Introduction: A recent study in Kenya highlighted a promising advance in malaria control by demonstrating that infecting mosquitoes with the endosymbiont Microsporidia MB blocks Plasmodium transmission. However, the i...Introduction: A recent study in Kenya highlighted a promising advance in malaria control by demonstrating that infecting mosquitoes with the endosymbiont Microsporidia MB blocks Plasmodium transmission. However, the influence of biotic and abiotic factors such as diet, relative humidity (RH) and temperature on this infection remains poorly studied. This study, aimed to gain a better understanding of this relationship. Methods: To highlight the influence of diet quantity, we defined a range of 3 quantities: 0.00375 g, 0.015 g and 0.09 g. Each quantity was tested on two groups of larvae: a group of 150 larvae infected with Microsporidia MB (MB+), and a group of 150 larvae not infected with Microsporidia MB (MB−) (control group), each divided into three replicates of 50 larvae. Each replicate was fed each morning with the assigned quantity until the pupal stage. In addition to this factor, we investigated the influence of temperature and RH. We defined three temperature-RH combinations: 21˚C-80% RH, 39˚C-50% RH, and 27˚C-75% RH. Each combination was tested on two groups of larvae: a group of 150 MB+ larvae and a group of 150 MB− larvae, each divided into three replicates of 50 larvae. Each replicate was subjected to the assigned combination until pupation. Pupae that had reached the adult stage were tested by PCR to determine their Microsporidia MB infection status for each factor studied. Results: The results showed that only the lowest quantity (0.00375 g) significantly reduced the prevalence of Microsporidia MB compared with the medium quantity (chi-2 test, χ2 = 4.9088, df = 1, p = 0.02672) and the high quantity (chi-2 test, χ2 = 4.7958, df = 1, p = 0.02853). As for temperature and RH, the combination 39˚C-50% RH led to a significant reduction in the prevalence of Microsporidia MB compared with the combination 27˚C-75% RH (chi-2 test, χ2 = 6.3736, ddl = 1, p = 0.01158) and that 21˚C-80% RH (chi-2 test, χ2 = 9.983, ddl = 1, p = 0.00158). Conclusion: This work contributes to a better understanding of some key factors linked to Microsporidia MB infection in mosquitoes. However, further research on several generations is necessary to draw more comprehensive conclusions.展开更多
Fall Armyworms (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, particularly in maize crops, is a major agricultural pest. Current control methods rely heavily on chemical pesticides, which are costly and harmful to non-target organisms....Fall Armyworms (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, particularly in maize crops, is a major agricultural pest. Current control methods rely heavily on chemical pesticides, which are costly and harmful to non-target organisms. To provide a sustainable alternative, the research isolated indigenous Entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium sp. and Trichoderma sp., from FAW-infested areas. The fungi were tested for virulence against FAW and a non-target insect, Cirina butyrospermi. Results showed that Metarhizium sp. FAW was highly effective in killing FAW while sparing Cirina butyrospermi, demonstrating its potential as a biological control agent. In addition, FAW infected with Metarhizium sp. exhibited a significant reduction in food consumption. The study highlights the potential use of indigenous fungi in integrated pest management systems, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides and supporting sustainable agriculture. Further research is needed to understand the interaction of these promising Metarhizum strains with soil microbiota and their long-term efficacy in field conditions.展开更多
Introduction: Malaria control needs the development of complementary and/or alternative strategies such as biological controls. Despite, malaria’s current control efforts, the spread and the emergence of insecticide ...Introduction: Malaria control needs the development of complementary and/or alternative strategies such as biological controls. Despite, malaria’s current control efforts, the spread and the emergence of insecticide resistance in vectors undermine the fight against vectors. Endonsymbiotic fungi can be a good candidate to include in the existence of Arsenal. However, we know little about endosymbiotic fungi transmission and its impact on malaria transmission. In this paper, the authors aimed to investigate Microsporidia sp MB transgenerational and sexual autodissemination and malaria parasites within Anopheline mosquitoes. Methods: An entomology survey was conducted in Burkina Faso for one year (June 2020 to June 2021) using the Residual Fauna Capture method. Infection rates in collected females, sexual autodissemination of Microsporidia sp MB in both Microsporidia sp MB negative females and Microsporidia sp MB negative males through mating, transgenerational prevalence from parents to offsprings and the correlation between Microsporidia sp MB and Plasmodium falciparum were investigated. Results: Results show Microsporidia sp MB infection in An. gambaie s.l in Burkina Faso. The prevalence was significantly higher (21.78%) in An. coluzzii than An. gambiae s.s (16.89%) (p-value = 0.03). Sexual auto-dissemination of Microsporidia sp MB in Microsporidia sp MB uninfected females was significantly 3-fold lower than those in Microsporidia sp MB uninfected males (9.23% and 33.33%, p-value = 0.03) during mating for An. coluzzii lines. Microsporidia sp MB prevalence was significantly higher through mosquitos’ generations in An. gambaie s.s than An. coluzzii (30.23% vs 26.41%, p-value Microsporidia sp MB and Plasmodium infection rate with 73% of Microsporidia sp MB positive mosquitoes which were negative at Plasmodium infection (p-value Conclusions: Our findings pave the road to developing new malaria control technologies by making Microsporidia sp MB-positive males sexually competitive with wild males to spread the fungus to wild female mosquitoes.展开更多
文摘Introduction: A recent study in Kenya highlighted a promising advance in malaria control by demonstrating that infecting mosquitoes with the endosymbiont Microsporidia MB blocks Plasmodium transmission. However, the influence of biotic and abiotic factors such as diet, relative humidity (RH) and temperature on this infection remains poorly studied. This study, aimed to gain a better understanding of this relationship. Methods: To highlight the influence of diet quantity, we defined a range of 3 quantities: 0.00375 g, 0.015 g and 0.09 g. Each quantity was tested on two groups of larvae: a group of 150 larvae infected with Microsporidia MB (MB+), and a group of 150 larvae not infected with Microsporidia MB (MB−) (control group), each divided into three replicates of 50 larvae. Each replicate was fed each morning with the assigned quantity until the pupal stage. In addition to this factor, we investigated the influence of temperature and RH. We defined three temperature-RH combinations: 21˚C-80% RH, 39˚C-50% RH, and 27˚C-75% RH. Each combination was tested on two groups of larvae: a group of 150 MB+ larvae and a group of 150 MB− larvae, each divided into three replicates of 50 larvae. Each replicate was subjected to the assigned combination until pupation. Pupae that had reached the adult stage were tested by PCR to determine their Microsporidia MB infection status for each factor studied. Results: The results showed that only the lowest quantity (0.00375 g) significantly reduced the prevalence of Microsporidia MB compared with the medium quantity (chi-2 test, χ2 = 4.9088, df = 1, p = 0.02672) and the high quantity (chi-2 test, χ2 = 4.7958, df = 1, p = 0.02853). As for temperature and RH, the combination 39˚C-50% RH led to a significant reduction in the prevalence of Microsporidia MB compared with the combination 27˚C-75% RH (chi-2 test, χ2 = 6.3736, ddl = 1, p = 0.01158) and that 21˚C-80% RH (chi-2 test, χ2 = 9.983, ddl = 1, p = 0.00158). Conclusion: This work contributes to a better understanding of some key factors linked to Microsporidia MB infection in mosquitoes. However, further research on several generations is necessary to draw more comprehensive conclusions.
文摘Fall Armyworms (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, particularly in maize crops, is a major agricultural pest. Current control methods rely heavily on chemical pesticides, which are costly and harmful to non-target organisms. To provide a sustainable alternative, the research isolated indigenous Entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium sp. and Trichoderma sp., from FAW-infested areas. The fungi were tested for virulence against FAW and a non-target insect, Cirina butyrospermi. Results showed that Metarhizium sp. FAW was highly effective in killing FAW while sparing Cirina butyrospermi, demonstrating its potential as a biological control agent. In addition, FAW infected with Metarhizium sp. exhibited a significant reduction in food consumption. The study highlights the potential use of indigenous fungi in integrated pest management systems, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides and supporting sustainable agriculture. Further research is needed to understand the interaction of these promising Metarhizum strains with soil microbiota and their long-term efficacy in field conditions.
文摘Introduction: Malaria control needs the development of complementary and/or alternative strategies such as biological controls. Despite, malaria’s current control efforts, the spread and the emergence of insecticide resistance in vectors undermine the fight against vectors. Endonsymbiotic fungi can be a good candidate to include in the existence of Arsenal. However, we know little about endosymbiotic fungi transmission and its impact on malaria transmission. In this paper, the authors aimed to investigate Microsporidia sp MB transgenerational and sexual autodissemination and malaria parasites within Anopheline mosquitoes. Methods: An entomology survey was conducted in Burkina Faso for one year (June 2020 to June 2021) using the Residual Fauna Capture method. Infection rates in collected females, sexual autodissemination of Microsporidia sp MB in both Microsporidia sp MB negative females and Microsporidia sp MB negative males through mating, transgenerational prevalence from parents to offsprings and the correlation between Microsporidia sp MB and Plasmodium falciparum were investigated. Results: Results show Microsporidia sp MB infection in An. gambaie s.l in Burkina Faso. The prevalence was significantly higher (21.78%) in An. coluzzii than An. gambiae s.s (16.89%) (p-value = 0.03). Sexual auto-dissemination of Microsporidia sp MB in Microsporidia sp MB uninfected females was significantly 3-fold lower than those in Microsporidia sp MB uninfected males (9.23% and 33.33%, p-value = 0.03) during mating for An. coluzzii lines. Microsporidia sp MB prevalence was significantly higher through mosquitos’ generations in An. gambaie s.s than An. coluzzii (30.23% vs 26.41%, p-value Microsporidia sp MB and Plasmodium infection rate with 73% of Microsporidia sp MB positive mosquitoes which were negative at Plasmodium infection (p-value Conclusions: Our findings pave the road to developing new malaria control technologies by making Microsporidia sp MB-positive males sexually competitive with wild males to spread the fungus to wild female mosquitoes.
