Traumatic brain injury can be categorized into primary and secondary injuries.Secondary injuries are the main cause of disability following traumatic brain injury,which involves a complex multicellular cascade.Microgl...Traumatic brain injury can be categorized into primary and secondary injuries.Secondary injuries are the main cause of disability following traumatic brain injury,which involves a complex multicellular cascade.Microglia play an important role in secondary injury and can be activated in response to traumatic brain injury.In this article,we review the origin and classification of microglia as well as the dynamic changes of microglia in traumatic brain injury.We also clarify the microglial polarization pathways and the therapeutic drugs targeting activated microglia.We found that regulating the signaling pathways involved in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microglia,such as the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B,mitogen-activated protein kinase,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B,Notch,and high mobility group box 1 pathways,can alleviate the inflammatory response triggered by microglia in traumatic brain injury,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.We also reviewed the strategies developed on the basis of these pathways,such as drug and cell replacement therapies.Drugs that modulate inflammatory factors,such as rosuvastatin,have been shown to promote the polarization of antiinflammatory microglia and reduce the inflammatory response caused by traumatic brain injury.Mesenchymal stem cells possess anti-inflammatory properties,and clinical studies have confirmed their significant efficacy and safety in patients with traumatic brain injury.Additionally,advancements in mesenchymal stem cell-delivery methods—such as combinations of novel biomaterials,genetic engineering,and mesenchymal stem cell exosome therapy—have greatly enhanced the efficiency and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in animal models.However,numerous challenges in the application of drug and mesenchymal stem cell treatment strategies remain to be addressed.In the future,new technologies,such as single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis,can facilitate further experimental studies.Moreover,research involving non-human primates can help translate these treatment strategies to clinical practice.展开更多
To the Editor:In recent years,the treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer(mHSPC)has undergone rapid developments.Docetaxel(DOC)or androgen receptor-targeted agent(ARTA)and androgen deprivation thera...To the Editor:In recent years,the treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer(mHSPC)has undergone rapid developments.Docetaxel(DOC)or androgen receptor-targeted agent(ARTA)and androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)are the most commonly used systemic therapies.Multiple meta-analyses or network meta-analyses(NMAs)have been undertaken to evaluate and contrast the various treatment options available for mHSPC.However,the clinical efficacy of DOC in triplet therapy for mHSPC is yet to be confirmed,especially in categorizing the patients based on both volume of disease and timing of metastases.Bringing these controversies to light may have a timely and important impact on further clinical trials.Moreover,based on these trials and our NMA study,triplet therapy has evident benefits on overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)in patients with mHSPC.The NMA study presented in this thesis is one of the first studies that assessed the efficacy of DOC and selected patients who will benefit from triplet therapy.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of lignin-based fully biodegradable plastic film on the growth and quality of lettuce under open-field cultivation conditions.[Methods]In this experiment...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of lignin-based fully biodegradable plastic film on the growth and quality of lettuce under open-field cultivation conditions.[Methods]In this experiment,compared with bare soil,a polyethylene plastic film(PE)treatment and two lignin-based fully biodegradable plastic film treatments(LBF-0.01 and LBF-0.008)with different thicknesses were set to study the effects on the growth and quality of lettuce.[Results]During autumn cultivation in Shanghai,the thermal insulation performance and yield-increasing effect of the two degradable plastic films were consistent with those of PE film,and effectively met lettuce growth requirements,but treatment LBF-0.01was better than treatment LBF-0.008.Moreover,lignin-based fully biodegradable plastic film could significantly increase the contents of Vc,soluble sugar and carotenoids in lettuce,and treatment LBF-0.008 showed the best effect.It could be seen that under the experimental conditions,the two kinds of lignin-based biodegradable plastic films with different thicknesses could be applied to the cultivation of lettuce in the open field in Shanghai in autumn,and LBF-0.01 had the best effect of increasing temperature and increasing yield,while LBF-0.008 had the best effect of improving quality.[Conclusions]This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the further application of lignin-based fully biodegradable plastic film.展开更多
Evolutionary transitions from sexual to asexual reproduction should have significant influences on genetic divergence and polymorphism at the genome level.Plant lineages with diverse reproductive systems provide oppor...Evolutionary transitions from sexual to asexual reproduction should have significant influences on genetic divergence and polymorphism at the genome level.Plant lineages with diverse reproductive systems provide opportunities to investigate this question using comparative approaches and studies of molecular evolution.We investigated evidence for differences among the transcriptomes of 19 Dioscorea species(wild yams)with diverse reproductive systems.These included sexual species,those that propagate primarily by bulbils,and those with mixed sexual and asexual reproductive modes.We examined how transitions between these reproductive systems affected between-species divergence and within-species polymorphism.Primarily asexual species exhibited a reduced efficacy of natural selection and accumulation of deleterious mutations for both divergence and polymorphism.In contrast,species with mixed reproductive strategies involving both seed and clonal reproduction showed no evidence of an increased fixation of harmful mutations at the divergence level,while an accumulation of genetic load present in polymorphism was evident.Our study indicates that the genetic consequences of evolutionary transitions from sexual to predominantly clonal reproduction is likely to depend on both the duration and extent of asexuality occurring in populations.展开更多
How to realize intelligent and fast bed calls has been a key concern of hospitals.The traditional wired bed call system is not only costly but also less efficient.In this paper,research on bed call systems based on AT...How to realize intelligent and fast bed calls has been a key concern of hospitals.The traditional wired bed call system is not only costly but also less efficient.In this paper,research on bed call systems based on AT89C52 microcontroller is carried out.The nurse-side host(AT89C52)and the bedside slave(AT89C52)communicate over long distances using wireless communication technology.The system transmits signals,including Liquid Crystal Display(LCD),voice announcements,and beeping alarms,to indicate the bed number requiring assistance.This allows the nurse to respond promptly.The system supports real-time updates,where calls and processing occur independently,ensuring efficiency.It is not only cost-effective but also enables a rapid and intelligent call-and-response process.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal nitrides(TMNs)have garnered significant attention in fields such as energy storage and nanoelectronics due to their unique electrical properties,high chemical stability,and excellen...Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal nitrides(TMNs)have garnered significant attention in fields such as energy storage and nanoelectronics due to their unique electrical properties,high chemical stability,and excellent mechanical strength.In polycrystalline 2D TMNs films,grain boundaries(GBs)are inevitable structural defects that could play a crucial role in determining the material's properties.Developing rapid optical visualization methods is essential for obtaining large-scale information on the distribution of GBs.However,the rapid visualization of GBs in 2D TMNs,as well as the impact of GBs on the material's electrical properties,has never been previously reported.In this study,we demonstrate the growth of monolayer tungsten nitride crystals on SiO_(2)/Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition(CVD).High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of GBs at the junctions of twisted grains.A wet-etch process utilizing buffered oxide etchant(BOE)enables rapid and effective visualization of these GBs with optical microscopy.By analyzing grains with different twist angles,we find that GBs at specific angles demonstrate increased stability during etching.Electrical measurements revealed that tilted GBs hinder electrical transport,with GBs of a 62°twist angle showing sheet conductance nearly half that within the monolayer grain.This work not only provides insights into GBs in monolayer tungsten nitride but also lays the groundwork for exploring GBs-related properties in other 2D TMNs.展开更多
A challenging but very important task is the development of efficient and cost effective non-noble metal based bifunctional electrocatalysts with excellent kinetics for overall water splitting.Improving the catalyst’...A challenging but very important task is the development of efficient and cost effective non-noble metal based bifunctional electrocatalysts with excellent kinetics for overall water splitting.Improving the catalyst’s electronic structure,optimizing intermediate adsorption,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics are crucial for enhancing reaction efficiency.In this study,we prepared three-dimensional structured V-doped CoP grown in situ on MXene by one-step hydrothermal and controlled phosphorylation(defined as V-CoP/MXene@NF).The V doping not only optimises the electronic conductivity,but also creates a strong synergistic effect between the MXene and V-CoP components,enriching the active sites of the catalysts.The V-CoP/MXene@NF electrocatalyst can achieve a current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2)in 1.0 M KOH solution,with overpotentials of 78 and 223 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),respectively.For overall water splitting,we used the catalyst as an anode and cathode assembly in an electrolytic cell,which could drive a current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2)with an overpotential of only 1.56 V and excellent durability.This work provides new ideas for designing novel MXene-based non-noble metal bifunctional electrocatalysts.展开更多
Gas sensors based on organic semiconductor materials(OSCs)have garnered significant attention due to their cost-effectiveness and ability to operate efficiently at room temperature.However,the performance of these sen...Gas sensors based on organic semiconductor materials(OSCs)have garnered significant attention due to their cost-effectiveness and ability to operate efficiently at room temperature.However,the performance of these sensors is often constrained by the grain boundaries and defects inherent in polycrystalline films typically produced by conventional methods.In this study,a novel approach was developed for fabricating large-area porous organic single-crystal films.Hydrophobic lattice structures were engineered on hydrophilic substrate surfaces,facilitating the growth of 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene(C8-BTBT)molecules by micro-spacing sublimation with liquid crystal properties.These hydrophobic lattice structures function as thermal stress release sites during the film cooling process,enabling the formation of organic single-crystal films with precisely controlled pore locations and sizes.The resulting porous films demonstrate electrical properties on stripes with those achieved through growing on bare silicon substrates,yet exhibit enhanced sensitivity,faster response times,and a lower detection limit when used as active layers in gas sensors.This technique offers a promising pathway for advancing high-performance organic gas sensors toward industrial application.展开更多
Organisms are capable of self-growth through the integration of the nutrients provided by the external environment.This process slows down when they grow.In this study,we mimicked this self-regulated growth via a simp...Organisms are capable of self-growth through the integration of the nutrients provided by the external environment.This process slows down when they grow.In this study,we mimicked this self-regulated growth via a simple swelling-polymerization strategy in which the stretching polymer chains in the original networks provide entropic elasticity to restrict growth in high growth cycles.Using typical covalently crosslinked polymers,such as acrylamide-based hydrogels and HBA-based elastomers,as examples,we demonstrate that the crosslinked polymers can absorb polymerizable compounds through a swelling-polymerization process to expand their sizes,but the growth extent becomes smaller with increasing growth cycle until reaching a plateau.In addition to their size,these materials become stiffer and exhibit less swelling ability in solvents.Our work not only provides a new growing mode to tune the properties of crosslinked polymers but also discloses the underlying mechanism of crosslinked polymers in multi-cyclic swelling conditions.展开更多
Objective: To study the expression of CA125 in the serum of patients with CHF and the relationship between CA125 level and the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events. Methods: The clinical data of 132 patients wi...Objective: To study the expression of CA125 in the serum of patients with CHF and the relationship between CA125 level and the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events. Methods: The clinical data of 132 patients with CHF admitted to Shizuishan Second People’s Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were collected and divided into heart function II group, heart function III group, heart function IV group according to cardiac function. 44 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The clinical data of CA125, NT-proBNP, echocardiography and other clinical data of the four groups were compared, and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events was followed up for 12 months. Results: Compared with the control group, the CA125 level in the CHF group was significantly increased (P Conclusion: Serum CA125 level is related to the cardiac function level in CHF patients and increases with the deterioration of cardiac function. The increase of the index is related to the mortality rate and re-hospitalization rate, suggesting that CA125 can be used as an indicator to reflect the severity of heart failure and prognosis monitoring.展开更多
As the complexity of autonomous vehicles(AVs)continues to increase and artificial intelligence algorithms are becoming increasingly ubiquitous,a novel safety concern known as the safety of the intended functionality(S...As the complexity of autonomous vehicles(AVs)continues to increase and artificial intelligence algorithms are becoming increasingly ubiquitous,a novel safety concern known as the safety of the intended functionality(SOTIF)has emerged,presenting significant challenges to the widespread deployment of AVs.SOTIF focuses on issues arising from the functional insufficiencies of the AVs’intended functionality or its implementation,apart from conventional safety considerations.From the systems engineering standpoint,this study offers a comprehensive exploration of the SOTIF landscape by reviewing academic research,practical activities,challenges,and perspectives across the development,verification,validation,and operation phases.Academic research encompasses system-level SOTIF studies and algorithm-related SOTIF issues and solutions.Moreover,it encapsulates practical SOTIF activities undertaken by corporations,government entities,and academic institutions spanning international and Chinese contexts,focusing on the overarching methodologies and practices in different phases.Finally,the paper presents future challenges and outlook pertaining to the development,verification,validation,and operation phases,motivating stakeholders to address the remaining obstacles and challenges.展开更多
The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating bone metabolism,with sympathetic activation stimulating bone resorption and inhibiting bone formation.We found that fractures lead to increased sympathet...The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating bone metabolism,with sympathetic activation stimulating bone resorption and inhibiting bone formation.We found that fractures lead to increased sympathetic tone,enhanced osteoclast resorption,decreased osteoblast formation,and thus hastened systemic bone loss in ovariectomized(OVX)mice.However,the combined administration of parathyroid hormone(PTH)and theβ-receptor blocker propranolol dramatically promoted systemic bone formation and osteoporotic fracture healing in OVX mice.The effect of this treatment is superior to that of treatment with PTH or propranolol alone.In vitro,the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine(NE)suppressed PTH-induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization,which was rescued by propranolol.Moreover,NE decreased the PTH-induced expression of Runx2 but enhanced the expression of Rankl and the effect of PTH-stimulated osteoblasts on osteoclastic differentiation,whereas these effects were reversed by propranolol.Furthermore,PTH increased the expression of the circadian clock gene Bmal1,which was inhibited by NE-βAR signaling.Bmal1 knockdown blocked the rescue effect of propranolol on the NE-induced decrease in PTHstimulated osteoblast differentiation.Taken together,these results suggest that propranolol enhances the anabolic effect of PTH in preventing systemic bone loss following osteoporotic fracture by blocking the negative effects of sympathetic signaling on PTH anabolism.展开更多
A total of 98 samples from two boreholes in shallow sea area and two oyster reefs in adjacent coastal plain in the northwestern coast of Bohai Bay were collected for diatom analyses and species identification.The rati...A total of 98 samples from two boreholes in shallow sea area and two oyster reefs in adjacent coastal plain in the northwestern coast of Bohai Bay were collected for diatom analyses and species identification.The ratio of the marine species Thalassionema nitzschioides to the intertidal-coastal species complex Cyclotella striata/stylorum serves as a novel proxy for assessing the strength of marine influence.Chronological data,corrected for the local residence time effect,facilitated the construction of a diatom proxy-based marine influence curve for the study area.This curve delineates the dynamics of marine influence and their correlations with paleo-climate fluctuations and the East Asian monsoon variability,as well as their role in chenier formation.Results include:(1)eight periods of intensified marine influence have been documented since 7000 a BP in the study area.The peak of each period,as determined by the diatom proxy,corresponds closely to the warm climatic phases and stronger East Asian summer monsoons,suggesting that the peaks marine influence indicate typically the periods of climatic warmth and monsoon activity intensification in the region;(2)a strong correlation exists between the development of cheniers and marine influence,and chenier formation began with the increasing marine influence and terminated at the end of warm periods as marine influence weakens.The climatic changes in the coastal area,as indicated by the diatom proxy,hold significant potential for future related research endeavors.展开更多
Meteorological conditions are vital to PM_(2.5)and ozone(O_(3))complex pollution.Herein,the T-mode principal com-ponent analysis method was employed to objectively classify the 925-hPa geopotential height field of Don...Meteorological conditions are vital to PM_(2.5)and ozone(O_(3))complex pollution.Herein,the T-mode principal com-ponent analysis method was employed to objectively classify the 925-hPa geopotential height field of Dongying from 2017 to 2022.Synoptic patterns associated with four pollution types-namely,PM_(2.5)-only pollution,O_(3)-only pollution,Co-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution,Non-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution-were characterized at different time scales.The results indicated that synoptic classes conducive to PM_(2.5)-only pollution were“high-pressure top front”,“offshore high-pressure rear”,and“high-pressure inside”,while those conducive to O_(3)-only pollution were“offshore high-pressure rear”,“subtropical high”,and“high and low systems”.The Co-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution were influenced by high pressure,and the Non-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution were linked to precipitation and strong northerly winds.The variation in dominant synoptic patterns is crucial in the frequency changes of the four pollution types,which was further validated through the analysis of typical cases.Under the favorable meteorological conditions of high-pressure control with strong northerly winds or a subtropical high and inverted trough both with strong precipitation,there is potential to achieve coordinated control of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)in Dongying.Additionally,measures like artificially manipulating local humidity could be adopted to alleviate pollution levels.This study reveals the importance of comprehending the meteorological factors contributing to the formation of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)complex pollution for the improvement of urban air quality in the Bohai Rim region of China when emissions are high and the concentration of air pollutants exhibits high meteorological sensitivity.展开更多
To the Editor:With an aging global population,the incidences of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)have signicantly increased.[1]Previous studies have conrmed that COPD and...To the Editor:With an aging global population,the incidences of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)have signicantly increased.[1]Previous studies have conrmed that COPD and asthma are independently associated with the prevalence of CAP.The use of inhaled corticosteroid(ICS),the cornerstone of treatment for asthma,COPD with frequent acute exacerbations,and asthma-COPD overlap(ACO)may induce changes in the local lung microbiome and abnormal lung immunity,ultimately,causing a signicantly increased risk of pneumonia.However,in cases of pneumonia,the effect of the use of ICS on CAP mortality remains controversial.While data from one study favored the prior use of ICS,which was associated with a signicantly lower short-term mortality rate,[2]other studies have identied no impact on mortality.To date,data on the impact of the use of ICS on mortality,prehospitalization or during hospitalization,are scarce,particularly in the older population.Therefore,this multicenter,retrospective study explored the association between the use of ICS during hospitalization and short-term mortality in older patients with CAP and those with chronic pulmonary disease(CPD).展开更多
In recent years,the development and construction of island reefs have been flourishing.Due to the remoteness of island reefs from the mainland,the scarcity of building materials,and the high transportation costs,it is...In recent years,the development and construction of island reefs have been flourishing.Due to the remoteness of island reefs from the mainland,the scarcity of building materials,and the high transportation costs,it is imperative to use local marine resources,and the potential value and status of coral mud on island reefs,which is formed by the remains of corals and other biological entities,is becoming increasingly prominent.Utilization and optimization of natural resources on island reefs have become a brand-new research direction and challenge.This article mainly focuses on the development of a new type of green engineering material,coral mud,for use in building surface layers.Thickness effects,PVA fiber(vinylon staple fiber)modification,and HPMC(Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose)adhesive modification are taken into consideration.Through laboratory tests and image processing technology,fractal theory,and electron microscopy experiments,the macro-meso-microscopic multi-scale cracking rules of the coral mud surface layer and the optimization modification rules of PVA fibers and HPMC adhesives are revealed.The results demonstrate that the performance of the coral mud surface layer is superior to that of the kaolin surface layer,and the 10 mm thickness performs better than the 5 mm and 20 mm thicknesses.As the thickness of the coral mud surface layer increases,the contact between coral mud particles becomes denser,the scale of surface micro-cracks decreases,and the number of micro-pores decreases.PVA fibers can effectively inhibit the further development of macro and micro cracks and play a good bridging role.There is a bonding and adhesion relationship between coral mud and PVA fibers,and they have a good synergistic effect in inhibiting macro and mesoscopic cracks.With the increase in HPMC adhesive content,the number of micro-cracks and the scale of micro-cracks decrease accordingly,and the structure and performance of the coral mud surface layer are further improved.Overall,PVA fibers are more effective than HPMC adhesives in inhibiting the cracking of the coral mud surface layer.This provides valuable guidance for the development and application of coral mud in wall surface materials.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province,No.202401AS070086(to ZW)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2018YFA0801403(to ZW)+1 种基金Yunnan Science and Technology Talent and Platform Plan,No.202105AC160041(to ZW)the Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31960120(to ZW)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury can be categorized into primary and secondary injuries.Secondary injuries are the main cause of disability following traumatic brain injury,which involves a complex multicellular cascade.Microglia play an important role in secondary injury and can be activated in response to traumatic brain injury.In this article,we review the origin and classification of microglia as well as the dynamic changes of microglia in traumatic brain injury.We also clarify the microglial polarization pathways and the therapeutic drugs targeting activated microglia.We found that regulating the signaling pathways involved in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microglia,such as the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B,mitogen-activated protein kinase,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B,Notch,and high mobility group box 1 pathways,can alleviate the inflammatory response triggered by microglia in traumatic brain injury,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.We also reviewed the strategies developed on the basis of these pathways,such as drug and cell replacement therapies.Drugs that modulate inflammatory factors,such as rosuvastatin,have been shown to promote the polarization of antiinflammatory microglia and reduce the inflammatory response caused by traumatic brain injury.Mesenchymal stem cells possess anti-inflammatory properties,and clinical studies have confirmed their significant efficacy and safety in patients with traumatic brain injury.Additionally,advancements in mesenchymal stem cell-delivery methods—such as combinations of novel biomaterials,genetic engineering,and mesenchymal stem cell exosome therapy—have greatly enhanced the efficiency and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in animal models.However,numerous challenges in the application of drug and mesenchymal stem cell treatment strategies remain to be addressed.In the future,new technologies,such as single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis,can facilitate further experimental studies.Moreover,research involving non-human primates can help translate these treatment strategies to clinical practice.
基金funded by grants from the Shanghai Science Committee Foundation(No.19411967700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31570993)the Wu Jieping Medical Foundation(No.320.6750.2020-14-7).
文摘To the Editor:In recent years,the treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer(mHSPC)has undergone rapid developments.Docetaxel(DOC)or androgen receptor-targeted agent(ARTA)and androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)are the most commonly used systemic therapies.Multiple meta-analyses or network meta-analyses(NMAs)have been undertaken to evaluate and contrast the various treatment options available for mHSPC.However,the clinical efficacy of DOC in triplet therapy for mHSPC is yet to be confirmed,especially in categorizing the patients based on both volume of disease and timing of metastases.Bringing these controversies to light may have a timely and important impact on further clinical trials.Moreover,based on these trials and our NMA study,triplet therapy has evident benefits on overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)in patients with mHSPC.The NMA study presented in this thesis is one of the first studies that assessed the efficacy of DOC and selected patients who will benefit from triplet therapy.
基金Supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan,China(22N51900900).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of lignin-based fully biodegradable plastic film on the growth and quality of lettuce under open-field cultivation conditions.[Methods]In this experiment,compared with bare soil,a polyethylene plastic film(PE)treatment and two lignin-based fully biodegradable plastic film treatments(LBF-0.01 and LBF-0.008)with different thicknesses were set to study the effects on the growth and quality of lettuce.[Results]During autumn cultivation in Shanghai,the thermal insulation performance and yield-increasing effect of the two degradable plastic films were consistent with those of PE film,and effectively met lettuce growth requirements,but treatment LBF-0.01was better than treatment LBF-0.008.Moreover,lignin-based fully biodegradable plastic film could significantly increase the contents of Vc,soluble sugar and carotenoids in lettuce,and treatment LBF-0.008 showed the best effect.It could be seen that under the experimental conditions,the two kinds of lignin-based biodegradable plastic films with different thicknesses could be applied to the cultivation of lettuce in the open field in Shanghai in autumn,and LBF-0.01 had the best effect of increasing temperature and increasing yield,while LBF-0.008 had the best effect of improving quality.[Conclusions]This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the further application of lignin-based fully biodegradable plastic film.
基金supported by the Top-notch Young Talents Project of Yunnan Province(YNWR-QNBJ-2019-203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32470394)the Key Basic Research Programof Yunnan Province(202201AS070057,202101BC070003,and 202103AC100003).
文摘Evolutionary transitions from sexual to asexual reproduction should have significant influences on genetic divergence and polymorphism at the genome level.Plant lineages with diverse reproductive systems provide opportunities to investigate this question using comparative approaches and studies of molecular evolution.We investigated evidence for differences among the transcriptomes of 19 Dioscorea species(wild yams)with diverse reproductive systems.These included sexual species,those that propagate primarily by bulbils,and those with mixed sexual and asexual reproductive modes.We examined how transitions between these reproductive systems affected between-species divergence and within-species polymorphism.Primarily asexual species exhibited a reduced efficacy of natural selection and accumulation of deleterious mutations for both divergence and polymorphism.In contrast,species with mixed reproductive strategies involving both seed and clonal reproduction showed no evidence of an increased fixation of harmful mutations at the divergence level,while an accumulation of genetic load present in polymorphism was evident.Our study indicates that the genetic consequences of evolutionary transitions from sexual to predominantly clonal reproduction is likely to depend on both the duration and extent of asexuality occurring in populations.
文摘How to realize intelligent and fast bed calls has been a key concern of hospitals.The traditional wired bed call system is not only costly but also less efficient.In this paper,research on bed call systems based on AT89C52 microcontroller is carried out.The nurse-side host(AT89C52)and the bedside slave(AT89C52)communicate over long distances using wireless communication technology.The system transmits signals,including Liquid Crystal Display(LCD),voice announcements,and beeping alarms,to indicate the bed number requiring assistance.This allows the nurse to respond promptly.The system supports real-time updates,where calls and processing occur independently,ensuring efficiency.It is not only cost-effective but also enables a rapid and intelligent call-and-response process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12104434 and 62074051)the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province,China(Nos.2022AH051648 and 2024AH040057)。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal nitrides(TMNs)have garnered significant attention in fields such as energy storage and nanoelectronics due to their unique electrical properties,high chemical stability,and excellent mechanical strength.In polycrystalline 2D TMNs films,grain boundaries(GBs)are inevitable structural defects that could play a crucial role in determining the material's properties.Developing rapid optical visualization methods is essential for obtaining large-scale information on the distribution of GBs.However,the rapid visualization of GBs in 2D TMNs,as well as the impact of GBs on the material's electrical properties,has never been previously reported.In this study,we demonstrate the growth of monolayer tungsten nitride crystals on SiO_(2)/Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition(CVD).High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of GBs at the junctions of twisted grains.A wet-etch process utilizing buffered oxide etchant(BOE)enables rapid and effective visualization of these GBs with optical microscopy.By analyzing grains with different twist angles,we find that GBs at specific angles demonstrate increased stability during etching.Electrical measurements revealed that tilted GBs hinder electrical transport,with GBs of a 62°twist angle showing sheet conductance nearly half that within the monolayer grain.This work not only provides insights into GBs in monolayer tungsten nitride but also lays the groundwork for exploring GBs-related properties in other 2D TMNs.
基金Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan(Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project)(No.2023CXGC010303)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade C)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.GZC20231195 and GZC20240772)+3 种基金Qingdao Postdoctoral Funding Project(No.QDBSH20240102087)Qingdao Natural Science Foundation project(Nos.24-4-4-zrjj-19-jch and 24-4-4-zrjj-82-jch)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(No.S202410426042)Authors from the KSU thank the Researchers Supporting Project(No.RSPD2025R981),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia for the support.
文摘A challenging but very important task is the development of efficient and cost effective non-noble metal based bifunctional electrocatalysts with excellent kinetics for overall water splitting.Improving the catalyst’s electronic structure,optimizing intermediate adsorption,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics are crucial for enhancing reaction efficiency.In this study,we prepared three-dimensional structured V-doped CoP grown in situ on MXene by one-step hydrothermal and controlled phosphorylation(defined as V-CoP/MXene@NF).The V doping not only optimises the electronic conductivity,but also creates a strong synergistic effect between the MXene and V-CoP components,enriching the active sites of the catalysts.The V-CoP/MXene@NF electrocatalyst can achieve a current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2)in 1.0 M KOH solution,with overpotentials of 78 and 223 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),respectively.For overall water splitting,we used the catalyst as an anode and cathode assembly in an electrolytic cell,which could drive a current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2)with an overpotential of only 1.56 V and excellent durability.This work provides new ideas for designing novel MXene-based non-noble metal bifunctional electrocatalysts.
基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220530150210023)Scientific Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian(No.SKLNBC2019-2)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515110620).
文摘Gas sensors based on organic semiconductor materials(OSCs)have garnered significant attention due to their cost-effectiveness and ability to operate efficiently at room temperature.However,the performance of these sensors is often constrained by the grain boundaries and defects inherent in polycrystalline films typically produced by conventional methods.In this study,a novel approach was developed for fabricating large-area porous organic single-crystal films.Hydrophobic lattice structures were engineered on hydrophilic substrate surfaces,facilitating the growth of 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene(C8-BTBT)molecules by micro-spacing sublimation with liquid crystal properties.These hydrophobic lattice structures function as thermal stress release sites during the film cooling process,enabling the formation of organic single-crystal films with precisely controlled pore locations and sizes.The resulting porous films demonstrate electrical properties on stripes with those achieved through growing on bare silicon substrates,yet exhibit enhanced sensitivity,faster response times,and a lower detection limit when used as active layers in gas sensors.This technique offers a promising pathway for advancing high-performance organic gas sensors toward industrial application.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52203135 and 52273206)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20230372)+4 种基金Huzhou Science and Technology Program Projects(No.2023GZ18)Zhejiang Postdoctoral Research Project(No.ZJ2023133)Science and Technology Cooperation Fund Program of Chengdu-Chinese Academy of ScienceHunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2021JJ10029)Huxiang High-level Talent Gathering Project(No.2022RC4039)。
文摘Organisms are capable of self-growth through the integration of the nutrients provided by the external environment.This process slows down when they grow.In this study,we mimicked this self-regulated growth via a simple swelling-polymerization strategy in which the stretching polymer chains in the original networks provide entropic elasticity to restrict growth in high growth cycles.Using typical covalently crosslinked polymers,such as acrylamide-based hydrogels and HBA-based elastomers,as examples,we demonstrate that the crosslinked polymers can absorb polymerizable compounds through a swelling-polymerization process to expand their sizes,but the growth extent becomes smaller with increasing growth cycle until reaching a plateau.In addition to their size,these materials become stiffer and exhibit less swelling ability in solvents.Our work not only provides a new growing mode to tune the properties of crosslinked polymers but also discloses the underlying mechanism of crosslinked polymers in multi-cyclic swelling conditions.
文摘Objective: To study the expression of CA125 in the serum of patients with CHF and the relationship between CA125 level and the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events. Methods: The clinical data of 132 patients with CHF admitted to Shizuishan Second People’s Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were collected and divided into heart function II group, heart function III group, heart function IV group according to cardiac function. 44 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The clinical data of CA125, NT-proBNP, echocardiography and other clinical data of the four groups were compared, and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events was followed up for 12 months. Results: Compared with the control group, the CA125 level in the CHF group was significantly increased (P Conclusion: Serum CA125 level is related to the cardiac function level in CHF patients and increases with the deterioration of cardiac function. The increase of the index is related to the mortality rate and re-hospitalization rate, suggesting that CA125 can be used as an indicator to reflect the severity of heart failure and prognosis monitoring.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China Project(52072215,U1964203,52242213,and 52221005)National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of China(2022YFB2503003)State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility。
文摘As the complexity of autonomous vehicles(AVs)continues to increase and artificial intelligence algorithms are becoming increasingly ubiquitous,a novel safety concern known as the safety of the intended functionality(SOTIF)has emerged,presenting significant challenges to the widespread deployment of AVs.SOTIF focuses on issues arising from the functional insufficiencies of the AVs’intended functionality or its implementation,apart from conventional safety considerations.From the systems engineering standpoint,this study offers a comprehensive exploration of the SOTIF landscape by reviewing academic research,practical activities,challenges,and perspectives across the development,verification,validation,and operation phases.Academic research encompasses system-level SOTIF studies and algorithm-related SOTIF issues and solutions.Moreover,it encapsulates practical SOTIF activities undertaken by corporations,government entities,and academic institutions spanning international and Chinese contexts,focusing on the overarching methodologies and practices in different phases.Finally,the paper presents future challenges and outlook pertaining to the development,verification,validation,and operation phases,motivating stakeholders to address the remaining obstacles and challenges.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82330078,81874010)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant Nos.2020YFC2009004,2021YFC2501700).
文摘The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating bone metabolism,with sympathetic activation stimulating bone resorption and inhibiting bone formation.We found that fractures lead to increased sympathetic tone,enhanced osteoclast resorption,decreased osteoblast formation,and thus hastened systemic bone loss in ovariectomized(OVX)mice.However,the combined administration of parathyroid hormone(PTH)and theβ-receptor blocker propranolol dramatically promoted systemic bone formation and osteoporotic fracture healing in OVX mice.The effect of this treatment is superior to that of treatment with PTH or propranolol alone.In vitro,the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine(NE)suppressed PTH-induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization,which was rescued by propranolol.Moreover,NE decreased the PTH-induced expression of Runx2 but enhanced the expression of Rankl and the effect of PTH-stimulated osteoblasts on osteoclastic differentiation,whereas these effects were reversed by propranolol.Furthermore,PTH increased the expression of the circadian clock gene Bmal1,which was inhibited by NE-βAR signaling.Bmal1 knockdown blocked the rescue effect of propranolol on the NE-induced decrease in PTHstimulated osteoblast differentiation.Taken together,these results suggest that propranolol enhances the anabolic effect of PTH in preventing systemic bone loss following osteoporotic fracture by blocking the negative effects of sympathetic signaling on PTH anabolism.
基金Supported by the Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41806109)the project of China Geological Survey(Nos.DD20230091,DD20211301)。
文摘A total of 98 samples from two boreholes in shallow sea area and two oyster reefs in adjacent coastal plain in the northwestern coast of Bohai Bay were collected for diatom analyses and species identification.The ratio of the marine species Thalassionema nitzschioides to the intertidal-coastal species complex Cyclotella striata/stylorum serves as a novel proxy for assessing the strength of marine influence.Chronological data,corrected for the local residence time effect,facilitated the construction of a diatom proxy-based marine influence curve for the study area.This curve delineates the dynamics of marine influence and their correlations with paleo-climate fluctuations and the East Asian monsoon variability,as well as their role in chenier formation.Results include:(1)eight periods of intensified marine influence have been documented since 7000 a BP in the study area.The peak of each period,as determined by the diatom proxy,corresponds closely to the warm climatic phases and stronger East Asian summer monsoons,suggesting that the peaks marine influence indicate typically the periods of climatic warmth and monsoon activity intensification in the region;(2)a strong correlation exists between the development of cheniers and marine influence,and chenier formation began with the increasing marine influence and terminated at the end of warm periods as marine influence weakens.The climatic changes in the coastal area,as indicated by the diatom proxy,hold significant potential for future related research endeavors.
基金jointly supported by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China[grant number DQGG202121]the Dongying Ecological and Environmental Bureau[grant number 2021DFKY-0779]。
文摘Meteorological conditions are vital to PM_(2.5)and ozone(O_(3))complex pollution.Herein,the T-mode principal com-ponent analysis method was employed to objectively classify the 925-hPa geopotential height field of Dongying from 2017 to 2022.Synoptic patterns associated with four pollution types-namely,PM_(2.5)-only pollution,O_(3)-only pollution,Co-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution,Non-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution-were characterized at different time scales.The results indicated that synoptic classes conducive to PM_(2.5)-only pollution were“high-pressure top front”,“offshore high-pressure rear”,and“high-pressure inside”,while those conducive to O_(3)-only pollution were“offshore high-pressure rear”,“subtropical high”,and“high and low systems”.The Co-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution were influenced by high pressure,and the Non-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution were linked to precipitation and strong northerly winds.The variation in dominant synoptic patterns is crucial in the frequency changes of the four pollution types,which was further validated through the analysis of typical cases.Under the favorable meteorological conditions of high-pressure control with strong northerly winds or a subtropical high and inverted trough both with strong precipitation,there is potential to achieve coordinated control of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)in Dongying.Additionally,measures like artificially manipulating local humidity could be adopted to alleviate pollution levels.This study reveals the importance of comprehending the meteorological factors contributing to the formation of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)complex pollution for the improvement of urban air quality in the Bohai Rim region of China when emissions are high and the concentration of air pollutants exhibits high meteorological sensitivity.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.81425001/H0104)the National Key Technology Support Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2015BAI12B11)the Beijing Science and Technology Project(No.D151100002115004)
文摘To the Editor:With an aging global population,the incidences of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)have signicantly increased.[1]Previous studies have conrmed that COPD and asthma are independently associated with the prevalence of CAP.The use of inhaled corticosteroid(ICS),the cornerstone of treatment for asthma,COPD with frequent acute exacerbations,and asthma-COPD overlap(ACO)may induce changes in the local lung microbiome and abnormal lung immunity,ultimately,causing a signicantly increased risk of pneumonia.However,in cases of pneumonia,the effect of the use of ICS on CAP mortality remains controversial.While data from one study favored the prior use of ICS,which was associated with a signicantly lower short-term mortality rate,[2]other studies have identied no impact on mortality.To date,data on the impact of the use of ICS on mortality,prehospitalization or during hospitalization,are scarce,particularly in the older population.Therefore,this multicenter,retrospective study explored the association between the use of ICS during hospitalization and short-term mortality in older patients with CAP and those with chronic pulmonary disease(CPD).
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.2022CDJQY-012).
文摘In recent years,the development and construction of island reefs have been flourishing.Due to the remoteness of island reefs from the mainland,the scarcity of building materials,and the high transportation costs,it is imperative to use local marine resources,and the potential value and status of coral mud on island reefs,which is formed by the remains of corals and other biological entities,is becoming increasingly prominent.Utilization and optimization of natural resources on island reefs have become a brand-new research direction and challenge.This article mainly focuses on the development of a new type of green engineering material,coral mud,for use in building surface layers.Thickness effects,PVA fiber(vinylon staple fiber)modification,and HPMC(Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose)adhesive modification are taken into consideration.Through laboratory tests and image processing technology,fractal theory,and electron microscopy experiments,the macro-meso-microscopic multi-scale cracking rules of the coral mud surface layer and the optimization modification rules of PVA fibers and HPMC adhesives are revealed.The results demonstrate that the performance of the coral mud surface layer is superior to that of the kaolin surface layer,and the 10 mm thickness performs better than the 5 mm and 20 mm thicknesses.As the thickness of the coral mud surface layer increases,the contact between coral mud particles becomes denser,the scale of surface micro-cracks decreases,and the number of micro-pores decreases.PVA fibers can effectively inhibit the further development of macro and micro cracks and play a good bridging role.There is a bonding and adhesion relationship between coral mud and PVA fibers,and they have a good synergistic effect in inhibiting macro and mesoscopic cracks.With the increase in HPMC adhesive content,the number of micro-cracks and the scale of micro-cracks decrease accordingly,and the structure and performance of the coral mud surface layer are further improved.Overall,PVA fibers are more effective than HPMC adhesives in inhibiting the cracking of the coral mud surface layer.This provides valuable guidance for the development and application of coral mud in wall surface materials.
