Beneficiation of Malaysian iron ore is becoming necessary as iron resources are depleting. However, the upgrading process is challenging because of the weak magnetic properties of Malaysian iron ore. In this study, bi...Beneficiation of Malaysian iron ore is becoming necessary as iron resources are depleting. However, the upgrading process is challenging because of the weak magnetic properties of Malaysian iron ore. In this study, bio-char derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch （EFB） was utilized as an energy source for reduction roasting. Mixtures of Malaysian iron ore and the bio-char were pressed into briquettes and subjected to reduction roasting processes at 873-1173 K. The extent of reduction was estimated on the basis of mass loss, and the mag-netization of samples was measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）. When reduced at 873 K, the original goethite-rich ore was converted into hematite. An increase in temperature to 1073 K caused a significant conversion of hematite into magnetite and enhanced the magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization of samples. The magnetic properties diminished at 1173 K as the iron ore was par-tially reduced to wustite. This reduction roasting by using the bio-char can assist in upgrading the iron ore by improving its magnetic proper-ties展开更多
Population growth,waste generation,and massive waste mismanagement have led to environmental catastrophe.Management of municipal solid waste(MSW)requires an efficient and sustainable integrated system.The integrated t...Population growth,waste generation,and massive waste mismanagement have led to environmental catastrophe.Management of municipal solid waste(MSW)requires an efficient and sustainable integrated system.The integrated thermal processing of MSW is one of the best waste management techniques.In this study,energy analysis of MSW is carried out based on the material and energy balance of 2000 kg wet MSW,which contains 50%leachate.Once the leachate is removed,the dry MSW is sent for carbon content enhancement in carbonization to produce MSW-based char.Thereafter,the combustion of MSW-based char provided high heat and syngas to be used in a hydrothermal process for MSW leachate treatment.The result shows that the char fuel of MSW produces a sufficient amount of energy,13501.29 MJ(84.55%),in the form of synthetic gas by-product,which has a big potential as an energy source.The novelty of the proposed integrated thermal system is to produce 84.55%synthetic gas by-product,which is used for electricity production,cooking,food,and heat energy for industrial purposes.The proposed applications of this paper offer insightful information for policymaking regarding novel MSW techniques,which are economical,energy-efficient,and environmentally friendly.Thus,it increases the effectiveness of MSW utilization.展开更多
基金financial support from the Interna-tional Islamic University Malaysia through a Research Matching Grant Scheme(RMGS11-004-0017)from the Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation,Malaysia through a Technofund Project(TF1011D220)
文摘Beneficiation of Malaysian iron ore is becoming necessary as iron resources are depleting. However, the upgrading process is challenging because of the weak magnetic properties of Malaysian iron ore. In this study, bio-char derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch （EFB） was utilized as an energy source for reduction roasting. Mixtures of Malaysian iron ore and the bio-char were pressed into briquettes and subjected to reduction roasting processes at 873-1173 K. The extent of reduction was estimated on the basis of mass loss, and the mag-netization of samples was measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）. When reduced at 873 K, the original goethite-rich ore was converted into hematite. An increase in temperature to 1073 K caused a significant conversion of hematite into magnetite and enhanced the magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization of samples. The magnetic properties diminished at 1173 K as the iron ore was par-tially reduced to wustite. This reduction roasting by using the bio-char can assist in upgrading the iron ore by improving its magnetic proper-ties
基金supported by the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(No.FRGS/1/2019/TK10/UIAM/02/2).
文摘Population growth,waste generation,and massive waste mismanagement have led to environmental catastrophe.Management of municipal solid waste(MSW)requires an efficient and sustainable integrated system.The integrated thermal processing of MSW is one of the best waste management techniques.In this study,energy analysis of MSW is carried out based on the material and energy balance of 2000 kg wet MSW,which contains 50%leachate.Once the leachate is removed,the dry MSW is sent for carbon content enhancement in carbonization to produce MSW-based char.Thereafter,the combustion of MSW-based char provided high heat and syngas to be used in a hydrothermal process for MSW leachate treatment.The result shows that the char fuel of MSW produces a sufficient amount of energy,13501.29 MJ(84.55%),in the form of synthetic gas by-product,which has a big potential as an energy source.The novelty of the proposed integrated thermal system is to produce 84.55%synthetic gas by-product,which is used for electricity production,cooking,food,and heat energy for industrial purposes.The proposed applications of this paper offer insightful information for policymaking regarding novel MSW techniques,which are economical,energy-efficient,and environmentally friendly.Thus,it increases the effectiveness of MSW utilization.
