Preterm birth(PTB),defined as a live birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestation,is associated with numerous adverse outcomes.These include poor growth,respiratory disorders,heightened susceptibility to infections be...Preterm birth(PTB),defined as a live birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestation,is associated with numerous adverse outcomes.These include poor growth,respiratory disorders,heightened susceptibility to infections because of low body weights,underdeveloped body functions,and low immunity.Such complications considerably affect infant health,pose life-threatening risks,and impose substantial social and economic burdens.展开更多
The main spatial distribution features of shear rate in a stirred tank operated with five different radial and axial flow impellers were presented with particle image velocimetry(PIV)experiments.Not only the average s...The main spatial distribution features of shear rate in a stirred tank operated with five different radial and axial flow impellers were presented with particle image velocimetry(PIV)experiments.Not only the average shear rate in the whole tank but also the local value in the vicinity of impeller increases linearly with impeller speed.Furthermore,the shear coefficient(Ks,imp)at the impeller outlet is linearly related to the impeller flow number(Nq)and decreases with the increase of Nq in general at the constant power consumption per unit volume(Pv).During scale-up based on the constant Pv and geometric similarity,CFD results show that the volume-averaged shear rate(cavg)for RDT decreases faster than that of other impellers with the impeller tip velocity(Utip).The novel multi-blade combined(MBC)impeller with the increased height-to-diameter ratio of the stirred tank is able to more effectively improve the distribution uniformity of shear rate at the same Pv after scale-up.These studies provide a data basis for selecting the impeller types and improving the shear rate environment in the large-scale stirred tank.展开更多
As the largest genus of Halymeniaceae,Grateloupia has been widely reported.Here,we observed the life history and early development of Grateloupia constricata Li et Ding and investigated the effects of temperature,irra...As the largest genus of Halymeniaceae,Grateloupia has been widely reported.Here,we observed the life history and early development of Grateloupia constricata Li et Ding and investigated the effects of temperature,irradiance,and photoperiod on the discoid crust and sporeling development of G.constricata under laboratory conditions.We observed that the type of carpospore development was“mediate discal type”.The life history included homotypic gametophyte(haploid),carposporophyte(diploid),and tetrasporophyte(diploid),with typical isomorphic alternation of generations.The results of double factorial analysis showed that both single factorial effects and interaction among temperature,photoperiod,and irradiance were obviously significant on the discoid crust and sporeling development.Furthermore,we found that the optimum combination of condition for the early growth and development of G.constricata was temperature 20°C,irradiance 80μmol photons/(m^2·s)and photoperiod 16L:8D.This study provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the conservation of the Grateloupia germplasm,artificial breeding,large-scale cultivation and sustainable development.展开更多
Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer,originating from the malignant transformation of melanocyte.While the development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has gained revolutionary advances in potentiating...Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer,originating from the malignant transformation of melanocyte.While the development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has gained revolutionary advances in potentiating the therapeutic effect,the prognosis of patients with melanoma is still suboptimal.During tumor progression,melanoma frequently encounters stress from both endogenous and exogenous sources in tumor microenvironment.SIRT7 is a nuclear-localized deacetylase of which the activity is highly dependent on intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+),with versatile biological functions in maintaining cell homeostasis.Nevertheless,whether SIRT7 regulates tumor cell biology and tumor immunology in melanoma under stressful tumor microenvironment remains elusive.Herein,we reported that SIRT7 orchestrates melanoma progression by simultaneously promoting tumor cell survival and immune evasion via the activation of unfolded protein response.We first identified that SIRT7 expression was the most significantly increased one in sirtuins family upon stress.Then,we proved that the deficiency of SIRT7 potentiated tumor cell death under stress in vitro and suppressed melanoma growth in vivo.Mechanistically,SIRT7 selectively activated the IRE1α-XBP1 axis to potentiate the pro-survival ERK signal pathway and the secretion of tumorpromoting cytokines.SIRT7 directly de-acetylated SMAD4 to antagonize the TGF-β-SMAD4 signal,which relieved the transcriptional repression on IRE1αand induced the activation of the IRE1α-XBP1 axis.Moreover,SIRT7 up-regulation eradicated anti-tumor immunity by promoting PD-L1 expression via the IRE1α-XBP1 axis.Additionally,the synergized therapeutic effect of SIRT7 suppression and anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade was also investigated.Taken together,SIRT7 can be employed as a promising target to restrain tumor growth and increase the effect of melanoma immunotherapy.展开更多
Dear Editor,Bladder cancer is the most common type of genitourinary cancer in China,with an estimated 80,500 new cases and 32,900 related deaths in 2015 alone(Chen et al.,2016).Unlike many other cancers,there has been...Dear Editor,Bladder cancer is the most common type of genitourinary cancer in China,with an estimated 80,500 new cases and 32,900 related deaths in 2015 alone(Chen et al.,2016).Unlike many other cancers,there has been no significant improvement in survival rates for bladder cancer over the last three decades.Specific treatment regimens for bladder cancer and their efficacy vary depending not only on clinical stages,but also on associated risk factors and other personal clinical characteristics.Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)have a high 5-year recurrence rate of 60%-70%(Berdik,2017)and those with muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)has a relatively poor prognosis with approximately 65%risk of death within 5-year follow-up(Kamat et al.,2016).Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop models for bladder cancer to screen for rational treatment strategies by personalized medicine to improve the clinical assessment and treatment of bladder cancer.展开更多
文摘Preterm birth(PTB),defined as a live birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestation,is associated with numerous adverse outcomes.These include poor growth,respiratory disorders,heightened susceptibility to infections because of low body weights,underdeveloped body functions,and low immunity.Such complications considerably affect infant health,pose life-threatening risks,and impose substantial social and economic burdens.
基金National Key Research and Development Program (2020YFA0906800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21808221, 91934301, 21961160745)+2 种基金External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences (122111KYSB20190032)the Key Research Program of Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry (No. E0010719)Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAGM2020C06)
文摘The main spatial distribution features of shear rate in a stirred tank operated with five different radial and axial flow impellers were presented with particle image velocimetry(PIV)experiments.Not only the average shear rate in the whole tank but also the local value in the vicinity of impeller increases linearly with impeller speed.Furthermore,the shear coefficient(Ks,imp)at the impeller outlet is linearly related to the impeller flow number(Nq)and decreases with the increase of Nq in general at the constant power consumption per unit volume(Pv).During scale-up based on the constant Pv and geometric similarity,CFD results show that the volume-averaged shear rate(cavg)for RDT decreases faster than that of other impellers with the impeller tip velocity(Utip).The novel multi-blade combined(MBC)impeller with the increased height-to-diameter ratio of the stirred tank is able to more effectively improve the distribution uniformity of shear rate at the same Pv after scale-up.These studies provide a data basis for selecting the impeller types and improving the shear rate environment in the large-scale stirred tank.
基金Foundation item: The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 31570209.
文摘As the largest genus of Halymeniaceae,Grateloupia has been widely reported.Here,we observed the life history and early development of Grateloupia constricata Li et Ding and investigated the effects of temperature,irradiance,and photoperiod on the discoid crust and sporeling development of G.constricata under laboratory conditions.We observed that the type of carpospore development was“mediate discal type”.The life history included homotypic gametophyte(haploid),carposporophyte(diploid),and tetrasporophyte(diploid),with typical isomorphic alternation of generations.The results of double factorial analysis showed that both single factorial effects and interaction among temperature,photoperiod,and irradiance were obviously significant on the discoid crust and sporeling development.Furthermore,we found that the optimum combination of condition for the early growth and development of G.constricata was temperature 20°C,irradiance 80μmol photons/(m^2·s)and photoperiod 16L:8D.This study provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the conservation of the Grateloupia germplasm,artificial breeding,large-scale cultivation and sustainable development.
基金The research leading to these results has received funding from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81902791,82173395)Support Program of Young Talents in Shaanxi Province(No.20200303,No.2022SF-178)Young Eagle Project of Fourth Military Medical University(No.2019cyjhgwn).
文摘Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer,originating from the malignant transformation of melanocyte.While the development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has gained revolutionary advances in potentiating the therapeutic effect,the prognosis of patients with melanoma is still suboptimal.During tumor progression,melanoma frequently encounters stress from both endogenous and exogenous sources in tumor microenvironment.SIRT7 is a nuclear-localized deacetylase of which the activity is highly dependent on intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+),with versatile biological functions in maintaining cell homeostasis.Nevertheless,whether SIRT7 regulates tumor cell biology and tumor immunology in melanoma under stressful tumor microenvironment remains elusive.Herein,we reported that SIRT7 orchestrates melanoma progression by simultaneously promoting tumor cell survival and immune evasion via the activation of unfolded protein response.We first identified that SIRT7 expression was the most significantly increased one in sirtuins family upon stress.Then,we proved that the deficiency of SIRT7 potentiated tumor cell death under stress in vitro and suppressed melanoma growth in vivo.Mechanistically,SIRT7 selectively activated the IRE1α-XBP1 axis to potentiate the pro-survival ERK signal pathway and the secretion of tumorpromoting cytokines.SIRT7 directly de-acetylated SMAD4 to antagonize the TGF-β-SMAD4 signal,which relieved the transcriptional repression on IRE1αand induced the activation of the IRE1α-XBP1 axis.Moreover,SIRT7 up-regulation eradicated anti-tumor immunity by promoting PD-L1 expression via the IRE1α-XBP1 axis.Additionally,the synergized therapeutic effect of SIRT7 suppression and anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade was also investigated.Taken together,SIRT7 can be employed as a promising target to restrain tumor growth and increase the effect of melanoma immunotherapy.
基金The work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31270830 and 21572038)Shanghai Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.17401930400)and Development Fund for Shanghai Talents.
文摘Dear Editor,Bladder cancer is the most common type of genitourinary cancer in China,with an estimated 80,500 new cases and 32,900 related deaths in 2015 alone(Chen et al.,2016).Unlike many other cancers,there has been no significant improvement in survival rates for bladder cancer over the last three decades.Specific treatment regimens for bladder cancer and their efficacy vary depending not only on clinical stages,but also on associated risk factors and other personal clinical characteristics.Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)have a high 5-year recurrence rate of 60%-70%(Berdik,2017)and those with muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)has a relatively poor prognosis with approximately 65%risk of death within 5-year follow-up(Kamat et al.,2016).Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop models for bladder cancer to screen for rational treatment strategies by personalized medicine to improve the clinical assessment and treatment of bladder cancer.
