Appropriate oral hygiene significantly reduces the possibility of oral infections.However,dental caries and periodontal diseases are major oral health issues causing chronic diseases due to poor oral health.Recently,h...Appropriate oral hygiene significantly reduces the possibility of oral infections.However,dental caries and periodontal diseases are major oral health issues causing chronic diseases due to poor oral health.Recently,herbal compounds have gained interest in maintaining oral health.Extracts of burdock root(Arctium),noni fruit(Morinda citrifolia),and neem leaf(Azadirachta indica)are now used as intracanal medicaments in endodontics and periodontics.Plectranthus amboinicus species and other plants produces essential oil likeβ-caryophyllene,p-cymene,andγ-terpinene can exhibit antibacterial activity;highlighting phytoconstituents plays a vital role in oral health.The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of hygiene and sanitization,to curb SARS-CoV-2.Oral cavity is among the gateways for virus entry into saliva.Saliva is a potential reservoir of SARS-CoV-2,and there is an increased risk of infection if there is any fissure in the mouth.This enables entry of virus into the vascular system through gingival or periodontal pocket,possibly reaching lung periphery then to lung vessels by interacting with endothelial surface receptors triggering pulmonary vasoconstriction and lung damage due to endothelial dysfunction.This review aims to draw attention to the possible route of SARS-CoV-2 infection via the oral cavity and the importance of oral hygiene against COVID-19.展开更多
Discovering potent drug candidates requires new antimalarial targets.For this reason,antimalarial drug researchers focus on developing new drug candidates on promising targets.In the identification of these targets,a ...Discovering potent drug candidates requires new antimalarial targets.For this reason,antimalarial drug researchers focus on developing new drug candidates on promising targets.In the identification of these targets,a basic understanding of the metabolism and biochemical processes of malaria parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum can prove invaluable.However,malarial resistant parasites are becoming more and more significant issues as antimalarial medications progress.Antimalarial drugs are becoming increasingly resistant,thus the search for new molecules is very important task.Artemisinin based combination therapies are becoming more popular for treating malaria.This will ultimately lead to the selection of resistance due to their extensive and indiscriminate deployment.Alternative artemisinin-based combination therapies are therefore required.There is an interest in finding suitable antimalarial compounds based on their potential effectiveness against malaria.The potential activity of 1,3,4 oxadiazole analogues against malarial infections is a major draw of the search for suitable antimalarial compounds.This review identifies existing antimalarial drugs that have own therapeutic effects and evaluating their feasibility for developing novel synthetic antimalarial derivatives.展开更多
Malakoplakia is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease usually affecting the urogenital tract and often associated with the infection due to?E. coli. It is characterised by the presence of Von Hansemann cells and in...Malakoplakia is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease usually affecting the urogenital tract and often associated with the infection due to?E. coli. It is characterised by the presence of Von Hansemann cells and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies called Michaelis-Gutmann Bodies. Testes are affected in 12% cases. The lesion mainly occurs in middle aged men, appearing clinically as epididymo-orchitis or testicular enlargement with fibrous consistency and some soft areas. Orchidectomy is the only way to differentiate the lesion from other malignant or infected processes. This is a case report of a young patient with testicular malakoplakia.展开更多
Background:Alzheimer’s disease affects millions of people worldwide,and one of its major characteristics is the accumulation of extracellular Aβpeptides in the human brain,leading to neuronal death and resulting in ...Background:Alzheimer’s disease affects millions of people worldwide,and one of its major characteristics is the accumulation of extracellular Aβpeptides in the human brain,leading to neuronal death and resulting in memory deficits,disorientation,and inappropriate behaviour.Objective and Methodology:This review study aims to develop new molecular targets for major depression-associated cognitive dysfunction and determine the mechanisms of action of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based drug candidates.It encourages scientists to develop and synthesize drugs with low side effects to treat Alzheimer’s disease.Furthermore,the drug has shown significant improvement in memory function among dementia patients,which is due to the increased production of acetylcholine in the brain.These derivatives show a high affinity to amyloid plaques,which are thought to cause cognitive damage in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.This review study emphasizes newly developed inhibitors of amyloid deposition using the enzymeα-secretase,which cleaves amyloid precursor protein into smaller fragments that are toxic to neurons.1,3,4-Oxadiazole compounds have demonstrated no significant toxicity to the central nervous system.The antioxidant properties of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles can reduce free radicals,which play an active role in cell damage and disease.Conclusion:This review aims to provide readers with an overview of the current state of knowledge about oxadiazole-related drugs,emphasizing their biological importance.Key aspects related to the discovery and development of these drug candidates are discussed in detail,including information on their structure,biological activity,chemistry,and pharmacological properties.In addition,different derivatives discovered for Alzheimer’s disease to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of oxadiazole drugs have been comprehensively discussed in this review.展开更多
Currently,cancer is the most rapidly growing life-threatening disease after cardiovascular in the world,posing a major threat to human life.Telomerase promotes tumorigenesis and development in most cancers and dyskeri...Currently,cancer is the most rapidly growing life-threatening disease after cardiovascular in the world,posing a major threat to human life.Telomerase promotes tumorigenesis and development in most cancers and dyskerin plays a crucial role in telomere maintenance.Cancer molecules are being developed continuously as a result of continuous research.A series of novel anticancer agents have been developed using telomerase inhibitors with improved specificity and pharmacokinetics.As medicinal chemistry advances,heterocyclic-based drugs find increasing applications,including anticancer agents.These properties have led to the development of five-membered aromatic rings of oxadiazoles.In order to enhance their anticancer activity,oxadiazole scaffolds can be modified.In this review,we discuss the functions and mechanism of action of the telomerase enzyme.The paper also summarizes the interaction between 1,3,4-oxadiazole inhibitors and telomerase enzymes.展开更多
文摘Appropriate oral hygiene significantly reduces the possibility of oral infections.However,dental caries and periodontal diseases are major oral health issues causing chronic diseases due to poor oral health.Recently,herbal compounds have gained interest in maintaining oral health.Extracts of burdock root(Arctium),noni fruit(Morinda citrifolia),and neem leaf(Azadirachta indica)are now used as intracanal medicaments in endodontics and periodontics.Plectranthus amboinicus species and other plants produces essential oil likeβ-caryophyllene,p-cymene,andγ-terpinene can exhibit antibacterial activity;highlighting phytoconstituents plays a vital role in oral health.The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of hygiene and sanitization,to curb SARS-CoV-2.Oral cavity is among the gateways for virus entry into saliva.Saliva is a potential reservoir of SARS-CoV-2,and there is an increased risk of infection if there is any fissure in the mouth.This enables entry of virus into the vascular system through gingival or periodontal pocket,possibly reaching lung periphery then to lung vessels by interacting with endothelial surface receptors triggering pulmonary vasoconstriction and lung damage due to endothelial dysfunction.This review aims to draw attention to the possible route of SARS-CoV-2 infection via the oral cavity and the importance of oral hygiene against COVID-19.
文摘Discovering potent drug candidates requires new antimalarial targets.For this reason,antimalarial drug researchers focus on developing new drug candidates on promising targets.In the identification of these targets,a basic understanding of the metabolism and biochemical processes of malaria parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum can prove invaluable.However,malarial resistant parasites are becoming more and more significant issues as antimalarial medications progress.Antimalarial drugs are becoming increasingly resistant,thus the search for new molecules is very important task.Artemisinin based combination therapies are becoming more popular for treating malaria.This will ultimately lead to the selection of resistance due to their extensive and indiscriminate deployment.Alternative artemisinin-based combination therapies are therefore required.There is an interest in finding suitable antimalarial compounds based on their potential effectiveness against malaria.The potential activity of 1,3,4 oxadiazole analogues against malarial infections is a major draw of the search for suitable antimalarial compounds.This review identifies existing antimalarial drugs that have own therapeutic effects and evaluating their feasibility for developing novel synthetic antimalarial derivatives.
文摘Malakoplakia is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease usually affecting the urogenital tract and often associated with the infection due to?E. coli. It is characterised by the presence of Von Hansemann cells and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies called Michaelis-Gutmann Bodies. Testes are affected in 12% cases. The lesion mainly occurs in middle aged men, appearing clinically as epididymo-orchitis or testicular enlargement with fibrous consistency and some soft areas. Orchidectomy is the only way to differentiate the lesion from other malignant or infected processes. This is a case report of a young patient with testicular malakoplakia.
文摘Background:Alzheimer’s disease affects millions of people worldwide,and one of its major characteristics is the accumulation of extracellular Aβpeptides in the human brain,leading to neuronal death and resulting in memory deficits,disorientation,and inappropriate behaviour.Objective and Methodology:This review study aims to develop new molecular targets for major depression-associated cognitive dysfunction and determine the mechanisms of action of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based drug candidates.It encourages scientists to develop and synthesize drugs with low side effects to treat Alzheimer’s disease.Furthermore,the drug has shown significant improvement in memory function among dementia patients,which is due to the increased production of acetylcholine in the brain.These derivatives show a high affinity to amyloid plaques,which are thought to cause cognitive damage in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.This review study emphasizes newly developed inhibitors of amyloid deposition using the enzymeα-secretase,which cleaves amyloid precursor protein into smaller fragments that are toxic to neurons.1,3,4-Oxadiazole compounds have demonstrated no significant toxicity to the central nervous system.The antioxidant properties of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles can reduce free radicals,which play an active role in cell damage and disease.Conclusion:This review aims to provide readers with an overview of the current state of knowledge about oxadiazole-related drugs,emphasizing their biological importance.Key aspects related to the discovery and development of these drug candidates are discussed in detail,including information on their structure,biological activity,chemistry,and pharmacological properties.In addition,different derivatives discovered for Alzheimer’s disease to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of oxadiazole drugs have been comprehensively discussed in this review.
文摘Currently,cancer is the most rapidly growing life-threatening disease after cardiovascular in the world,posing a major threat to human life.Telomerase promotes tumorigenesis and development in most cancers and dyskerin plays a crucial role in telomere maintenance.Cancer molecules are being developed continuously as a result of continuous research.A series of novel anticancer agents have been developed using telomerase inhibitors with improved specificity and pharmacokinetics.As medicinal chemistry advances,heterocyclic-based drugs find increasing applications,including anticancer agents.These properties have led to the development of five-membered aromatic rings of oxadiazoles.In order to enhance their anticancer activity,oxadiazole scaffolds can be modified.In this review,we discuss the functions and mechanism of action of the telomerase enzyme.The paper also summarizes the interaction between 1,3,4-oxadiazole inhibitors and telomerase enzymes.
