaques (61/142,42.96%) and nodules (41/142,28.87%).Conclusions:Various pathogens were responsible for the CSIG cases in this study,with M.leprae being the most common.CSIG should be considered as a likely diagnosis for patients with lesions on exposed parts of the body that present as plaques or nodules and has a history of trauma.
文摘Three cases of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) type D were reported.It is a new reported morphological subtype of LyP recently.Type D LyP manifests marked epidermotropism and shows coexpression of CD8 and CD30.It is necessary to differentiate Type D LyP from other benign and malignant diseases which have similar clinical and histopathological features.Awareness of this entity can lead to correct diagnosis of this disease.
文摘Introduction Erythrokeratoderma variabilis is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis that usually appears within the first year of life, but may arise later in childhood. EKV was described by Mendes da Costa in 1925(1)Clinical characteristics of EKV consist of irregularly-shaped, erythematous, scaly patches and hyperkera-totic plaques.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.CIFMS-2017-I2M-1-107)
文摘Introduction Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma that accounts for less than 1% of all peripheral T-cell lymphomas.SPTCL is characterized by multiple subcutaneous nodules or plaques that occur in the extremities,and it has a poor prognosis if accompanied by hemophagocytic syndrome.The histopathological findings and immunophenotype of SPTCL are specific and can help to confirm the diagnosis.We herein report such a rare case involving a woman with a single facial lesion.
文摘Introduction Vulvar melanoma is the second most common vulvar malignancy and a significant health issue in women.Despite its low incidence,vulvar melanoma has a poor prognosis with a high tendency to metastasize due to delayed diagnosis.Most women are postmenopausal and aged 50 to 70 years at the time of diagnosis[1].The occurrence of vulvar malignant melanoma (MM) at <30 years of age is extremely rare.We herein describe a case of primary vulvar MM in a 27-year-old woman during her first pregnancy.
基金The study was supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.CIFMS-2017-I2M-1-017).
文摘Introduction:Trichofolliculoma characterized clinically by the presence of acentral dilated pore with tufted hairs and corresponds histologically to a central primary follicle and many secondary vellus hair follicles originating from it.Thus far,dermoscopy dascription of trichofolliculoma has been lacking.Here,we describe a typical case of trichofolliculoma,particularly the special manifestation under the dermoscopy.Case presentation:A 29-year-old man complained a five-year history of a nodule containing a central whitish hair plug on his left tempus.Dermoscopic examination revealed a well-defined,yellow macule with a central whitish hair plug surrounded by dilated capillaries,and histopathological analysis was consistent with trichofolliculoma.Discussion:The findings of dermoscopy were also vary,which may be affected by the origin of the disease,various phases of the hair cycle,depth of the lesion,and even external stimulus.Conclusion:Diagnosis of trichofolliculoma is sometimes difficult because the presence of the central crater and visible hairs is low,and dermoscopy examination may be a potentially useful diagnostic tool.
