The high-pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI) experiment is widely used to assess the pore architecture oftight sandstone reservoirs. However, the conventional analysis of the high- pressure mercury intrusionhas always f...The high-pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI) experiment is widely used to assess the pore architecture oftight sandstone reservoirs. However, the conventional analysis of the high- pressure mercury intrusionhas always focused on the mercury injection curves themselves, neglecting the important geologicalinformation conveyed by the mercury ejection curves. This paper quantitatively describes the fractalcharacteristics of ejection curves by using four fractal models, i.e.,. Menger model, Thermodynamicmodel, Sierpinski model, and multi- fractal model. In comparison with mercury injection curves, weexplore the fractal significance of mercury ejection curves and define the applicability of different fractalmodels in characterizing pore architectures. Investigated tight sandstone samples can be divided intofour types (Types A, B, C and D) based on porosity, permeability, and mercury removal efficiency. Type Dsamples are unique in that they have higher permeability (>0.6 mD) but lower mercury removal effi-ciency (<35%). Fractal studies of the mercury injection curve show that it mainly reflects the pore throatcharacteristics, while the mercury ejection curve serves to reveal the pore features, and porosity andpermeability correlate well with the fractal dimension of the injection curve, while mercury removalefficiency correlates only with the Ds' value of the ejection curve. The studies on the mercury ejectioncurves also reveal that the small pores and micropores of the Type C and Type D samples are moredeveloped, with varying pore architecture. The fractal dimension Ds' value of Type D samples is greaterthan that of Type C samples, and the dissolution of Type D samples is more intense than that of Type Csamples, which further indicates that the Type D samples are smaller in pore size, rougher in surface, andwith greater difficulty for the hydrocarbon to enter, resulting in their reservoir capacity probably lessthan that of Type C samples. In this regard, the important information characterized by the mercuryejection curve should be considered in evaluating the tight sandstone reservoirs. Finally, the Menger andThermodynamic models prove to be more suitable for describing the total pore architecture, while theSierpinski model is better for characterizing the variability of the interconnected pores.展开更多
Column setup has been widely utilized in the petroleum and chemistry industries. However, with the fast progress of industries and the increasingly serious energy shortage, designing a new column setup with better per...Column setup has been widely utilized in the petroleum and chemistry industries. However, with the fast progress of industries and the increasingly serious energy shortage, designing a new column setup with better performance and higher capacity becomes more urgent. In order to improve column's capacity and expand operating condition, a new type of column tray named novel vertical spray packing(NVSP) tray was designed and experimented. The performances of the novel tray, including pressure drop, weeping, entrainment and tray efficiency, were tested in a plexiglass column. In addition, performances of the novel tray were compared with that of the sieve tray and the Glitsch V1 valve tray. Based on the experiment data, the mathematical correlations of pressure drop, weeping and entrainment for the novel tray were established by regression analysis method. A fundamental model of dry pressure drop of the novel tray was promoted at the form of sum mode. The results indicate that the novel tray has wider operating condition and better performance.展开更多
Distillation is the most common separation technology utilized in the petroleum and chemistry industries.Due to the wide usage of the distillation column,even a small improvement in performance may result in significa...Distillation is the most common separation technology utilized in the petroleum and chemistry industries.Due to the wide usage of the distillation column,even a small improvement in performance may result in significant energy cost savings.Aiming to improve the hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance,the flow-guided trapezoid spray-packing tray(FTS-PT)was designed by combining flow-guided holes and trapezoidal caps with structured packing.And the experimental measurements of the FTSPT,including pressure drop,clear liquid height,weeping,entrainment,and tray efficiency,were conducted in a 500 mm diameter plexiglass column with the air-water-oxygen system.Moreover,the performance of the FTS-PT was compared with that of new vertical sieve tray(New VST)and F1 valve tray.The results show that FTS-PT has a significant advantage in pressure drop,entrainment,and capacity.Furthermore,the calculation model of the pressure drop was derived and used for the FTS-PT with a relative deviation of less than 5%.展开更多
PbI2/MoS2,as a typical van der Waals(vdW)heterostructure,has attracted intensive attention owing to its remarkable electronic and optoelectronic properties.In this work,the effect of defects on the electronic structur...PbI2/MoS2,as a typical van der Waals(vdW)heterostructure,has attracted intensive attention owing to its remarkable electronic and optoelectronic properties.In this work,the effect of defects on the electronic structures of a PbI2/MoS2 heterointerface has been systematically investigated.The manner in which the defects modulate the band structure of PbI2/MoS2,including the band gap,band edge,band alignment,and defect energy-level density within the band gap is discussed herein.It is shown that sulfur defects tune the band gaps,iodine defects shift the positions of the band edge and Fermi level,and lead defects realize the conversions between the straddling-gap band alignment and valence-band-aligned gap,thus enhancing the light-absorption ability of the material.展开更多
Environmental problems caused by the development of nanotechnology have threatened human health. Investigating the biomedical effects of nanomaterials can help to solve these environmental safety issues. In studies on...Environmental problems caused by the development of nanotechnology have threatened human health. Investigating the biomedical effects of nanomaterials can help to solve these environmental safety issues. In studies on the biomedical effects of nanomaterials, several types of novel nanoscale probes that allow reliable, sensitive, accurate and rapid biomedical detection have emerged. We summarize recent developments in three categories of these nanoprobes, including noble metal nanocluster probes, carbon-based nanostructured probes, and unnatural amino acid-based probes. Besides reviewing the utility of different nanoprobes in cell imaging and protein detection, we also discuss the molecular mechanism of nanoprobe detection. Perspectives of novel nanoprobe design based on molecular details of biomedical detection are presented.展开更多
The epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） has become an important target protein in anticancer drug development. Meanwhile, peptide-Au cluster has been proposed as potential targeted nano-drug assembled by targeti...The epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） has become an important target protein in anticancer drug development. Meanwhile, peptide-Au cluster has been proposed as potential targeted nano-drug assembled by targeting peptide. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel peptide-Au cluster as AuloPeptides to target to EGFR. We found AumPeptides could target to the natural binding sites of all EGFRs at mem- brane in both active and inactive states by molecular simulations. Its targeted ability was further verified by the co-localization and blocking experiments. We also study the configuration modifications of both active and inactive EGFRs after binding by AumPeptides. For active EGFR, the absorbed AuloPeptide5 might replace the natural ligand in EGFR endocytosis process. Then, the peptide-Au cluster in endochylema could inhibit the cancer relating enzyme activity including thioredoxin reductasel （TrxR1） and induce the oxidative stress mediated apoptosis in tumor cells. For inactive EGFR, it was retained in inactive state by Au10 Peptides binding to inhibit dimerization of EGFR for anticancer. Both pathways might be applied in anticancer drug development based on the theoretical and experimental study here.展开更多
基金The research project was co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42072172,No.41772120)Shandong Province Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.JQ201311)the Graduate Scientific and Technological Innovation Project Financially Supported by Shandong University of Science and Technology(No.SDKDYC190313).
文摘The high-pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI) experiment is widely used to assess the pore architecture oftight sandstone reservoirs. However, the conventional analysis of the high- pressure mercury intrusionhas always focused on the mercury injection curves themselves, neglecting the important geologicalinformation conveyed by the mercury ejection curves. This paper quantitatively describes the fractalcharacteristics of ejection curves by using four fractal models, i.e.,. Menger model, Thermodynamicmodel, Sierpinski model, and multi- fractal model. In comparison with mercury injection curves, weexplore the fractal significance of mercury ejection curves and define the applicability of different fractalmodels in characterizing pore architectures. Investigated tight sandstone samples can be divided intofour types (Types A, B, C and D) based on porosity, permeability, and mercury removal efficiency. Type Dsamples are unique in that they have higher permeability (>0.6 mD) but lower mercury removal effi-ciency (<35%). Fractal studies of the mercury injection curve show that it mainly reflects the pore throatcharacteristics, while the mercury ejection curve serves to reveal the pore features, and porosity andpermeability correlate well with the fractal dimension of the injection curve, while mercury removalefficiency correlates only with the Ds' value of the ejection curve. The studies on the mercury ejectioncurves also reveal that the small pores and micropores of the Type C and Type D samples are moredeveloped, with varying pore architecture. The fractal dimension Ds' value of Type D samples is greaterthan that of Type C samples, and the dissolution of Type D samples is more intense than that of Type Csamples, which further indicates that the Type D samples are smaller in pore size, rougher in surface, andwith greater difficulty for the hydrocarbon to enter, resulting in their reservoir capacity probably lessthan that of Type C samples. In this regard, the important information characterized by the mercuryejection curve should be considered in evaluating the tight sandstone reservoirs. Finally, the Menger andThermodynamic models prove to be more suitable for describing the total pore architecture, while theSierpinski model is better for characterizing the variability of the interconnected pores.
基金Supported by the Central College Research Fund(JL1101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21121064,21076008)
文摘Column setup has been widely utilized in the petroleum and chemistry industries. However, with the fast progress of industries and the increasingly serious energy shortage, designing a new column setup with better performance and higher capacity becomes more urgent. In order to improve column's capacity and expand operating condition, a new type of column tray named novel vertical spray packing(NVSP) tray was designed and experimented. The performances of the novel tray, including pressure drop, weeping, entrainment and tray efficiency, were tested in a plexiglass column. In addition, performances of the novel tray were compared with that of the sieve tray and the Glitsch V1 valve tray. Based on the experiment data, the mathematical correlations of pressure drop, weeping and entrainment for the novel tray were established by regression analysis method. A fundamental model of dry pressure drop of the novel tray was promoted at the form of sum mode. The results indicate that the novel tray has wider operating condition and better performance.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22008004)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZY2017)。
文摘Distillation is the most common separation technology utilized in the petroleum and chemistry industries.Due to the wide usage of the distillation column,even a small improvement in performance may result in significant energy cost savings.Aiming to improve the hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance,the flow-guided trapezoid spray-packing tray(FTS-PT)was designed by combining flow-guided holes and trapezoidal caps with structured packing.And the experimental measurements of the FTSPT,including pressure drop,clear liquid height,weeping,entrainment,and tray efficiency,were conducted in a 500 mm diameter plexiglass column with the air-water-oxygen system.Moreover,the performance of the FTS-PT was compared with that of new vertical sieve tray(New VST)and F1 valve tray.The results show that FTS-PT has a significant advantage in pressure drop,entrainment,and capacity.Furthermore,the calculation model of the pressure drop was derived and used for the FTS-PT with a relative deviation of less than 5%.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11672079)the National Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No.2184130)。
文摘PbI2/MoS2,as a typical van der Waals(vdW)heterostructure,has attracted intensive attention owing to its remarkable electronic and optoelectronic properties.In this work,the effect of defects on the electronic structures of a PbI2/MoS2 heterointerface has been systematically investigated.The manner in which the defects modulate the band structure of PbI2/MoS2,including the band gap,band edge,band alignment,and defect energy-level density within the band gap is discussed herein.It is shown that sulfur defects tune the band gaps,iodine defects shift the positions of the band edge and Fermi level,and lead defects realize the conversions between the straddling-gap band alignment and valence-band-aligned gap,thus enhancing the light-absorption ability of the material.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11404333, 31571026)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB933704)
文摘Environmental problems caused by the development of nanotechnology have threatened human health. Investigating the biomedical effects of nanomaterials can help to solve these environmental safety issues. In studies on the biomedical effects of nanomaterials, several types of novel nanoscale probes that allow reliable, sensitive, accurate and rapid biomedical detection have emerged. We summarize recent developments in three categories of these nanoprobes, including noble metal nanocluster probes, carbon-based nanostructured probes, and unnatural amino acid-based probes. Besides reviewing the utility of different nanoprobes in cell imaging and protein detection, we also discuss the molecular mechanism of nanoprobe detection. Perspectives of novel nanoprobe design based on molecular details of biomedical detection are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571026,11404333)the Special Program for Applied Research on Super Computation of the NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund(the second phase)under Grant No.U1501501
文摘The epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） has become an important target protein in anticancer drug development. Meanwhile, peptide-Au cluster has been proposed as potential targeted nano-drug assembled by targeting peptide. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel peptide-Au cluster as AuloPeptides to target to EGFR. We found AumPeptides could target to the natural binding sites of all EGFRs at mem- brane in both active and inactive states by molecular simulations. Its targeted ability was further verified by the co-localization and blocking experiments. We also study the configuration modifications of both active and inactive EGFRs after binding by AumPeptides. For active EGFR, the absorbed AuloPeptide5 might replace the natural ligand in EGFR endocytosis process. Then, the peptide-Au cluster in endochylema could inhibit the cancer relating enzyme activity including thioredoxin reductasel （TrxR1） and induce the oxidative stress mediated apoptosis in tumor cells. For inactive EGFR, it was retained in inactive state by Au10 Peptides binding to inhibit dimerization of EGFR for anticancer. Both pathways might be applied in anticancer drug development based on the theoretical and experimental study here.
