The antifouling of marine facilities placed below the waterline is a key constraint to the development of the marine economy.Currently,commercial Cu_(2)O-based antifouling coatings still have defects such as agglomera...The antifouling of marine facilities placed below the waterline is a key constraint to the development of the marine economy.Currently,commercial Cu_(2)O-based antifouling coatings still have defects such as agglomeration,oxidation,short duration and high dosage.For this reason,we developed for the first time a triple antifouling system consisting of Cu_(2)O@poly(NIPAM-co-DAm)(Cu_(2)O@PND)dynamic redox micro-gels triggered by copper ions and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS).The catechol groups of PND nanogels can chelate Cu^(2+)and reduce it in situ to obtain Cu_(2)O@PND microgels,which guarantees the stable release of Cu^(+).Furthermore,Cu_(2)O remains stable and free from oxidation because of the electron transfer between PND and Cu^(2+).Finally,superior antifouling performance was achieved by combining the stable Cu^(+)re-leased from Cu_(2)O,in situ conversion of PND to hydrogel,and its oxidation to produce active substances and H_(2)O_(2),and PDMS coating with low surface energy.展开更多
This study evaluated the effects of flavonoids from mulberry leaves(FML)on plasma biochemical indices,serum activities of lipid metabolism-related enzymes,fat morphology,fatty acid composition,and lipid metabolism in ...This study evaluated the effects of flavonoids from mulberry leaves(FML)on plasma biochemical indices,serum activities of lipid metabolism-related enzymes,fat morphology,fatty acid composition,and lipid metabolism in different adipose tissues of finishing pigs.We used 120 Chinese hybrid barrows of Berkshire and Bama mini-pigs with an average initial body weight of 45.11±4.23 kg.The pigs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups and fed a control diet based on corn,soybean meal,and wheat bran or a control diet supplemented with 0.02%,0.04%,0.08%,or 0.16%FML.Each experimental group had six replicates(pens),with four pigs per pen.After a 7-d adaptation period,the feeding trial was conducted for 58 d.Blood and adipose tissue samples were collected from 30 pigs(one pig per pen)at the end of the test.The results showed that FML supplementation significantly decreased the feed intake to body gain ratio,the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and free fatty acids,and the serum activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase(linear or quadratic effects,P<0.05),and decreased the plasma triglyceride concentration(quadratic,P=0.07).Increasing FML supplementation increased the average daily gain and serum activities of lipoprotein lipase(linear and quadratic effects,P<0.05)and adipose triglyceride lipase(linear,P<0.05).Dietary FML supplementation decreased the adipocyte area in the dorsal subcutaneous adipose(DSA)tissue of finishing pigs(linear,P=0.05)and increased the adipocyte area in the visceral adipose tissue(quadratic,P<0.01).Increasing FML supplementation decreased the C20:1 content in DSA,abdominal subcutaneous adipose,and visceral adipose tissues of finishing pigs(P<0.05)and increased the C18:3n3 and n-3 PUFA contents(P<0.05).The lipid metabolism genes were regulated by the PPARγ-LXRa-ABCA1 signaling pathway,and their expressions differed in different adipose tissues.These findings suggest that FML improved growth performance,regulated lipid metabolism,inhibited fat production,and improved fatty acid distribution in the adipose tissue of finishing pigs,thereby improving pig fat's nutritional quality and health value.展开更多
干旱会直接影响水稻的生长发育,导致其产量和品质下降。在水稻中异源表达细菌RNA分子伴侣Csp能够显著提高水稻的耐旱能力,并且不影响水稻的正常生长。古菌中也发现具有类似细菌分子伴侣Csp功能的TRAM (TRM2 and MiaB)蛋白,且古菌的DNA...干旱会直接影响水稻的生长发育,导致其产量和品质下降。在水稻中异源表达细菌RNA分子伴侣Csp能够显著提高水稻的耐旱能力,并且不影响水稻的正常生长。古菌中也发现具有类似细菌分子伴侣Csp功能的TRAM (TRM2 and MiaB)蛋白,且古菌的DNA复制、转录和翻译等过程与真核生物有着更为相似的调控方式,然而,古菌中RNA分子伴侣蛋白能否调控植物耐旱能力还未见报道。我们选取了嗜冷甲烷古菌Methanolobus psychrophilus R15中两个TRAM蛋白在水稻中进行研究,发现在水稻中过量表达Mpsy3066和Mpsy0643两个TRAM蛋白均能显著提高水稻苗期和成株期时对干旱胁迫的耐受能力。同时,我们在水稻原生质体中验证了TRAM蛋白可以发挥其分子伴侣的功能消除RNA的错误折叠对翻译的影响,这可能是TRAM转基因植物发挥其耐旱能力的作用机制。该工作初步展示了异源表达古菌TRAMs可以作为提高水稻耐旱能力的一种有效手段。展开更多
Pytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） plays important roles in defense responses. Nonetheless, how ABA regulates plant resistance to biotrophic fungi remains largely unknown. Arabidopsis ABA-deficient mutants, aba2-1 and ...Pytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） plays important roles in defense responses. Nonetheless, how ABA regulates plant resistance to biotrophic fungi remains largely unknown. Arabidopsis ABA-deficient mutants, aba2-1 and aba3-1, displayed enhanced resistance to the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces cichoracearum. Moreover, exogenously administered ABA increased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to G. cichoracearum. Arabidopsis ABA perception components mutants, abil-1 and abi2-1, also displayed similar phenotypes to ABA-deficient mutants in resistance to G. cichoracearum. However, the resistance to G. cichoracearum is not changed in downstream ABA signaling transduction mutants, abi3-1, abi4-1, and abi5-1. Microscopic examination revealed that hyphal growth and conidiophore production of G. cichoracearum were compromised in the ABA deficient mutants, even though pre-penetration and penetration growth of the fimgus were not affected. In addition, salicylic acid （SA） and MPK3 are found to be involved in ABA-regulated resistance to G. cichoracearurn. Our work demonstrates that ABA negatively regulates post-penetration resistance of Arabidopsis to powdery mildew fungus G. cichoracearum, probably through antagonizing the function of SA.展开更多
Dear Editor, The general way to probe functions of a protein in vivo is to perturb its level and then observe subsequent phe- notypic changes. In plants, modulation of protein level is mainly carried out at DNA or RN...Dear Editor, The general way to probe functions of a protein in vivo is to perturb its level and then observe subsequent phe- notypic changes. In plants, modulation of protein level is mainly carried out at DNA or RNA level, which is indirect and thus affected by stability of the target protein. Thus, experimental approaches to perturb protein level directly are needed, but still limited in plants. In mammalian cells, a technique to modulate protein level directly has been developed. Engineered destabilizing domain （DD） of the human FKBP12 protein can confer instability to other pro- teins when fused to it. A small synthetic molecule ligand Shield 1 （Shldl） can bind DD and shield it from degrada- tion. The level of DD fused protein can be controlled by adjusting Shldl concentration （Banaszynski et al., 2006）.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52073311)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Nos.2020A1515011274 and 2021A1515012281).
文摘The antifouling of marine facilities placed below the waterline is a key constraint to the development of the marine economy.Currently,commercial Cu_(2)O-based antifouling coatings still have defects such as agglomeration,oxidation,short duration and high dosage.For this reason,we developed for the first time a triple antifouling system consisting of Cu_(2)O@poly(NIPAM-co-DAm)(Cu_(2)O@PND)dynamic redox micro-gels triggered by copper ions and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS).The catechol groups of PND nanogels can chelate Cu^(2+)and reduce it in situ to obtain Cu_(2)O@PND microgels,which guarantees the stable release of Cu^(+).Furthermore,Cu_(2)O remains stable and free from oxidation because of the electron transfer between PND and Cu^(2+).Finally,superior antifouling performance was achieved by combining the stable Cu^(+)re-leased from Cu_(2)O,in situ conversion of PND to hydrogel,and its oxidation to produce active substances and H_(2)O_(2),and PDMS coating with low surface energy.
基金supported by the Hunan Province Key R&D Program Project(2020NK2033)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ30317)+1 种基金Innovation Platform and Talent Plan Program of Hunan Province(2022NK4145)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972600)
文摘This study evaluated the effects of flavonoids from mulberry leaves(FML)on plasma biochemical indices,serum activities of lipid metabolism-related enzymes,fat morphology,fatty acid composition,and lipid metabolism in different adipose tissues of finishing pigs.We used 120 Chinese hybrid barrows of Berkshire and Bama mini-pigs with an average initial body weight of 45.11±4.23 kg.The pigs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups and fed a control diet based on corn,soybean meal,and wheat bran or a control diet supplemented with 0.02%,0.04%,0.08%,or 0.16%FML.Each experimental group had six replicates(pens),with four pigs per pen.After a 7-d adaptation period,the feeding trial was conducted for 58 d.Blood and adipose tissue samples were collected from 30 pigs(one pig per pen)at the end of the test.The results showed that FML supplementation significantly decreased the feed intake to body gain ratio,the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and free fatty acids,and the serum activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase(linear or quadratic effects,P<0.05),and decreased the plasma triglyceride concentration(quadratic,P=0.07).Increasing FML supplementation increased the average daily gain and serum activities of lipoprotein lipase(linear and quadratic effects,P<0.05)and adipose triglyceride lipase(linear,P<0.05).Dietary FML supplementation decreased the adipocyte area in the dorsal subcutaneous adipose(DSA)tissue of finishing pigs(linear,P=0.05)and increased the adipocyte area in the visceral adipose tissue(quadratic,P<0.01).Increasing FML supplementation decreased the C20:1 content in DSA,abdominal subcutaneous adipose,and visceral adipose tissues of finishing pigs(P<0.05)and increased the C18:3n3 and n-3 PUFA contents(P<0.05).The lipid metabolism genes were regulated by the PPARγ-LXRa-ABCA1 signaling pathway,and their expressions differed in different adipose tissues.These findings suggest that FML improved growth performance,regulated lipid metabolism,inhibited fat production,and improved fatty acid distribution in the adipose tissue of finishing pigs,thereby improving pig fat's nutritional quality and health value.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB11030500 to Jin-Long Qiu)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071673 to Jin-Long Qiu)
文摘Pytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） plays important roles in defense responses. Nonetheless, how ABA regulates plant resistance to biotrophic fungi remains largely unknown. Arabidopsis ABA-deficient mutants, aba2-1 and aba3-1, displayed enhanced resistance to the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces cichoracearum. Moreover, exogenously administered ABA increased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to G. cichoracearum. Arabidopsis ABA perception components mutants, abil-1 and abi2-1, also displayed similar phenotypes to ABA-deficient mutants in resistance to G. cichoracearum. However, the resistance to G. cichoracearum is not changed in downstream ABA signaling transduction mutants, abi3-1, abi4-1, and abi5-1. Microscopic examination revealed that hyphal growth and conidiophore production of G. cichoracearum were compromised in the ABA deficient mutants, even though pre-penetration and penetration growth of the fimgus were not affected. In addition, salicylic acid （SA） and MPK3 are found to be involved in ABA-regulated resistance to G. cichoracearurn. Our work demonstrates that ABA negatively regulates post-penetration resistance of Arabidopsis to powdery mildew fungus G. cichoracearum, probably through antagonizing the function of SA.
文摘Dear Editor, The general way to probe functions of a protein in vivo is to perturb its level and then observe subsequent phe- notypic changes. In plants, modulation of protein level is mainly carried out at DNA or RNA level, which is indirect and thus affected by stability of the target protein. Thus, experimental approaches to perturb protein level directly are needed, but still limited in plants. In mammalian cells, a technique to modulate protein level directly has been developed. Engineered destabilizing domain （DD） of the human FKBP12 protein can confer instability to other pro- teins when fused to it. A small synthetic molecule ligand Shield 1 （Shldl） can bind DD and shield it from degrada- tion. The level of DD fused protein can be controlled by adjusting Shldl concentration （Banaszynski et al., 2006）.
