Sweet potato is a multifunctional root crop and a source of food with many essential nutrients and bioactive compounds.Variations in the flesh color of the diverse sweet potato varieties are attributed to the differen...Sweet potato is a multifunctional root crop and a source of food with many essential nutrients and bioactive compounds.Variations in the flesh color of the diverse sweet potato varieties are attributed to the different phytochemicals and natural pigments they produce.Among them,carotenoids and anthocyanins are the main pigments known for their antioxidant properties which provide a host of health benefits,hence,regarded as a major component of the human diet.In this review,we provide an overview of the major pigments in sweet potato with much emphasis on their biosynthesis,functions,and regulatory control.More-over,current findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids and anthocyanins in sweet potato are discussed.Insights into the composition,biosynthesis,and regulatory control of these major pigments will further advance the biofortification of sweet potato and provide a reference for breeding carotenoid-and anthocyanin-rich varieties.展开更多
Sweet potato is a multifunctional root crop with many essential nutrients and bioactive compounds.Due to its genetic complexity and lack of genomic resources,efficient genetic studies and cultivar development lag far ...Sweet potato is a multifunctional root crop with many essential nutrients and bioactive compounds.Due to its genetic complexity and lack of genomic resources,efficient genetic studies and cultivar development lag far behind other major crops.Simple sequence repeats(SSRs)offer an effective molecular marker technology for molecular-based breeding and for locating important loci in crop plants,but only a few have previously been developed in sweet potato.To further explore new SSR markers and accelerate their use in sweet potato genetic studies,genome-wide characterization and development of SSR markers were performed using the recently published genome of sweet potato cultivar,Taizhong6.In this study,a set of 2,431 primer pairs were developed from 133,727 SSRs identified in the sweet potato genome using the Perl script MISA software.The average frequency was one SSR per 6.26 kb,with dinucleotides(38.5%)being the most dominant repeat motif.The main motif types in all repeats were AT/AT,AAT/ATT,A/T,AAAT/ATTT,AAAAT/ATTTT and AAAAAT/ATTTTT accounting for 78.29%of the total SSRs.50%of the 100 randomly selected primer pairs amplified 251 alleles,and the average number of alleles was 5.02 per locus for values ranging between 1 and 13.The UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the 24 sweet potato genotypes into four clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.68.The SSR markers currently developed will provide valuable genetic resources for germplasm identification,genetic diversity analysis,and functional genomics studies in sweet potato and related species.展开更多
Increased urbanization and industrialization have greatly contributed to the emission of higher amount of heavy metals such as cadmium,nickel,and lead into the environment.These metals are non-biodegradable and toxic,...Increased urbanization and industrialization have greatly contributed to the emission of higher amount of heavy metals such as cadmium,nickel,and lead into the environment.These metals are non-biodegradable and toxic,causing much effects on plants and by extension to animals and humans,which have become a major global concern.The inherent ability of plants to resist heavy metal toxicity seems to be the most sustainable and cost-effective strategy.Castor plant is widely studied due to its tolerance to the effects of heavy metal contaminated soils,owing to its large biomass content and high accumulating capacity.Castor plants to some extent can tolerate elevated levels of heavy metals through several developed mechanisms,such as activation of antioxidant enzymes,exclusion,accumulation of proline,compartmentalization,organic acid exudation,and phytochelatins.Molecular studies have identified some stress-responsive to aid the tolerance of heavy metals in castor.Stress caused by heavy metal toxicity affects seedling growth,biomass,photosynthetic pigments,protein level,and nutrient uptake of castor plant.The response of castor,however,to these stresses differs among cultivars,metal type and concentration,and time of metal applied.This review aims to summarize the physiological responses and various defense mechanisms of castor to tolerate and eradicate heavy metal toxicity and some stress-responsive genes identified at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels that confer metal tolerance in this plant.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the NSFC-Guangdong Natural Science Foundation Joint Project(U1701234)Strategic Leading Science&Technology Programme(XDA13020604)Program for Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Guangdong Ocean University,and Studies on Resistance Resources and Molecular Mechanisms of Sweet potato Weevil in South China(U1701234).
文摘Sweet potato is a multifunctional root crop and a source of food with many essential nutrients and bioactive compounds.Variations in the flesh color of the diverse sweet potato varieties are attributed to the different phytochemicals and natural pigments they produce.Among them,carotenoids and anthocyanins are the main pigments known for their antioxidant properties which provide a host of health benefits,hence,regarded as a major component of the human diet.In this review,we provide an overview of the major pigments in sweet potato with much emphasis on their biosynthesis,functions,and regulatory control.More-over,current findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids and anthocyanins in sweet potato are discussed.Insights into the composition,biosynthesis,and regulatory control of these major pigments will further advance the biofortification of sweet potato and provide a reference for breeding carotenoid-and anthocyanin-rich varieties.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong Joint Fund,ChinaStudies on Resistance Resources and Molecular Mechanisms of Sweet potato Weevil in South China(Grant No.U1701234).
文摘Sweet potato is a multifunctional root crop with many essential nutrients and bioactive compounds.Due to its genetic complexity and lack of genomic resources,efficient genetic studies and cultivar development lag far behind other major crops.Simple sequence repeats(SSRs)offer an effective molecular marker technology for molecular-based breeding and for locating important loci in crop plants,but only a few have previously been developed in sweet potato.To further explore new SSR markers and accelerate their use in sweet potato genetic studies,genome-wide characterization and development of SSR markers were performed using the recently published genome of sweet potato cultivar,Taizhong6.In this study,a set of 2,431 primer pairs were developed from 133,727 SSRs identified in the sweet potato genome using the Perl script MISA software.The average frequency was one SSR per 6.26 kb,with dinucleotides(38.5%)being the most dominant repeat motif.The main motif types in all repeats were AT/AT,AAT/ATT,A/T,AAAT/ATTT,AAAAT/ATTTT and AAAAAT/ATTTTT accounting for 78.29%of the total SSRs.50%of the 100 randomly selected primer pairs amplified 251 alleles,and the average number of alleles was 5.02 per locus for values ranging between 1 and 13.The UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the 24 sweet potato genotypes into four clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.68.The SSR markers currently developed will provide valuable genetic resources for germplasm identification,genetic diversity analysis,and functional genomics studies in sweet potato and related species.
基金This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271759)Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Projects(2013b060400024,2014a020208116,and 2016a020208015)(China)Project of Enhancing School with Innovation of Guangdong Ocean University,Gdou2013050206(China).
文摘Increased urbanization and industrialization have greatly contributed to the emission of higher amount of heavy metals such as cadmium,nickel,and lead into the environment.These metals are non-biodegradable and toxic,causing much effects on plants and by extension to animals and humans,which have become a major global concern.The inherent ability of plants to resist heavy metal toxicity seems to be the most sustainable and cost-effective strategy.Castor plant is widely studied due to its tolerance to the effects of heavy metal contaminated soils,owing to its large biomass content and high accumulating capacity.Castor plants to some extent can tolerate elevated levels of heavy metals through several developed mechanisms,such as activation of antioxidant enzymes,exclusion,accumulation of proline,compartmentalization,organic acid exudation,and phytochelatins.Molecular studies have identified some stress-responsive to aid the tolerance of heavy metals in castor.Stress caused by heavy metal toxicity affects seedling growth,biomass,photosynthetic pigments,protein level,and nutrient uptake of castor plant.The response of castor,however,to these stresses differs among cultivars,metal type and concentration,and time of metal applied.This review aims to summarize the physiological responses and various defense mechanisms of castor to tolerate and eradicate heavy metal toxicity and some stress-responsive genes identified at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels that confer metal tolerance in this plant.
