Understanding the paleoenvironment and phytogeographical history of the Tibetan Plateau,China relies on discovering new plant fossils.The Qaidam Basin has long been regarded as an ideal‘field laboratory’to investiga...Understanding the paleoenvironment and phytogeographical history of the Tibetan Plateau,China relies on discovering new plant fossils.The Qaidam Basin has long been regarded as an ideal‘field laboratory’to investigate the paleoclimate and paleobiological evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau.However,fossil angiosperms from the Qaidam Basin are rare,and our knowledge of its paleovegetation is poor.Here,we report fossil leaves and fruits of Betulaceae found from the Oligocene Shangganchaigou Formation of northwestern Qaidam Basin(Huatugou area).Comparative morphological analysis led us to assign the fruits to the Betula subgenus Betula and the leaves to Carpinus grandis.These findings,together with other reported fossil plants from the same locality,reveal a close floristic linkage between the Qaidam Basin and Europe during the Oligocene.The northern pathway of this floristic exchange may have crossed through the Qaidam Basin during the late Paleogene.This floristic linkage may have been facilitated by the continuous narrowing of the Turgai Strait and stronger westerlies,which transported moisture and provided favorable climatic conditions.Indeed,fossil plants collected from the Qaidam Basin suggest that during the Oligocene this region had warm and humid deciduous broad-leaf forest,which differs from the region’s modern vegetation and indicates that the Qaidam Basin may have been a suitable region for these plants to flourish and spread during the Oligocene.展开更多
BACKGROUND This case of gestational gingival tumor is huge and extremely rare in clinical practice.As the growth location of this gingival tumor is in the upper anterior tooth area,it seriously affects the pregnant wo...BACKGROUND This case of gestational gingival tumor is huge and extremely rare in clinical practice.As the growth location of this gingival tumor is in the upper anterior tooth area,it seriously affects the pregnant woman's speech and food,causing great pain to the patient.The use of Nd:YGA water mist laser to remove the gingival tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding,minimal adverse reactions,and good postoperative healing,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.CASE SUMMARY The patient,a pregnant woman,reported a large lump in her mouth on the first day of postpartum treatment.Based on medical history and clinical examination,the diagnosis was diagnosed as gestational gingival tumor.Postoperative pathological biopsy also confirmed this diagnosis.The use of Nd:YAG water mist laser to remove the tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding,clear surgical field of view,short surgical time,and good postoperative healing.CONCLUSION In comparison to traditional surgery,Nd:YAG water mist laser surgery is minimally invasive,minimizes cell damage,reduces bleeding,ensures a clear field of vision,and virtually eliminates postoperative edema,carbonization,and the risk of cross infection.It has unique advantages in oral soft tissue surgery for pregnant patients.Therefore,the clinical application of Nd:YAG water mist laser for the treatment of gestational gingival tumors is an ideal choice.展开更多
We herein report a rare case of ileal bronchogenic cyst that was found in a 39-year-old Chinese man. He had no symptoms and the physical examination was normal. Tumor markers were within the normal range. Abdominopelv...We herein report a rare case of ileal bronchogenic cyst that was found in a 39-year-old Chinese man. He had no symptoms and the physical examination was normal. Tumor markers were within the normal range. Abdominopelvic enhanced computed tomography showed a mass in the lower abdominal cavity and the tumor had a complete capsule. Diagnostic laparoscopy was then performed, which showed that a spheroid mass with a complete capsule was located at the antimesenteric border of the distal ileum 20 cm from the ileocecal valve, measuring 6.0 cm × 6.0 cm × 5.0 cm. Considering that the malignancy of the tumor cannot be ruled out, and there is a risk of rupture during laparoscopic surgery, the patient was conver-ted to an open surgery. Partial resection of the ileum with the tumor was performed, followed by a side-to-side anastomosis. The tumor was gray-red in color,filled with grayish yellow mucus and had no septum. The postoperative pathology revealed that the cystic wall was lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium without cellular atypia. The wall consisted of bronchial mucous glands and smooth muscle fbers, and no abnormalities were found in adjacent ileumtissues. Thus, a diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst of the ileum was made.展开更多
Steel matrix composites(SMCs)reinforced with WC particles were fabricated via selective laser melting(SLM)by employing various laser scan strategies.A detailed relationship between the SLM strategies,defect formation,...Steel matrix composites(SMCs)reinforced with WC particles were fabricated via selective laser melting(SLM)by employing various laser scan strategies.A detailed relationship between the SLM strategies,defect formation,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of SMCs was established.The laser scan strategies can be manipulated to deliberately alter the thermal history of SMC during SLM processing.Particularly,the involved thermal cycling,which encompassed multiple layers,strongly affected the processing quality of SMCs.Sshaped scan sequence combined with interlayer offset and orthogonal stagger mode can effectively eliminate the metallurgical defects and retained austenite within the produced SMCs.However,due to large thermal stress,microcracks that were perpendicular to the building direction formed within the SMCs.By employing the checkerboard filling(CBF)hatching mode,the thermal stress arising during SLM can be significantly reduced,thus preventing the evolution of interlayer microcracks.The compressive properties of fabricated SMCs can be tailored at a high compressive strength(~3031.5 MPa)and fracture strain(~24.8%)by adopting the CBF hatching mode combined with the optimized scan sequence and stagger mode.This study demonstrates great feasibility in tuning the mechanical properties of SLM-fabricated SMCs without varying the set energy input,e.g.,laser power and scanning speed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Most small intestinal lipomas are treated surgically,and some require repeated surgeries for multiple lipomas.However,application of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)technology in the deep small intesti...BACKGROUND Most small intestinal lipomas are treated surgically,and some require repeated surgeries for multiple lipomas.However,application of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)technology in the deep small intestine is rarely reported owing to the special anatomical structure of the small intestine,medical equipment limitations,and the lack of relevant experience among endoscopists.CASE SUMMARY Two patients with small intestinal lipomas treated at the Air Force Medical Center from November 2015 to September 2019 were selected to undergo balloonassisted ESD to treat the lipomas and explore the technical feasibility and safety of ESD for treating small intestinal lipomas.The two patients successfully underwent balloon-assisted ESD to treat four small intestinal lipomas,with a complete resection rate of 100%(4/4),without intraoperative or postoperative bleeding,perforation,or other complications.After 3-6 mo of postoperative follow-up,the clinical symptoms caused by the lipomas were significantly relieved or disappeared after treatment.CONCLUSION Balloon-assisted ESD is a safe and reliable new method for treating deep intestinal lipomas and shows good clinical feasibility.展开更多
BACKGROUND We report on a case of Vibrio vulnificus(V.vulnificus)detected by metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS)in a 53-year-old male patient with polymicrobial gas gangrene and successful treatment by surge...BACKGROUND We report on a case of Vibrio vulnificus(V.vulnificus)detected by metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS)in a 53-year-old male patient with polymicrobial gas gangrene and successful treatment by surgery.This report raises awareness among dermatologists that when a patient is clinically suspected of a special type of pathogenic infection,the mNGS method should be preferred to identify the patient’s pathogen infection as soon as possible and then take effective treatment in time to save patients’lives.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male who worked in the aquatic market complained of redness and swelling of the lower limbs,blisters and ulcers with fever for 3 d.We used mNGS to test the pathogens in ulcer secretions.The results were returned in 24 h and indicated:V.vulnificus,Fusobacterium necrophorum,Staphylococcus haemolyticus,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Klebsiella aerogenes.This patient was diagnosed with V.vulnificus infection.The emergency operation was performed immediately under combined lumbar and epidural anesthesia:Left leg expansion and exploration(August 10,2021).After surgery,we continued to use piperacillin sodium tazobactam sodium 4.5 g every 8 h and levofloxacin 0.5 g for anti-infection treatment.The patient underwent further surgery under lumbar anesthesia on August 17,2021 and August 31,2021:Left leg deactivation and skin grafting,negative pressure closed drainage and right thigh skin removal.After treatment,the transplanted flap survived.CONCLUSION We could confirm the diagnosis of Vibrio vulnificus infection within 24 h through mNGS detection and then immediately performed emergency surgery.展开更多
BACKGROUND The 8^th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)staging system for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)excludes extrapancreatic extension from the assessment of T stage and restages tumors...BACKGROUND The 8^th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)staging system for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)excludes extrapancreatic extension from the assessment of T stage and restages tumors with mesenterico-portal vein(MPV)invasion into T1-3 diseases according to tumor size.However,MPV invasion is believed to be correlated with a poor prognosis.AIM To analyze whether the inclusion of MPV invasion can further improve the 8th edition of the AJCC staging system for PDAC.METHODS This study retrospectively included 8th edition AJCC T1-3N0-2M0 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy/total pancreatectomy from two cohorts and analyzed survival outcomes.In the first cohort,a total of 7539 patients in the surveillance,epidemiology,and end results database was included,and in the second cohort,689 patients from the West China Hospital database were enrolled.RESULTS Cox regression analysis showed that MPV invasion is an independent prognostic factor in both databases.In the MPV-group,all pairwise comparisons between the survival functions of patients with different stages were significant except for the comparison between patients with stage IIA and those with stage IIB.However,in the MPV+group,pairwise comparisons between the survival functions of patients with stage IA,stage IB,stage IIA,stage IIB,and stage III were not significant.T1-3N0 patients in the MPV+group were compared with the T1N0,T2N0,and T3N0 subgroups of the MPV-group;only the survival of MPV-T3N0 and MPV+T1-3N0 patients had no significant difference.Further comparisons of patients with stage IIA and subgroups of stage IIB showed(1)no significant difference between the survival of T2N1 and T3N0 patients;(2)a longer survival of T1N1 patients that was shorter than the survival of T2N0 patients;and(3)and a shorter survival of T3N1 patients that was similar to that of T1-3N2 patients.CONCLUSION The modified 8th edition of the AJCC staging system for PDAC proposed in this study,which includes the factor of MPV invasion,provides improvements in predicting prognosis,especially in MPV+patients.展开更多
Intestinal microbes are closely related to vital host functions such as digestion and nutrient absorption,which play important roles in enhancing host adaptability.As a natural“laboratory”,caves provide an outstandi...Intestinal microbes are closely related to vital host functions such as digestion and nutrient absorption,which play important roles in enhancing host adaptability.As a natural“laboratory”,caves provide an outstanding model for understanding the significance of gut microbes and feeding habits in the habitat adaptability of hosts.However,research on the relationship between gut microbes,feeding habits,and the adaptability of troglobites remains insufficient.In this study,we compared the characteristics of the intestinal microbes of Sinocyclocheilus cavefish and surface fish and further established the relationship between intestinal and habitat microbes.Furthermore,we conducted environmental DNA(eDNA)(metabarcoding)analysis of environmental samples to clarify the composition of potential food resources in the habitats of the Sinocyclocheilus cavefish and surface fish.Results showed that the structure of the Sinocyclocheilus gut microbes was more related to ecological type(habitat type)than phylogenetic relationships.While horizontal transfer of habitat microbes was a source of gut microbes,hosts also showed strong selection for inherent microbes as dominant microorganisms.Differences in the composition and structure of gut microbes,especially dominant microbes,may enhance the adaptability of the two Sinocyclocheilus fish types from the perspectives of food intake,nutrient utilization,and harmful substance metabolism,suggesting that food resources,predation patterns,intestinal flora,digestive and absorptive capacity,and feeding habits and preferences are linked to habitat adaptability.These results should facilitate our understanding of the significance of fish gut microbes to habitat adaptation and provide a new perspective for studying the adaptive mechanisms of cavefish.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(pNENs)that produce hormones leading to symptoms are classified as functional tumors,while others are classified as nonfunctional tumors.The traditional view is that funct...BACKGROUND Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(pNENs)that produce hormones leading to symptoms are classified as functional tumors,while others are classified as nonfunctional tumors.The traditional view is that functionality is a factor that affects the prognosis of pNEN patients.However,as the sample sizes of studies have increased,researches in recent years have proposed new viewpoints.AIM To assess whether functionality is an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of pNEN patients.METHODS From January 2004 to December 2016,data of patients who underwent surgery at the primary site for the treatment of pNENs from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database and West China Hospital database were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS Contemporaneous data from the two databases were analyzed separately as two cohorts and then merged as the third cohort to create a large sample that was suitable for multivariate analysis.From the SEER database,age(P=0.006)and T stage(P<0.001)were independent risk factors affecting the survival.From the West China Hospital database,independent prognostic factors were age(P=0.034),sex(P=0.032),and grade(P=0.039).The result of the cohort consisting of the combined populations from the two databases showed that race(P=0.015),age(P=0.002),sex(P=0.032)and T stage(P<0.001)were independent prognostic factors.In the West China Hospital database and in the total population,nonfunctional pNETs and other functional pNETs tended to have poorer prognoses than insulinoma.However,functionality was not associated with the survival time of patients with pNETs in the multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Functionality is not associated with prognosis.Race,age,sex,and T stage are independent factors for predicting the survival of patients with pNETs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cavernous hemangiomatosis in the liver and spleen has been reported, but it occurs less commonly in the peritoneum. Here we report a case of peritoneal cavernous hemangiomatosis and share some valuable info...BACKGROUND Cavernous hemangiomatosis in the liver and spleen has been reported, but it occurs less commonly in the peritoneum. Here we report a case of peritoneal cavernous hemangiomatosis and share some valuable information about this disease.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old Chinese man had a huge abdominal mass with abdominal distention and a significant reduction of food consumption. An enhanced abdominal and pelvic computed tomography and positron emission tomography–computed tomography revealed multiple cystic masses on the peritoneum, greater omentum, small intestinal mesentery and the surface of the spleen, and a high maximum standardized uptake value of the largest cystic lesion. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, and multiple cystic masses were found on the surface of the peritoneum, greater omentum, mesentery of the small intestine, and surface of the liver and spleen. Dark red bloody cystic fluid was present in the cystic tumor. Pathological examination showed that in the stromal components, the irregular vascular wall was thin. The vessel lumen was interlinked, and the lumen was lined with flat endothelium. According to the intraoperative findings and pathologic results, the patient was diagnosed with peritoneal cavernous hemangiomatosis.CONCLUSION The possibility of peritoneal cavernous hemangiomatosis should be considered when multiple cystic masses are found in the abdominal cavity by preoperative examination.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss,a functional cure in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)undergoing antiviral therapy,might be an ideal endpoint of antiviral treatment in clinical practice.The fact...BACKGROUND Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss,a functional cure in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)undergoing antiviral therapy,might be an ideal endpoint of antiviral treatment in clinical practice.The factors that contribute to the functional cure remain unclear,and the predictors of functional cure are worth exploring.The concentration and kinetics of soluble programmed death-1(sPD-1)in patients with CHB may play an important role in elucidating the immune response associated with functional cure after nucleos(t)ide analogs therapy.AIM To investigate the factors associated with HBsAg loss and explore the influence of sPD-1 Levels.METHODS This study analyzed the data and samples from patients with CHB who underwent antiviral treatment in a non-interventional observational study conducted at Peking University First Hospital in Beijing(between 2007 and 2019).All patients were followed up:Serum samples were collected every 3 mo during the first year of antiviral treatment and every 6 mo thereafter.Patients with positive hepatitis B e antigen levels at baseline and with available sequential samples who achieved HBsAg loss during antiviral treatment served as the case group.This case group(n=11)was further matched to 44 positive hepatitis B e anti patients without HBsAg loss as controls.The Spearman’s rank correlation test and receiver operating characteristic curves analysis were performed.RESULTS The sPD-1 Levels were higher in patients with HBsAg loss than in those without HBsAg loss from baseline to month 96,and the differences were significant between the groups at baseline(P=0.0136),months 6(P=0.0003),12(P<0.0001),24(P=0.0007),48(P<0.0001),and 96(P=0.0142).After 6 mo of antiviral treatment,the sPD-1 levels were positively correlated with alanine transaminase(ALT)levels(r=0.5103,P=0.0017),and the sPD-1 levels showed apparent correlation with ALT(r=0.6883,P=0.0192)and HBV DNA(r=0.5601,P=0.0703)levels in patients with HBsAg loss.After 12 mo of antiviral treatment,the sPD-1 levels also showed apparent correlation with ALT(r=0.8134,P=0.0042)and HBV DNA(r=0.6832,P=0.0205)levels in patients with HBsAg loss.The sPD-1 levels were negatively correlated with HBsAg levels in all patients after 12 mo of antiviral treatment,especially at 24(r=-0.356,P=0.0497)and 48(r=-0.4783,P=0.0037)mo.After 6 mo of antiviral treatment,the AUC of sPD-1 for HBsAg loss was 0.898(P=0.000),whereas that of HBsAg was 0.617(P=0.419).The cut-off value of sPD-1 was set at 2.34 log pg/mL;the sensitivity and specificity were 100%and 66.7%,respectively.CONCLUSION The sPD-1 levels at 6 mo can predict HBsAg loss after 144 mo of antiviral treatment.展开更多
Space-borne gravitational wave(GW)detectors can detect the merger of massive black holes.The early warning and localization of GW events before merging can be used to inform electromagnetic telescopes and conduct mult...Space-borne gravitational wave(GW)detectors can detect the merger of massive black holes.The early warning and localization of GW events before merging can be used to inform electromagnetic telescopes and conduct multimessenger observations.However,this requires real-time data transmission and analysis capabilities.The geocentric orbit of the space-borne GW detector Tian Qin makes it possible to conduct real-time data transmission.In this study,we develop a search and localization pipeline for massive black hole binaries(MBHBs)with Tian Qin under both regular and real-time data transmission modes.We demonstrate that,with real-time data transmission,MBHBs can be accurately localized on the fly.With the approaching merger,each analysis can be finished in only 40 min.For an MBHB system at a distance of 1 Gpc,if we receive data every hour,then we can pinpoint its location to within less than 1 deg^(2)on the final day before the merger.展开更多
Human Notum(hNotum)inhibitors could be used for treating Wnt signalling-associated diseases including colorectal cancer.Herein,two series of chalcone derivatives were designed and synthesized aiming to find selective ...Human Notum(hNotum)inhibitors could be used for treating Wnt signalling-associated diseases including colorectal cancer.Herein,two series of chalcone derivatives were designed and synthesized aiming to find selective and potent hNotum inhibitors.Structure–activity relationship(SAR)studies showed that 2-methoxyl and 5-bromine substitutions on A-ring significantly enhanced anti-hNotum effect,while 4’-ethoxyl and 3’-alkyl substitutions on B-ring were beneficial for hNotum inhibition.Among all tested chalcones,B11 displayed the most potent anti-Notum effect(IC_(50)=3.6 nmol/L),good selectivity,excellent chemical stability and suitable metabolic stability.Further investigations showed that B11 acted as a competitive inhibitor of hNotum,while this agent(5μmol/L)significantly weaken the migration abilities of colorectal cancer cells.Collectively,this study deciphers the SARs of chalcones as hNotum inhibitors and reports a novel and potent hNotum inhibitor with the anti-migration effect on colorectal cancer cells,which offers a promising lead compound to develop novel anti-cancer agents.展开更多
Background Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders.Research has highlighted a close association between the retinoic acid(RA)signaling pathway and ASD.This study investigates al...Background Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders.Research has highlighted a close association between the retinoic acid(RA)signaling pathway and ASD.This study investigates alterations in the vitamin A(VA,retinol)to RA metabolic pathway in children with ASD and speculates on the underlying reasons for these changes.We propose a subtype characterized by downregulated RA signaling in ASD,laying the groundwork for precise diagnosis and treatment research.Methods We included 489 children with ASD and 280 typically developing(TD)children.Those with ASD underwent evaluations of core symptoms and neuro-developmental levels,which were conducted by professional developmental behavior physicians using assessment scales.Serum VA and all-trans RA(atRA)levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.The expression levels and concentrations of enzyme molecules such as retinol dehydrogenase 10 were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Children with ASD exhibited reduced serum atRA,accompanied by a downregulation of atRA synthesis enzymes.The reduction in serum atRA levels was linked not only to VA levels but also to the aberrant expression of metabolic enzymes responsible for atRA.Furthermore,the serum atRA levels in children with ASD were more strongly correlated with core symptoms and neurodevelopmental levels than VA levels.Conclusion Children with ASD exhibited a dual regulation of reduced serum atRA levels,influenced by both VA levels and abnormal expression of atRA metabolic enzymes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal stricture is a prevalent condition affecting the digestive system,primarily marked by dysphagia and the obstruction of food passage through the esophagus.This narrowing of the esophageal lumen ca...BACKGROUND Esophageal stricture is a prevalent condition affecting the digestive system,primarily marked by dysphagia and the obstruction of food passage through the esophagus.This narrowing of the esophageal lumen can significantly impact a person’s ability to eat and drink comfortably,often leading to a decrease in nutritional intake and quality of life.AIM To explore the current research status and future trends of esophageal stricture through bibliometric analysis.METHODS Literature on esophageal stricture from 2004 to 2023 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.Statistical analysis was performed using Excel,VOSviewer,CiteSpace,and RStudio.This study provides data on annual production trends,countries/regions,influential authors,institutions,journals,references,and keywords.RESULTS The study included 1485 publications written by 7469 authors from 1692 institutions across 66 countries/regions,published in 417 journals.The United States,China,and Japan are the major contributors to this field,with many quality papers.Song Ho-young,Diseases of the Esophagus,Gastrointestinal Endoscopy,and Mayo Clinic are the top authors,journals,co-cited journals,and institutions,respectively.The most frequent keywords are stent,endoscopy,management,etiology,and prevention;regenerative medicine,endoscopic injection,and autologous tissue transplantation are the latest research frontiers.These keywords reflect continuous advancements in technical innovation,treatment strategies,preventive measures in the esophageal stricture research field,and a sustained focus on improving patient prognosis.In contrast,the basic sciences were underrepresented.CONCLUSION This study provides an insightful analysis of the developments in the field of esophageal stricture over the past twenty years,with stent placement is currently a hot research topic.展开更多
The Fenton-like reaction between Cu^(2+)and H_(2)O_(2)was employed in chemical mechanical polishing to achieve efficient and high-quality processing of tungsten.The microstructure evolution and material removal rate o...The Fenton-like reaction between Cu^(2+)and H_(2)O_(2)was employed in chemical mechanical polishing to achieve efficient and high-quality processing of tungsten.The microstructure evolution and material removal rate of tungsten during polishing process were investigated via scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ultraviolet−visible spectrophotometry,and electrochemical experiments.The passivation behavior and material removal mechanism were discussed.Results show that the use of mixed H_(2)O_(2)+Cu(NO_(3))_(2)oxidant can achieve higher polishing efficiency and surface quality compared with the single oxidant Cu(NO_(3))_(2)or H_(2)O_(2).The increase in material removal rate is attributed to the rapid oxidation of W into WO_(3)via the chemical reaction between the substrate and hydroxyl radicals produced by the Fenton-like reaction.In addition,material removal rate and static etch rate exhibit significantly different dependencies on the concentration of Cu(NO_(3))_(2),while the superior oxidant for achieving the balance between polishing efficiency and surface quality is 0.5 wt.%H_(2)O_(2)+1.0 wt.%Cu(NO_(3))_(2).展开更多
Background:Shenyankangfu Tablet(SYKFT)is a Chinese patent medicine that has been used widely to decrease proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease.Objective:This trial compared the efficacy and safety ...Background:Shenyankangfu Tablet(SYKFT)is a Chinese patent medicine that has been used widely to decrease proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease.Objective:This trial compared the efficacy and safety of SYKFT,for the control of proteinuria in primary glomerulonephritis patients,against the standard drug,losartan potassium.Design,setting,participants and intervention:This was a multicenter,double-blind,randomized,controlled clinical trial.Primary glomerulonephritis patients,aged 18-70 years,with blood pressure≤140/90 mmHg,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)>45 mL/min per 1.73 ㎡,and 24-hour proteinuria level of 0.5-3.0 g,were recruited in 41 hospitals across 19 provinces in China and were randomly divided into five groups:SYKFT,losartan potassium 50 mg or 100 mg,SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg or 100 mg.Main outcome measu res:The primary outcome was change in the 24-hour proteinuria level,after 48 weeks of treatment.Results:A total of 735 participants were enrolled.The percent decline of urine protein quantification in the SYKFT group after 48 weeks was 8.78%±2.56%(P=0.006)more than that in the losartan 50 mg group,which was 0.51%±2.54%(P=1.000)less than that in the losartan 100 mg group.Compared with the losartan potassium 50 mg group,the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg group had a 13.39%±2.49%(P<0.001)greater reduction in urine protein level.Compared with the losartan potassium 100 mg group,the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 100 mg group had a 9.77%±2.52%(P=0.001)greater reduction in urine protein.With a superiority threshold of 15%,neither was statistically significant.eGFR,serum creatinine and serum albumin from the baseline did not change statistically significant.The average change in TCM syndrome score between the patients who took SYKFT(-3.00[-6.00,-2.00])and who did not take SYKFT(-2.00[-5.00,0])was statistically significant(P=0.003).No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any group.Conclusion:SYKFT decreased the proteinuria and improved the TCM syndrome scores of primary glomerulonephritis patients,with no change in the rate of decrease in the eGFR.SYKFT plus losartan potassium therapy decreased proteinuria more than losartan potassium therapy alone.Trial registration number:NCT02063100 on ClinicalTrials.gov.展开更多
Our world is composed of various materials with different structures,where spin structures have been playing a pivotal role in spintronic devices of the contemporary information technology.Apart from conventional coll...Our world is composed of various materials with different structures,where spin structures have been playing a pivotal role in spintronic devices of the contemporary information technology.Apart from conventional collinear spin materials such as collinear ferromagnets and collinear antiferromagnetic ally coupled materials,noncollinear spintronic materials have emerged as hot spots of research attention due to exotic physical phenomena.In this review,we first introduce two types of noncollinear spin structures,i.e.,the chiral spin structure that yields real-space Berry phases and the coplanar noncollinear spin structure that could generate momentum-space Berry phases,and then move to relevant novel physical phenomena including topological Hall effect,anomalous Hall effect,multiferroic,Weyl fermions,spin-polarized current and spin Hall effect without spin-orbit coupling in these noncollinear spin systems.Afterward,we summarize and elaborate the electric-field control of the noncollinear spin structure and related physical effects,which could enable ultralow power spintronic devices in future.In the final outlook part,we emphasize the importance and possible routes for experimentally detecting the intriguing theoretically predicted spin-polarized current,verifying the spin Hall effect in the absence of spin-orbit coupling and exploring the anisotropic magnetoresistance and domain-wall-related magnetoresistance effects for noncollinear antiferromagnetic materials.展开更多
基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2022M723151)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition Research Program (No. 2019QZKK0704)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42172005, 41272026, 41972008, 31870200)the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB26000000)
文摘Understanding the paleoenvironment and phytogeographical history of the Tibetan Plateau,China relies on discovering new plant fossils.The Qaidam Basin has long been regarded as an ideal‘field laboratory’to investigate the paleoclimate and paleobiological evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau.However,fossil angiosperms from the Qaidam Basin are rare,and our knowledge of its paleovegetation is poor.Here,we report fossil leaves and fruits of Betulaceae found from the Oligocene Shangganchaigou Formation of northwestern Qaidam Basin(Huatugou area).Comparative morphological analysis led us to assign the fruits to the Betula subgenus Betula and the leaves to Carpinus grandis.These findings,together with other reported fossil plants from the same locality,reveal a close floristic linkage between the Qaidam Basin and Europe during the Oligocene.The northern pathway of this floristic exchange may have crossed through the Qaidam Basin during the late Paleogene.This floristic linkage may have been facilitated by the continuous narrowing of the Turgai Strait and stronger westerlies,which transported moisture and provided favorable climatic conditions.Indeed,fossil plants collected from the Qaidam Basin suggest that during the Oligocene this region had warm and humid deciduous broad-leaf forest,which differs from the region’s modern vegetation and indicates that the Qaidam Basin may have been a suitable region for these plants to flourish and spread during the Oligocene.
文摘BACKGROUND This case of gestational gingival tumor is huge and extremely rare in clinical practice.As the growth location of this gingival tumor is in the upper anterior tooth area,it seriously affects the pregnant woman's speech and food,causing great pain to the patient.The use of Nd:YGA water mist laser to remove the gingival tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding,minimal adverse reactions,and good postoperative healing,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.CASE SUMMARY The patient,a pregnant woman,reported a large lump in her mouth on the first day of postpartum treatment.Based on medical history and clinical examination,the diagnosis was diagnosed as gestational gingival tumor.Postoperative pathological biopsy also confirmed this diagnosis.The use of Nd:YAG water mist laser to remove the tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding,clear surgical field of view,short surgical time,and good postoperative healing.CONCLUSION In comparison to traditional surgery,Nd:YAG water mist laser surgery is minimally invasive,minimizes cell damage,reduces bleeding,ensures a clear field of vision,and virtually eliminates postoperative edema,carbonization,and the risk of cross infection.It has unique advantages in oral soft tissue surgery for pregnant patients.Therefore,the clinical application of Nd:YAG water mist laser for the treatment of gestational gingival tumors is an ideal choice.
基金Supported by National High-Tech R and D Program of China(863 Program),No.2015AA0336021351 Personnel Training Program of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University,No.CYXZ-2017-09
文摘We herein report a rare case of ileal bronchogenic cyst that was found in a 39-year-old Chinese man. He had no symptoms and the physical examination was normal. Tumor markers were within the normal range. Abdominopelvic enhanced computed tomography showed a mass in the lower abdominal cavity and the tumor had a complete capsule. Diagnostic laparoscopy was then performed, which showed that a spheroid mass with a complete capsule was located at the antimesenteric border of the distal ileum 20 cm from the ileocecal valve, measuring 6.0 cm × 6.0 cm × 5.0 cm. Considering that the malignancy of the tumor cannot be ruled out, and there is a risk of rupture during laparoscopic surgery, the patient was conver-ted to an open surgery. Partial resection of the ileum with the tumor was performed, followed by a side-to-side anastomosis. The tumor was gray-red in color,filled with grayish yellow mucus and had no septum. The postoperative pathology revealed that the cystic wall was lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium without cellular atypia. The wall consisted of bronchial mucous glands and smooth muscle fbers, and no abnormalities were found in adjacent ileumtissues. Thus, a diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst of the ileum was made.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program“Additive Manufacturing and Laser Manufacturing”(No.2016YFB1100101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51735005)+3 种基金the Basic Strengthening Program of Science and Technology(No.2019-JCJQ-JJ-331)the 5th Jiangsu Province 333 High Level Talents Training Project,China(No.BRA2019048)the 15th Batch of“Six Talents Peaks”Innovative Talents Team Program“Laser Precise Additive Manufacturing of Structure-Performance Integrated Lightweight Alloy Components”(No.TD-GDZB-001)and the 2017 Excellent Scientific and Technological Innovation Teams of Universities in Jiangsu“Laser Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Metallic Components”funded by Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education of China(No.51921003).Konrad Kosiba acknowledges the support from DFG under Grant No.KO 5771/1-1.
文摘Steel matrix composites(SMCs)reinforced with WC particles were fabricated via selective laser melting(SLM)by employing various laser scan strategies.A detailed relationship between the SLM strategies,defect formation,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of SMCs was established.The laser scan strategies can be manipulated to deliberately alter the thermal history of SMC during SLM processing.Particularly,the involved thermal cycling,which encompassed multiple layers,strongly affected the processing quality of SMCs.Sshaped scan sequence combined with interlayer offset and orthogonal stagger mode can effectively eliminate the metallurgical defects and retained austenite within the produced SMCs.However,due to large thermal stress,microcracks that were perpendicular to the building direction formed within the SMCs.By employing the checkerboard filling(CBF)hatching mode,the thermal stress arising during SLM can be significantly reduced,thus preventing the evolution of interlayer microcracks.The compressive properties of fabricated SMCs can be tailored at a high compressive strength(~3031.5 MPa)and fracture strain(~24.8%)by adopting the CBF hatching mode combined with the optimized scan sequence and stagger mode.This study demonstrates great feasibility in tuning the mechanical properties of SLM-fabricated SMCs without varying the set energy input,e.g.,laser power and scanning speed.
文摘BACKGROUND Most small intestinal lipomas are treated surgically,and some require repeated surgeries for multiple lipomas.However,application of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)technology in the deep small intestine is rarely reported owing to the special anatomical structure of the small intestine,medical equipment limitations,and the lack of relevant experience among endoscopists.CASE SUMMARY Two patients with small intestinal lipomas treated at the Air Force Medical Center from November 2015 to September 2019 were selected to undergo balloonassisted ESD to treat the lipomas and explore the technical feasibility and safety of ESD for treating small intestinal lipomas.The two patients successfully underwent balloon-assisted ESD to treat four small intestinal lipomas,with a complete resection rate of 100%(4/4),without intraoperative or postoperative bleeding,perforation,or other complications.After 3-6 mo of postoperative follow-up,the clinical symptoms caused by the lipomas were significantly relieved or disappeared after treatment.CONCLUSION Balloon-assisted ESD is a safe and reliable new method for treating deep intestinal lipomas and shows good clinical feasibility.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82173437and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2020A15150875.
文摘BACKGROUND We report on a case of Vibrio vulnificus(V.vulnificus)detected by metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS)in a 53-year-old male patient with polymicrobial gas gangrene and successful treatment by surgery.This report raises awareness among dermatologists that when a patient is clinically suspected of a special type of pathogenic infection,the mNGS method should be preferred to identify the patient’s pathogen infection as soon as possible and then take effective treatment in time to save patients’lives.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male who worked in the aquatic market complained of redness and swelling of the lower limbs,blisters and ulcers with fever for 3 d.We used mNGS to test the pathogens in ulcer secretions.The results were returned in 24 h and indicated:V.vulnificus,Fusobacterium necrophorum,Staphylococcus haemolyticus,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Klebsiella aerogenes.This patient was diagnosed with V.vulnificus infection.The emergency operation was performed immediately under combined lumbar and epidural anesthesia:Left leg expansion and exploration(August 10,2021).After surgery,we continued to use piperacillin sodium tazobactam sodium 4.5 g every 8 h and levofloxacin 0.5 g for anti-infection treatment.The patient underwent further surgery under lumbar anesthesia on August 17,2021 and August 31,2021:Left leg deactivation and skin grafting,negative pressure closed drainage and right thigh skin removal.After treatment,the transplanted flap survived.CONCLUSION We could confirm the diagnosis of Vibrio vulnificus infection within 24 h through mNGS detection and then immediately performed emergency surgery.
基金Supported by the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,No.ZY2017302 1-3-5the Key Research and Development Projects of Sichuan Province,No.2017SZ0132 and No.2019YFS0042
文摘BACKGROUND The 8^th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)staging system for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)excludes extrapancreatic extension from the assessment of T stage and restages tumors with mesenterico-portal vein(MPV)invasion into T1-3 diseases according to tumor size.However,MPV invasion is believed to be correlated with a poor prognosis.AIM To analyze whether the inclusion of MPV invasion can further improve the 8th edition of the AJCC staging system for PDAC.METHODS This study retrospectively included 8th edition AJCC T1-3N0-2M0 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy/total pancreatectomy from two cohorts and analyzed survival outcomes.In the first cohort,a total of 7539 patients in the surveillance,epidemiology,and end results database was included,and in the second cohort,689 patients from the West China Hospital database were enrolled.RESULTS Cox regression analysis showed that MPV invasion is an independent prognostic factor in both databases.In the MPV-group,all pairwise comparisons between the survival functions of patients with different stages were significant except for the comparison between patients with stage IIA and those with stage IIB.However,in the MPV+group,pairwise comparisons between the survival functions of patients with stage IA,stage IB,stage IIA,stage IIB,and stage III were not significant.T1-3N0 patients in the MPV+group were compared with the T1N0,T2N0,and T3N0 subgroups of the MPV-group;only the survival of MPV-T3N0 and MPV+T1-3N0 patients had no significant difference.Further comparisons of patients with stage IIA and subgroups of stage IIB showed(1)no significant difference between the survival of T2N1 and T3N0 patients;(2)a longer survival of T1N1 patients that was shorter than the survival of T2N0 patients;and(3)and a shorter survival of T3N1 patients that was similar to that of T1-3N2 patients.CONCLUSION The modified 8th edition of the AJCC staging system for PDAC proposed in this study,which includes the factor of MPV invasion,provides improvements in predicting prognosis,especially in MPV+patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260310,31560111)Top Young Talents Program of the Ten-Thousand Plan of Yunnan Province(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-024)Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Education Department,China(2020Y0014)。
文摘Intestinal microbes are closely related to vital host functions such as digestion and nutrient absorption,which play important roles in enhancing host adaptability.As a natural“laboratory”,caves provide an outstanding model for understanding the significance of gut microbes and feeding habits in the habitat adaptability of hosts.However,research on the relationship between gut microbes,feeding habits,and the adaptability of troglobites remains insufficient.In this study,we compared the characteristics of the intestinal microbes of Sinocyclocheilus cavefish and surface fish and further established the relationship between intestinal and habitat microbes.Furthermore,we conducted environmental DNA(eDNA)(metabarcoding)analysis of environmental samples to clarify the composition of potential food resources in the habitats of the Sinocyclocheilus cavefish and surface fish.Results showed that the structure of the Sinocyclocheilus gut microbes was more related to ecological type(habitat type)than phylogenetic relationships.While horizontal transfer of habitat microbes was a source of gut microbes,hosts also showed strong selection for inherent microbes as dominant microorganisms.Differences in the composition and structure of gut microbes,especially dominant microbes,may enhance the adaptability of the two Sinocyclocheilus fish types from the perspectives of food intake,nutrient utilization,and harmful substance metabolism,suggesting that food resources,predation patterns,intestinal flora,digestive and absorptive capacity,and feeding habits and preferences are linked to habitat adaptability.These results should facilitate our understanding of the significance of fish gut microbes to habitat adaptation and provide a new perspective for studying the adaptive mechanisms of cavefish.
基金Supported by 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,China,No.ZY20173021-3-5the Key Research and Development Projects of Sichuan Province,China,No.2017SZ0132 and No.2019YFS0042.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(pNENs)that produce hormones leading to symptoms are classified as functional tumors,while others are classified as nonfunctional tumors.The traditional view is that functionality is a factor that affects the prognosis of pNEN patients.However,as the sample sizes of studies have increased,researches in recent years have proposed new viewpoints.AIM To assess whether functionality is an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of pNEN patients.METHODS From January 2004 to December 2016,data of patients who underwent surgery at the primary site for the treatment of pNENs from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database and West China Hospital database were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS Contemporaneous data from the two databases were analyzed separately as two cohorts and then merged as the third cohort to create a large sample that was suitable for multivariate analysis.From the SEER database,age(P=0.006)and T stage(P<0.001)were independent risk factors affecting the survival.From the West China Hospital database,independent prognostic factors were age(P=0.034),sex(P=0.032),and grade(P=0.039).The result of the cohort consisting of the combined populations from the two databases showed that race(P=0.015),age(P=0.002),sex(P=0.032)and T stage(P<0.001)were independent prognostic factors.In the West China Hospital database and in the total population,nonfunctional pNETs and other functional pNETs tended to have poorer prognoses than insulinoma.However,functionality was not associated with the survival time of patients with pNETs in the multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Functionality is not associated with prognosis.Race,age,sex,and T stage are independent factors for predicting the survival of patients with pNETs.
基金National High-Tech R and D Program of China(863Program),No.2015AA0336021351 Personnel Training Program of Beijing Chao-yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University,No.CYXZ-2017-09
文摘BACKGROUND Cavernous hemangiomatosis in the liver and spleen has been reported, but it occurs less commonly in the peritoneum. Here we report a case of peritoneal cavernous hemangiomatosis and share some valuable information about this disease.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old Chinese man had a huge abdominal mass with abdominal distention and a significant reduction of food consumption. An enhanced abdominal and pelvic computed tomography and positron emission tomography–computed tomography revealed multiple cystic masses on the peritoneum, greater omentum, small intestinal mesentery and the surface of the spleen, and a high maximum standardized uptake value of the largest cystic lesion. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, and multiple cystic masses were found on the surface of the peritoneum, greater omentum, mesentery of the small intestine, and surface of the liver and spleen. Dark red bloody cystic fluid was present in the cystic tumor. Pathological examination showed that in the stromal components, the irregular vascular wall was thin. The vessel lumen was interlinked, and the lumen was lined with flat endothelium. According to the intraoperative findings and pathologic results, the patient was diagnosed with peritoneal cavernous hemangiomatosis.CONCLUSION The possibility of peritoneal cavernous hemangiomatosis should be considered when multiple cystic masses are found in the abdominal cavity by preoperative examination.
基金Supported by The 13^(th)Five-Year Plan of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China,No.2017ZX10302201-004-009,and No.2017ZX10203202-003Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission of Major Projects,No.D161100002716002,and No.D161100002716003.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss,a functional cure in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)undergoing antiviral therapy,might be an ideal endpoint of antiviral treatment in clinical practice.The factors that contribute to the functional cure remain unclear,and the predictors of functional cure are worth exploring.The concentration and kinetics of soluble programmed death-1(sPD-1)in patients with CHB may play an important role in elucidating the immune response associated with functional cure after nucleos(t)ide analogs therapy.AIM To investigate the factors associated with HBsAg loss and explore the influence of sPD-1 Levels.METHODS This study analyzed the data and samples from patients with CHB who underwent antiviral treatment in a non-interventional observational study conducted at Peking University First Hospital in Beijing(between 2007 and 2019).All patients were followed up:Serum samples were collected every 3 mo during the first year of antiviral treatment and every 6 mo thereafter.Patients with positive hepatitis B e antigen levels at baseline and with available sequential samples who achieved HBsAg loss during antiviral treatment served as the case group.This case group(n=11)was further matched to 44 positive hepatitis B e anti patients without HBsAg loss as controls.The Spearman’s rank correlation test and receiver operating characteristic curves analysis were performed.RESULTS The sPD-1 Levels were higher in patients with HBsAg loss than in those without HBsAg loss from baseline to month 96,and the differences were significant between the groups at baseline(P=0.0136),months 6(P=0.0003),12(P<0.0001),24(P=0.0007),48(P<0.0001),and 96(P=0.0142).After 6 mo of antiviral treatment,the sPD-1 levels were positively correlated with alanine transaminase(ALT)levels(r=0.5103,P=0.0017),and the sPD-1 levels showed apparent correlation with ALT(r=0.6883,P=0.0192)and HBV DNA(r=0.5601,P=0.0703)levels in patients with HBsAg loss.After 12 mo of antiviral treatment,the sPD-1 levels also showed apparent correlation with ALT(r=0.8134,P=0.0042)and HBV DNA(r=0.6832,P=0.0205)levels in patients with HBsAg loss.The sPD-1 levels were negatively correlated with HBsAg levels in all patients after 12 mo of antiviral treatment,especially at 24(r=-0.356,P=0.0497)and 48(r=-0.4783,P=0.0037)mo.After 6 mo of antiviral treatment,the AUC of sPD-1 for HBsAg loss was 0.898(P=0.000),whereas that of HBsAg was 0.617(P=0.419).The cut-off value of sPD-1 was set at 2.34 log pg/mL;the sensitivity and specificity were 100%and 66.7%,respectively.CONCLUSION The sPD-1 levels at 6 mo can predict HBsAg loss after 144 mo of antiviral treatment.
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2019B030302001)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12173104,and 12261131504)。
文摘Space-borne gravitational wave(GW)detectors can detect the merger of massive black holes.The early warning and localization of GW events before merging can be used to inform electromagnetic telescopes and conduct multimessenger observations.However,this requires real-time data transmission and analysis capabilities.The geocentric orbit of the space-borne GW detector Tian Qin makes it possible to conduct real-time data transmission.In this study,we develop a search and localization pipeline for massive black hole binaries(MBHBs)with Tian Qin under both regular and real-time data transmission modes.We demonstrate that,with real-time data transmission,MBHBs can be accurately localized on the fly.With the approaching merger,each analysis can be finished in only 40 min.For an MBHB system at a distance of 1 Gpc,if we receive data every hour,then we can pinpoint its location to within less than 1 deg^(2)on the final day before the merger.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82104281,81922070,81973286,81801818 and 82273897)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission’s TCM research project(No.2022CX005)+1 种基金Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYCXTD-D-202004)Three-year Action Plan for Shanghai TCM Development and Inheritance Program[No.ZY(2021–2023)-0401]。
文摘Human Notum(hNotum)inhibitors could be used for treating Wnt signalling-associated diseases including colorectal cancer.Herein,two series of chalcone derivatives were designed and synthesized aiming to find selective and potent hNotum inhibitors.Structure–activity relationship(SAR)studies showed that 2-methoxyl and 5-bromine substitutions on A-ring significantly enhanced anti-hNotum effect,while 4’-ethoxyl and 3’-alkyl substitutions on B-ring were beneficial for hNotum inhibition.Among all tested chalcones,B11 displayed the most potent anti-Notum effect(IC_(50)=3.6 nmol/L),good selectivity,excellent chemical stability and suitable metabolic stability.Further investigations showed that B11 acted as a competitive inhibitor of hNotum,while this agent(5μmol/L)significantly weaken the migration abilities of colorectal cancer cells.Collectively,this study deciphers the SARs of chalcones as hNotum inhibitors and reports a novel and potent hNotum inhibitor with the anti-migration effect on colorectal cancer cells,which offers a promising lead compound to develop novel anti-cancer agents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81771223 to TYL,No.82372559 to JC and No.82304119 to TY)the Chief Medical Expert Studio of Chongqing[No.YWBF(2018)263 to TYL]+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730448 to TY)the Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-BHX0155).
文摘Background Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders.Research has highlighted a close association between the retinoic acid(RA)signaling pathway and ASD.This study investigates alterations in the vitamin A(VA,retinol)to RA metabolic pathway in children with ASD and speculates on the underlying reasons for these changes.We propose a subtype characterized by downregulated RA signaling in ASD,laying the groundwork for precise diagnosis and treatment research.Methods We included 489 children with ASD and 280 typically developing(TD)children.Those with ASD underwent evaluations of core symptoms and neuro-developmental levels,which were conducted by professional developmental behavior physicians using assessment scales.Serum VA and all-trans RA(atRA)levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.The expression levels and concentrations of enzyme molecules such as retinol dehydrogenase 10 were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Children with ASD exhibited reduced serum atRA,accompanied by a downregulation of atRA synthesis enzymes.The reduction in serum atRA levels was linked not only to VA levels but also to the aberrant expression of metabolic enzymes responsible for atRA.Furthermore,the serum atRA levels in children with ASD were more strongly correlated with core symptoms and neurodevelopmental levels than VA levels.Conclusion Children with ASD exhibited a dual regulation of reduced serum atRA levels,influenced by both VA levels and abnormal expression of atRA metabolic enzymes.
基金Supported by Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project,No.Z221100007422061the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,General Project,No.2018SF-159.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal stricture is a prevalent condition affecting the digestive system,primarily marked by dysphagia and the obstruction of food passage through the esophagus.This narrowing of the esophageal lumen can significantly impact a person’s ability to eat and drink comfortably,often leading to a decrease in nutritional intake and quality of life.AIM To explore the current research status and future trends of esophageal stricture through bibliometric analysis.METHODS Literature on esophageal stricture from 2004 to 2023 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.Statistical analysis was performed using Excel,VOSviewer,CiteSpace,and RStudio.This study provides data on annual production trends,countries/regions,influential authors,institutions,journals,references,and keywords.RESULTS The study included 1485 publications written by 7469 authors from 1692 institutions across 66 countries/regions,published in 417 journals.The United States,China,and Japan are the major contributors to this field,with many quality papers.Song Ho-young,Diseases of the Esophagus,Gastrointestinal Endoscopy,and Mayo Clinic are the top authors,journals,co-cited journals,and institutions,respectively.The most frequent keywords are stent,endoscopy,management,etiology,and prevention;regenerative medicine,endoscopic injection,and autologous tissue transplantation are the latest research frontiers.These keywords reflect continuous advancements in technical innovation,treatment strategies,preventive measures in the esophageal stricture research field,and a sustained focus on improving patient prognosis.In contrast,the basic sciences were underrepresented.CONCLUSION This study provides an insightful analysis of the developments in the field of esophageal stricture over the past twenty years,with stent placement is currently a hot research topic.
文摘The Fenton-like reaction between Cu^(2+)and H_(2)O_(2)was employed in chemical mechanical polishing to achieve efficient and high-quality processing of tungsten.The microstructure evolution and material removal rate of tungsten during polishing process were investigated via scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ultraviolet−visible spectrophotometry,and electrochemical experiments.The passivation behavior and material removal mechanism were discussed.Results show that the use of mixed H_(2)O_(2)+Cu(NO_(3))_(2)oxidant can achieve higher polishing efficiency and surface quality compared with the single oxidant Cu(NO_(3))_(2)or H_(2)O_(2).The increase in material removal rate is attributed to the rapid oxidation of W into WO_(3)via the chemical reaction between the substrate and hydroxyl radicals produced by the Fenton-like reaction.In addition,material removal rate and static etch rate exhibit significantly different dependencies on the concentration of Cu(NO_(3))_(2),while the superior oxidant for achieving the balance between polishing efficiency and surface quality is 0.5 wt.%H_(2)O_(2)+1.0 wt.%Cu(NO_(3))_(2).
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(No.2014ZX09201021)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission Major Projects(No.D181100000118002)。
文摘Background:Shenyankangfu Tablet(SYKFT)is a Chinese patent medicine that has been used widely to decrease proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease.Objective:This trial compared the efficacy and safety of SYKFT,for the control of proteinuria in primary glomerulonephritis patients,against the standard drug,losartan potassium.Design,setting,participants and intervention:This was a multicenter,double-blind,randomized,controlled clinical trial.Primary glomerulonephritis patients,aged 18-70 years,with blood pressure≤140/90 mmHg,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)>45 mL/min per 1.73 ㎡,and 24-hour proteinuria level of 0.5-3.0 g,were recruited in 41 hospitals across 19 provinces in China and were randomly divided into five groups:SYKFT,losartan potassium 50 mg or 100 mg,SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg or 100 mg.Main outcome measu res:The primary outcome was change in the 24-hour proteinuria level,after 48 weeks of treatment.Results:A total of 735 participants were enrolled.The percent decline of urine protein quantification in the SYKFT group after 48 weeks was 8.78%±2.56%(P=0.006)more than that in the losartan 50 mg group,which was 0.51%±2.54%(P=1.000)less than that in the losartan 100 mg group.Compared with the losartan potassium 50 mg group,the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg group had a 13.39%±2.49%(P<0.001)greater reduction in urine protein level.Compared with the losartan potassium 100 mg group,the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 100 mg group had a 9.77%±2.52%(P=0.001)greater reduction in urine protein.With a superiority threshold of 15%,neither was statistically significant.eGFR,serum creatinine and serum albumin from the baseline did not change statistically significant.The average change in TCM syndrome score between the patients who took SYKFT(-3.00[-6.00,-2.00])and who did not take SYKFT(-2.00[-5.00,0])was statistically significant(P=0.003).No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any group.Conclusion:SYKFT decreased the proteinuria and improved the TCM syndrome scores of primary glomerulonephritis patients,with no change in the rate of decrease in the eGFR.SYKFT plus losartan potassium therapy decreased proteinuria more than losartan potassium therapy alone.Trial registration number:NCT02063100 on ClinicalTrials.gov.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51822101,51861135104,51771009 and 11704018).
文摘Our world is composed of various materials with different structures,where spin structures have been playing a pivotal role in spintronic devices of the contemporary information technology.Apart from conventional collinear spin materials such as collinear ferromagnets and collinear antiferromagnetic ally coupled materials,noncollinear spintronic materials have emerged as hot spots of research attention due to exotic physical phenomena.In this review,we first introduce two types of noncollinear spin structures,i.e.,the chiral spin structure that yields real-space Berry phases and the coplanar noncollinear spin structure that could generate momentum-space Berry phases,and then move to relevant novel physical phenomena including topological Hall effect,anomalous Hall effect,multiferroic,Weyl fermions,spin-polarized current and spin Hall effect without spin-orbit coupling in these noncollinear spin systems.Afterward,we summarize and elaborate the electric-field control of the noncollinear spin structure and related physical effects,which could enable ultralow power spintronic devices in future.In the final outlook part,we emphasize the importance and possible routes for experimentally detecting the intriguing theoretically predicted spin-polarized current,verifying the spin Hall effect in the absence of spin-orbit coupling and exploring the anisotropic magnetoresistance and domain-wall-related magnetoresistance effects for noncollinear antiferromagnetic materials.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51735005)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB1100101)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology of China(No.BE2016181)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China
