The smart emulsification and demulsification system with the light response is a useful tool in various industries,including green chemistry,catalytic reaction,pharmaceuticals,and environmental remediation.Herein,an i...The smart emulsification and demulsification system with the light response is a useful tool in various industries,including green chemistry,catalytic reaction,pharmaceuticals,and environmental remediation.Herein,an ionic liquid crystal compound with a light triggered switch based on the azobenzene group[(4-{3-methyl-1-[3-(8-octyloxyoctyl)oxy-4-oxobutanoyl]imidazo-lium-1-yl}octyl)oxy]-N-(4-methylphenyl)benzene-1,2-diazene bromide(MOIAzo),was designed and synthesized,which could cause reversible transition between emulsification and demulsification through the light trigger.The ionic liquid has an efficient photoinduced liquefaction process,which dramatically lowers the melting point of ionic liquids from 79 to 9.2 oC.This significantly broadens the liquid state temperature of the ionic liquid crystal.The ionic liquid crystal MOIAzo exhibits both photoinduced and thermally induced nematic liquid crystal properties.The smart emulsion system was effectively employed in an eco-friendly water-saving dyeing process of cationic dyes for cationic dyeable polyester(CDP)fabrics,which used only half the amount of water compared with the conventional water bath dyeing method.After dyeing,the oil and water phases can be efficiently separated through the light irradiation,and the oil phase can be reused for the subsequent dyeing process.This novel smart emulsion dyeing method greatly reduces the water consumption and wastewater discharge.MOIAzo as a lighttriggered ionic liquid molecule opens up new dimensions in green chemistry.展开更多
Understanding corm development in flower bulbs is of importance for securing the quality of cut flowers and propagation of commercial stocks.Gladiolus is one of the most popular bulb plants worldwide.Its corm developm...Understanding corm development in flower bulbs is of importance for securing the quality of cut flowers and propagation of commercial stocks.Gladiolus is one of the most popular bulb plants worldwide.Its corm development is characterized by starch accumulation.Previous research has shown that phytohormones(especially gibberellin(GA))are involved in tuber development.However,the relationship between abscisic acid(ABA)/GA and starch during corm development remains unclear.To gain deeper insights into the biological process of corm development,we performed a detailed anatomical characterization of different stages of corm development and analyzed phytohormone levels.Our study showed that corm development is linked to hormones(ABA and GA)and carbohydrates(sucrose and starch).Exogenous hormone treatment and silencing of endogenous hormone biosynthesis genes indicated that ABA positively regulates corm development,while GA acts as an antagonist of ABA function.A sucrose synthase gene(GhSUS2)was shown to be involved in the antagonism between ABA and GA.GhSUS2 was upregulated by ABA and downregulated by GA.The increase in the transcript level of GhSUS2 coincided with the development of corm/cormels.Silencing of GhSUS2 repressed corm development and starch accumulation.In conclusion,we propose that GhSUS2,an essential enzyme in sucrose degradation,is differentially regulated by ABA and GA and controls corm development in Gladiolus.展开更多
Ornamental geophytes are a group of important flowers worldwide.As perennial plants,geophytes go through several rounds of life cycle under seasonal climates.The dormant trait of underground modified organs in geophyt...Ornamental geophytes are a group of important flowers worldwide.As perennial plants,geophytes go through several rounds of life cycle under seasonal climates.The dormant trait of underground modified organs in geophytes is critical for the process of storage,planting as well as breeding.Although the dormant physiology in geophytes is complex and largely unknown,several advancements have been achieved in this field.Here,we review the knowledge on the role of environmental factors,endogenous hormones,carbohydrates,and epigenetics in the regulation of geophytes dormancy release(GDR).We also discuss dormancy release(DR)methods and their roles in geophytes,including small molecular chemicals and wounding treatments.展开更多
[Objectives] In order to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution in paddy fields,field experiments were carried out to study the effect of Ca-Si soil conditioner on heavy metal remediation in paddy fields. [Methods...[Objectives] In order to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution in paddy fields,field experiments were carried out to study the effect of Ca-Si soil conditioner on heavy metal remediation in paddy fields. [Methods] A conventional planting mode( CK) was used as the control,and a Ca-Si soil conditioner( Ca-Si) treatment was set to analyze the differences in soil pH and heavy metal contents in different treatments. [Results]The content of cadmium in the paddy field exceeded the soil pollution risk control value of agricultural land by 59. 33%. The Ca-Si soil conditioner increased the pH value of paddy field soil by 0. 58 unit. The fixation rates of Ca-Si soil conditioner on chromium,arsenic,cadmium and plumbum reached 75. 96%,14. 09%,18. 93% and 7. 81% compared with the CK,respectively,and the available cadmium and lead contents were reduced by 82. 35% and 80. 00%,respectively. [Conclusions]This study provides ideas and references for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in paddy soil.展开更多
In our previous study,a heat-induced differentially expressed WRKY-IIe gene LlWRKY22 is isolated from lily(Lilium longiflorum),which acts as a positive role in thermotolerance,but whether it is involved in other stres...In our previous study,a heat-induced differentially expressed WRKY-IIe gene LlWRKY22 is isolated from lily(Lilium longiflorum),which acts as a positive role in thermotolerance,but whether it is involved in other stress responses is unknown.Here,the expression of LlWRKY22 was indicated to be positively influenced by heat,salt,or mannitol treatments,and its promoter activity was also enhanced after heat,salt,or mannitol treatments.In addition,LlWRKY22 responded to ABA treatment,which activated its expression and also increased the promoter activity.Overexpression of LlWRKY22 in Arabidopsis contributed to growth defects and early flowering.Simultaneously,compared with the wild type,the ABA sensitivity in transgenic lines was increased in both the germination stage and late growth stage.Further analysis showed that LlWRKY22 overexpression elevated the thermotolerance of transgenic plants and induced the expression of AtDREB2A,AtDREB2B,AtDREB2C,and AtJUB1.The salt and mannitol tolerances of the overexpression lines were also improved.Overall,our results illustrated that LlWRKY22 is affected by heat,salt,and osmotic stresses,and positively regulates heat,salt,and osmotic tolerances,which reveals that it acts as a generalist character responding to different abiotic stresses.And further to that,the regulatory pathway of LlWRKY22 also involves in ABA signaling.展开更多
The CCCH proteins play important roles in plant growth and development,hormone response,pathogen defense and abiotic stress tolerance.However,the knowledge of their roles in thermotolerance are scarce.Here,we identifi...The CCCH proteins play important roles in plant growth and development,hormone response,pathogen defense and abiotic stress tolerance.However,the knowledge of their roles in thermotolerance are scarce.Here,we identified a heat-inducible CCCH gene LlC3H18 from lily.LIC3H18 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus under normal conditions,while it translocated in the cytoplasmic foci and co-located with the markers of two messenger ribonucleoprotein(mRNP)granules,processing bodies(PBs)and stress granules(SGs)under heat stress conditions,and it also exhibited RNA-binding ability.In addition,LIC3H18 exhibited transactivation activity in both yeast and plant cells.In lily and Arabidopsis,overexpression of LIC3H18 damaged their thermotolerances,and silencing of LIC3H18 in lily also impaired its thermotolerance.Similarly,Arabidopsis atc3h18 mutant also showed decreased thermotolerance.These results indicated that the appropriate expression of C3H18 was crucial for establishing thermotolerance.Further analysis found that LIC3H18 directly bound to the promoter of LIWRKY33 and activated its expression.Besides,it was found that LIMYB305 acted as an upstream factor of LlC3H18 and activated its expression.In conclusion,we demonstrated that there may be a LIMYB305-LlC3H18-LIWRKY33 regulatory module in lily that is involved in the establishment of thermotolerance and finely regulates heat stress response.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22278069,21978046)Textile Vision Basic Research Program(J202005).
文摘The smart emulsification and demulsification system with the light response is a useful tool in various industries,including green chemistry,catalytic reaction,pharmaceuticals,and environmental remediation.Herein,an ionic liquid crystal compound with a light triggered switch based on the azobenzene group[(4-{3-methyl-1-[3-(8-octyloxyoctyl)oxy-4-oxobutanoyl]imidazo-lium-1-yl}octyl)oxy]-N-(4-methylphenyl)benzene-1,2-diazene bromide(MOIAzo),was designed and synthesized,which could cause reversible transition between emulsification and demulsification through the light trigger.The ionic liquid has an efficient photoinduced liquefaction process,which dramatically lowers the melting point of ionic liquids from 79 to 9.2 oC.This significantly broadens the liquid state temperature of the ionic liquid crystal.The ionic liquid crystal MOIAzo exhibits both photoinduced and thermally induced nematic liquid crystal properties.The smart emulsion system was effectively employed in an eco-friendly water-saving dyeing process of cationic dyes for cationic dyeable polyester(CDP)fabrics,which used only half the amount of water compared with the conventional water bath dyeing method.After dyeing,the oil and water phases can be efficiently separated through the light irradiation,and the oil phase can be reused for the subsequent dyeing process.This novel smart emulsion dyeing method greatly reduces the water consumption and wastewater discharge.MOIAzo as a lighttriggered ionic liquid molecule opens up new dimensions in green chemistry.
基金This work was funded by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant 6212012 to J.W.)National Natural Science Foundation projects(grant 31701952 to J.W.)+1 种基金Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000032)111 Project of the Ministry of Education(B17043)。
文摘Understanding corm development in flower bulbs is of importance for securing the quality of cut flowers and propagation of commercial stocks.Gladiolus is one of the most popular bulb plants worldwide.Its corm development is characterized by starch accumulation.Previous research has shown that phytohormones(especially gibberellin(GA))are involved in tuber development.However,the relationship between abscisic acid(ABA)/GA and starch during corm development remains unclear.To gain deeper insights into the biological process of corm development,we performed a detailed anatomical characterization of different stages of corm development and analyzed phytohormone levels.Our study showed that corm development is linked to hormones(ABA and GA)and carbohydrates(sucrose and starch).Exogenous hormone treatment and silencing of endogenous hormone biosynthesis genes indicated that ABA positively regulates corm development,while GA acts as an antagonist of ABA function.A sucrose synthase gene(GhSUS2)was shown to be involved in the antagonism between ABA and GA.GhSUS2 was upregulated by ABA and downregulated by GA.The increase in the transcript level of GhSUS2 coincided with the development of corm/cormels.Silencing of GhSUS2 repressed corm development and starch accumulation.In conclusion,we propose that GhSUS2,an essential enzyme in sucrose degradation,is differentially regulated by ABA and GA and controls corm development in Gladiolus.
基金funded by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(6212012 to J.W.)National Natural Science Foundation projects(grants 3217180532+3 种基金31701952 to J.W.and 31902047 to J.J.S.)Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(CEFF-PXM 2019_014207_000032)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2008085MC79 to J.J.S.)The 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University and 111 Project of the Ministry of Education(B17043).
文摘Ornamental geophytes are a group of important flowers worldwide.As perennial plants,geophytes go through several rounds of life cycle under seasonal climates.The dormant trait of underground modified organs in geophytes is critical for the process of storage,planting as well as breeding.Although the dormant physiology in geophytes is complex and largely unknown,several advancements have been achieved in this field.Here,we review the knowledge on the role of environmental factors,endogenous hormones,carbohydrates,and epigenetics in the regulation of geophytes dormancy release(GDR).We also discuss dormancy release(DR)methods and their roles in geophytes,including small molecular chemicals and wounding treatments.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A030307075)Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(135-99000206,432-99000228)+2 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Shaoguan City(2018sn038)School-level Project of Shaoguan University(SY2016KJ04)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(Sycxcy2017-041,201810576009)。
文摘[Objectives] In order to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution in paddy fields,field experiments were carried out to study the effect of Ca-Si soil conditioner on heavy metal remediation in paddy fields. [Methods] A conventional planting mode( CK) was used as the control,and a Ca-Si soil conditioner( Ca-Si) treatment was set to analyze the differences in soil pH and heavy metal contents in different treatments. [Results]The content of cadmium in the paddy field exceeded the soil pollution risk control value of agricultural land by 59. 33%. The Ca-Si soil conditioner increased the pH value of paddy field soil by 0. 58 unit. The fixation rates of Ca-Si soil conditioner on chromium,arsenic,cadmium and plumbum reached 75. 96%,14. 09%,18. 93% and 7. 81% compared with the CK,respectively,and the available cadmium and lead contents were reduced by 82. 35% and 80. 00%,respectively. [Conclusions]This study provides ideas and references for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in paddy soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902055)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYZZ2022004)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1000400)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20190532).
文摘In our previous study,a heat-induced differentially expressed WRKY-IIe gene LlWRKY22 is isolated from lily(Lilium longiflorum),which acts as a positive role in thermotolerance,but whether it is involved in other stress responses is unknown.Here,the expression of LlWRKY22 was indicated to be positively influenced by heat,salt,or mannitol treatments,and its promoter activity was also enhanced after heat,salt,or mannitol treatments.In addition,LlWRKY22 responded to ABA treatment,which activated its expression and also increased the promoter activity.Overexpression of LlWRKY22 in Arabidopsis contributed to growth defects and early flowering.Simultaneously,compared with the wild type,the ABA sensitivity in transgenic lines was increased in both the germination stage and late growth stage.Further analysis showed that LlWRKY22 overexpression elevated the thermotolerance of transgenic plants and induced the expression of AtDREB2A,AtDREB2B,AtDREB2C,and AtJUB1.The salt and mannitol tolerances of the overexpression lines were also improved.Overall,our results illustrated that LlWRKY22 is affected by heat,salt,and osmotic stresses,and positively regulates heat,salt,and osmotic tolerances,which reveals that it acts as a generalist character responding to different abiotic stresses.And further to that,the regulatory pathway of LlWRKY22 also involves in ABA signaling.
基金Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong Universitysupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272761,31902055)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYZZ2022004)the Project for Crop Germplasm Resources Conservation of Jiangsu(2021-SJ-011).
文摘The CCCH proteins play important roles in plant growth and development,hormone response,pathogen defense and abiotic stress tolerance.However,the knowledge of their roles in thermotolerance are scarce.Here,we identified a heat-inducible CCCH gene LlC3H18 from lily.LIC3H18 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus under normal conditions,while it translocated in the cytoplasmic foci and co-located with the markers of two messenger ribonucleoprotein(mRNP)granules,processing bodies(PBs)and stress granules(SGs)under heat stress conditions,and it also exhibited RNA-binding ability.In addition,LIC3H18 exhibited transactivation activity in both yeast and plant cells.In lily and Arabidopsis,overexpression of LIC3H18 damaged their thermotolerances,and silencing of LIC3H18 in lily also impaired its thermotolerance.Similarly,Arabidopsis atc3h18 mutant also showed decreased thermotolerance.These results indicated that the appropriate expression of C3H18 was crucial for establishing thermotolerance.Further analysis found that LIC3H18 directly bound to the promoter of LIWRKY33 and activated its expression.Besides,it was found that LIMYB305 acted as an upstream factor of LlC3H18 and activated its expression.In conclusion,we demonstrated that there may be a LIMYB305-LlC3H18-LIWRKY33 regulatory module in lily that is involved in the establishment of thermotolerance and finely regulates heat stress response.
