BACKGROUND Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events are associated with poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.There is conflicting evidence on the effects of chronic anticoagulation on mortality an...BACKGROUND Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events are associated with poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.There is conflicting evidence on the effects of chronic anticoagulation on mortality and severity of COVID-19 disease.AIM To summarize the body of evidence on the effects of pre-hospital anticoagulation on outcomes in COVID-19 patients.METHODS A Literature search was performed on LitCovid PubMed,WHO,and Scopus databases from inception(December 2019)till June 2023 for original studies reporting an association between prior use of anticoagulants and patient outcomes in adults with COVID-19.The primary outcome was the risk of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients taking anticoagulants.Secondary outcomes included COVID-19 disease severity,in terms of intensive care unit admission or invasive mechanical ventilation/intubation requirement in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection,and mortality.The random effects models were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios(aORs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).RESULTS Forty-six observational studies met our inclusion criteria.The unadjusted analysis found no association between prior anticoagulation and thromboembolic event risk[n=43851,9 studies,odds ratio(OR)=0.67(0.22,2.07);P=0.49;I2=95%].The association between prior anticoagulation and disease severity was non-significant[n=186782;22 studies,OR=1.08(0.78,1.49);P=0.64;I2=89%].However,pre-hospital anticoagulation significantly increased all-cause mortality risk[n=207292;35 studies,OR=1.72(1.37,2.17);P<0.00001;I2=93%].Pooling adjusted estimates revealed a statistically non-significant association between pre-hospital anticoagulation and thromboembolic event risk[aOR=0.87(0.42,1.80);P=0.71],mortality[aOR=0.94(0.84,1.05);P=0.31],and disease severity[aOR=0.96(0.72,1.26);P=0.76].CONCLUSION Prehospital anticoagulation was not significantly associated with reduced risk of thromboembolic events,improved survival,and lower disease severity in COVID-19 patients.展开更多
Daily newspapers publish a tremendous amount of information disseminated through the Internet.Freely available and easily accessible large online repositories are not indexed and are in an un-processable format.The ma...Daily newspapers publish a tremendous amount of information disseminated through the Internet.Freely available and easily accessible large online repositories are not indexed and are in an un-processable format.The major hindrance in developing and evaluating existing/new monolingual text in an image is that it is not linked and indexed.There is no method to reuse the online news images because of the unavailability of standardized benchmark corpora,especially for South Asian languages.The corpus is a vital resource for developing and evaluating text in an image to reuse local news systems in general and specifically for the Urdu language.Lack of indexing,primarily semantic indexing of the daily news items,makes news items impracticable for any querying.Moreover,the most straightforward search facility does not support these unindexed news resources.Our study addresses this gap by associating and marking the newspaper images with one of the widely spoken but under-resourced languages,i.e.,Urdu.The present work proposed a method to build a benchmark corpus of news in image form by introducing a web crawler.The corpus is then semantically linked and annotated with daily news items.Two techniques are proposed for image annotation,free annotation and fixed cross examination annotation.The second technique got higher accuracy.Build news ontology in protégéusing OntologyWeb Language(OWL)language and indexed the annotations under it.The application is also built and linked with protégéso that the readers and journalists have an interface to query the news items directly.Similarly,news items linked together will provide complete coverage and bring together different opinions at a single location for readers to do the analysis themselves.展开更多
Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are innovative devices that combine microbial processes with electrochemical reactions to convert organic matter in wastewater into electricity while simultaneously treating the wastewater.On...Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are innovative devices that combine microbial processes with electrochemical reactions to convert organic matter in wastewater into electricity while simultaneously treating the wastewater.One such application is the treatment of spent wash,a highly polluting effluent generated from the distillery industry after crude mesh is separated into ethanol and spent wash.Spent wash,also known as distillery effluent or stillage,is a highly challenging wastewater treatment method due to its high chemical oxygen demand(COD),biological oxygen demand(BOD),and total dissolved solids(TDS).These characteristics make it a complex and polluting industrial effluent that requires specialized treatment processes to reduce its environmental impact effectively.However,MFCs have shown promise in treating spent wash,as they can utilize the organic matter in wastewater as a fuel source for microbial growth as well as for electricity generation.For the treatment of spent wash,Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp.was used as a biocatalyst along with 340 mol/L potassium ferricyanide in the cathode chamber and 170 mol/L methylene blue in the anode as a mediator.All tests were conducted by balancing a one-liter volume for power production from spent wash in MFC with the optimal conditions of 10%agarose,pH 8.5,300 mL/min of aeration in the cathode chamber,and 40%(in weight)substrate concentration.At an ideal concentration,the maximum current and power density are roughly 53.41 mA/m^(2)and 72.22 mW/m^(2),respectively.For each litre of processed spent wash,a maximum voltage of 850 mV(4.5 mA)was obtained.Amazingly,91%of COD and BOD were removed from the effluent MFC.These findings show that MFCs are capable of producing electricity and efficiently removing COD from wasted wash at the same time.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events are associated with poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.There is conflicting evidence on the effects of chronic anticoagulation on mortality and severity of COVID-19 disease.AIM To summarize the body of evidence on the effects of pre-hospital anticoagulation on outcomes in COVID-19 patients.METHODS A Literature search was performed on LitCovid PubMed,WHO,and Scopus databases from inception(December 2019)till June 2023 for original studies reporting an association between prior use of anticoagulants and patient outcomes in adults with COVID-19.The primary outcome was the risk of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients taking anticoagulants.Secondary outcomes included COVID-19 disease severity,in terms of intensive care unit admission or invasive mechanical ventilation/intubation requirement in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection,and mortality.The random effects models were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios(aORs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).RESULTS Forty-six observational studies met our inclusion criteria.The unadjusted analysis found no association between prior anticoagulation and thromboembolic event risk[n=43851,9 studies,odds ratio(OR)=0.67(0.22,2.07);P=0.49;I2=95%].The association between prior anticoagulation and disease severity was non-significant[n=186782;22 studies,OR=1.08(0.78,1.49);P=0.64;I2=89%].However,pre-hospital anticoagulation significantly increased all-cause mortality risk[n=207292;35 studies,OR=1.72(1.37,2.17);P<0.00001;I2=93%].Pooling adjusted estimates revealed a statistically non-significant association between pre-hospital anticoagulation and thromboembolic event risk[aOR=0.87(0.42,1.80);P=0.71],mortality[aOR=0.94(0.84,1.05);P=0.31],and disease severity[aOR=0.96(0.72,1.26);P=0.76].CONCLUSION Prehospital anticoagulation was not significantly associated with reduced risk of thromboembolic events,improved survival,and lower disease severity in COVID-19 patients.
基金King Saud University through Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP-2021/387),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Daily newspapers publish a tremendous amount of information disseminated through the Internet.Freely available and easily accessible large online repositories are not indexed and are in an un-processable format.The major hindrance in developing and evaluating existing/new monolingual text in an image is that it is not linked and indexed.There is no method to reuse the online news images because of the unavailability of standardized benchmark corpora,especially for South Asian languages.The corpus is a vital resource for developing and evaluating text in an image to reuse local news systems in general and specifically for the Urdu language.Lack of indexing,primarily semantic indexing of the daily news items,makes news items impracticable for any querying.Moreover,the most straightforward search facility does not support these unindexed news resources.Our study addresses this gap by associating and marking the newspaper images with one of the widely spoken but under-resourced languages,i.e.,Urdu.The present work proposed a method to build a benchmark corpus of news in image form by introducing a web crawler.The corpus is then semantically linked and annotated with daily news items.Two techniques are proposed for image annotation,free annotation and fixed cross examination annotation.The second technique got higher accuracy.Build news ontology in protégéusing OntologyWeb Language(OWL)language and indexed the annotations under it.The application is also built and linked with protégéso that the readers and journalists have an interface to query the news items directly.Similarly,news items linked together will provide complete coverage and bring together different opinions at a single location for readers to do the analysis themselves.
文摘Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are innovative devices that combine microbial processes with electrochemical reactions to convert organic matter in wastewater into electricity while simultaneously treating the wastewater.One such application is the treatment of spent wash,a highly polluting effluent generated from the distillery industry after crude mesh is separated into ethanol and spent wash.Spent wash,also known as distillery effluent or stillage,is a highly challenging wastewater treatment method due to its high chemical oxygen demand(COD),biological oxygen demand(BOD),and total dissolved solids(TDS).These characteristics make it a complex and polluting industrial effluent that requires specialized treatment processes to reduce its environmental impact effectively.However,MFCs have shown promise in treating spent wash,as they can utilize the organic matter in wastewater as a fuel source for microbial growth as well as for electricity generation.For the treatment of spent wash,Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp.was used as a biocatalyst along with 340 mol/L potassium ferricyanide in the cathode chamber and 170 mol/L methylene blue in the anode as a mediator.All tests were conducted by balancing a one-liter volume for power production from spent wash in MFC with the optimal conditions of 10%agarose,pH 8.5,300 mL/min of aeration in the cathode chamber,and 40%(in weight)substrate concentration.At an ideal concentration,the maximum current and power density are roughly 53.41 mA/m^(2)and 72.22 mW/m^(2),respectively.For each litre of processed spent wash,a maximum voltage of 850 mV(4.5 mA)was obtained.Amazingly,91%of COD and BOD were removed from the effluent MFC.These findings show that MFCs are capable of producing electricity and efficiently removing COD from wasted wash at the same time.
