AIIopolyploidy has played an important role in plant evolution and heterosis. Recent studies indicate that the process of wide hybridization and （or） polyploidization may induce rapid and extensive genetic and epige...AIIopolyploidy has played an important role in plant evolution and heterosis. Recent studies indicate that the process of wide hybridization and （or） polyploidization may induce rapid and extensive genetic and epigenetic changes in some plant species. To better understand the allopolyploidy evolutionism and the genetic mechanism of Arachis interspecific hybridization, this study was conducted to monitor the gene expression variation by cDNA start codon targeted polymorphism （cDNA-SCoT） and cDNA high-frequency oligonucleotide-targeting active gene （cDNA-HFO-TAG） techniques, from the hybrids （F1） and newly synthesized allopolyploid generations （S0-$3） between tetraploid cultivated peanut Zhongkaihua 4 with diploid wild one Arachis doigoi. Rapid and considerable gene expression variations began as early as in the FI hybrid or immediately after chromosome doubling. Three types of gene expression changes were observed, including complete silence （gene from progenitors was not expressed in all progenies）, incomplete silence （gene expressed only in some progenies） and new genes activation. Those silent genes mainly involved in RNA transcription, metabolism, disease resistance, signal transduction and unknown functions. The activated genes with known function were almost retroelements by cDNA-SCoT technique and all metabolisms by cDNA-HFO-TAG. These findings indicated that interspecific hybridization and ploidy change affected gene expression via genetic and epigenetic alterations immediately upon allopolyploid formation, and some obtained transcripts derived fragments （TDFs） probably could be used in the research of molecular mechanism of Arachis allopolyploidization which contribute to thwe genetic diploidization of newly formed allopolyploids. Our research is valuable for understanding of peanut evolution and improving the utilization of putative and beneficial genes from the wild peanut.展开更多
Fourteen wild species of different sections in the genus Arachis and 24 accessions of the AABB allotetraploid A. hypogaea （cultivated peanut） from several countries which belong to different botanical varieties, wer...Fourteen wild species of different sections in the genus Arachis and 24 accessions of the AABB allotetraploid A. hypogaea （cultivated peanut） from several countries which belong to different botanical varieties, were analyzed by SSR and AFLP marker systems. The assay-units per system needed to distinguish among all the tested accessions were at least five for SSR or two for AFLP. The genetic distance detected by the SSR markers ranged from 0.09 to 0.95, and the mean was 0.73; and the genetic distance detected by the AFLP markers ranged from 0.01 to 0.79 with an average of 0.42. All the tested peanut SSR primer pairs were multilocus ones, and the amplified fragments per SSR marker in each peanut genome ranged from 2 to 15 with the mean of 4.77. The peanut cultivars were closely related to each other, and shared a large numbers of SSR and AFLP fragments. In contrast, the species in the genus Arachis shared few fragments. The results indicated that the cultivated peanut （A. hypogaea L.） varieties could be partitioned into two main groups and four subgroups at the molecular level, and that A. duranensis is one of the wild ancestors of A. hypogaea. The lowest genetic variation was detected between A. cardenasii and A. batizocoi, and the highest was detected between A. pintoi and the species in the section Arachis. The relationships among the botanical varieties in the cultivated peanut （A. hypogaea L.） and among wild species accessions in section Arachis and those in other sections in the genus Arachis were discussed.展开更多
为提高华南区甘蔗间作花生的经济效益,研究不同氮磷钾配施对花生养分吸收及产量效益的影响。田间试验设置氮磷钾肥各4个水平梯度,比较氮磷钾不同配比的施肥对花生养分吸收和产量效益的影响。结果表明:氮磷肥施用量增加促进间作花生对氮...为提高华南区甘蔗间作花生的经济效益,研究不同氮磷钾配施对花生养分吸收及产量效益的影响。田间试验设置氮磷钾肥各4个水平梯度,比较氮磷钾不同配比的施肥对花生养分吸收和产量效益的影响。结果表明:氮磷肥施用量增加促进间作花生对氮磷养分的吸收,而钾肥施用过量会抑制花生对钾养分的吸收。开花下针期到荚果膨大期是间作花生干物质积累、吸收养分的关键时期。间作花生干物质累积量随氮磷钾肥施用量的增加而增加,每形成1000 g的干物质,就需要吸收同化17.7 g N、1.7 g P_(2)O_(5)和11.3 g K_(2)O,吸收比列为10.4∶1∶6.6(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O)。间作花生生产百千克荚果需吸收氮、磷、钾养分量分别在6.83~7.98 kg N、0.65~0.80 kg P_(2)O_(5)、4.10~5.32 kg K_(2)O之间。综上,华南区种植与甘蔗间作的花生,较优氮磷钾施肥配比为80 kg/hm^(2)N,70 kg/hm^(2)P_(2)O_(5),80~90 kg/hm^(2)K_(2)O,可提高花生产量和经济效益,以及养分吸收利用率。展开更多
【目的】研究宽行丛式甘蔗间作花生模式的作物养分吸收利用以及增产效应,为其推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】设置宽行丛式甘蔗间作花生(IS+IP处理)、单作甘蔗(MS处理)和单作花生(MP处理)3种栽培模式,通过测定作物植株和土壤养分含量以...【目的】研究宽行丛式甘蔗间作花生模式的作物养分吸收利用以及增产效应,为其推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】设置宽行丛式甘蔗间作花生(IS+IP处理)、单作甘蔗(MS处理)和单作花生(MP处理)3种栽培模式,通过测定作物植株和土壤养分含量以及作物农艺性状等指标,分析比较3种栽培模式作物产量、植株和土壤养分含量差异。【结果】与MS处理相比,IS+IP处理显著增加甘蔗栽培土壤养分含量,其中有效氮增加18.2%~20.1%,有效磷增加17.8%~35.1%,有机质含量增加12.2%~38.8%;IS+IP处理的甘蔗植株全氮、全磷和全钾含量总体呈现出在花生开花下针期增加,结荚期和成熟期降低的趋势。相比MP处理,在花生各生育期IS+IP处理除了明显降低花生栽培土壤速效钾含量(降幅24.2%~47.2%),植株全氮(降幅5.6%~31.3%)和全钾含量(降幅12.8%~26.6%)外,对其他花生栽培土壤和植株养分含量无一致性增加或降低的效应。IS+IP模式表现出明显的间作优势,LER(土地当量比)值达到1.41,IS+IP处理甘蔗产量达91731.24 kg hm^(−2),较MS处理显著增产、增产幅度达18.3%,花生产量达到1642.70 kg hm^(−2)。【结论】IS+IP模式显著增加甘蔗栽培土壤养分含量以及甘蔗产量,并增加一季花生产量,是一种高效种植模式。展开更多
基金supported by the Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Foundation,China(2015JZ08 and 2015YT57)the Guangxi Sciences Foundation,China(2011GXNSFA018079)+1 种基金the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System,China(CARS-14-19)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160294 and 31240059)
文摘AIIopolyploidy has played an important role in plant evolution and heterosis. Recent studies indicate that the process of wide hybridization and （or） polyploidization may induce rapid and extensive genetic and epigenetic changes in some plant species. To better understand the allopolyploidy evolutionism and the genetic mechanism of Arachis interspecific hybridization, this study was conducted to monitor the gene expression variation by cDNA start codon targeted polymorphism （cDNA-SCoT） and cDNA high-frequency oligonucleotide-targeting active gene （cDNA-HFO-TAG） techniques, from the hybrids （F1） and newly synthesized allopolyploid generations （S0-$3） between tetraploid cultivated peanut Zhongkaihua 4 with diploid wild one Arachis doigoi. Rapid and considerable gene expression variations began as early as in the FI hybrid or immediately after chromosome doubling. Three types of gene expression changes were observed, including complete silence （gene from progenitors was not expressed in all progenies）, incomplete silence （gene expressed only in some progenies） and new genes activation. Those silent genes mainly involved in RNA transcription, metabolism, disease resistance, signal transduction and unknown functions. The activated genes with known function were almost retroelements by cDNA-SCoT technique and all metabolisms by cDNA-HFO-TAG. These findings indicated that interspecific hybridization and ploidy change affected gene expression via genetic and epigenetic alterations immediately upon allopolyploid formation, and some obtained transcripts derived fragments （TDFs） probably could be used in the research of molecular mechanism of Arachis allopolyploidization which contribute to thwe genetic diploidization of newly formed allopolyploids. Our research is valuable for understanding of peanut evolution and improving the utilization of putative and beneficial genes from the wild peanut.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation Guangxi Province,China(0542027)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30660094).
文摘Fourteen wild species of different sections in the genus Arachis and 24 accessions of the AABB allotetraploid A. hypogaea （cultivated peanut） from several countries which belong to different botanical varieties, were analyzed by SSR and AFLP marker systems. The assay-units per system needed to distinguish among all the tested accessions were at least five for SSR or two for AFLP. The genetic distance detected by the SSR markers ranged from 0.09 to 0.95, and the mean was 0.73; and the genetic distance detected by the AFLP markers ranged from 0.01 to 0.79 with an average of 0.42. All the tested peanut SSR primer pairs were multilocus ones, and the amplified fragments per SSR marker in each peanut genome ranged from 2 to 15 with the mean of 4.77. The peanut cultivars were closely related to each other, and shared a large numbers of SSR and AFLP fragments. In contrast, the species in the genus Arachis shared few fragments. The results indicated that the cultivated peanut （A. hypogaea L.） varieties could be partitioned into two main groups and four subgroups at the molecular level, and that A. duranensis is one of the wild ancestors of A. hypogaea. The lowest genetic variation was detected between A. cardenasii and A. batizocoi, and the highest was detected between A. pintoi and the species in the section Arachis. The relationships among the botanical varieties in the cultivated peanut （A. hypogaea L.） and among wild species accessions in section Arachis and those in other sections in the genus Arachis were discussed.
文摘为提高华南区甘蔗间作花生的经济效益,研究不同氮磷钾配施对花生养分吸收及产量效益的影响。田间试验设置氮磷钾肥各4个水平梯度,比较氮磷钾不同配比的施肥对花生养分吸收和产量效益的影响。结果表明:氮磷肥施用量增加促进间作花生对氮磷养分的吸收,而钾肥施用过量会抑制花生对钾养分的吸收。开花下针期到荚果膨大期是间作花生干物质积累、吸收养分的关键时期。间作花生干物质累积量随氮磷钾肥施用量的增加而增加,每形成1000 g的干物质,就需要吸收同化17.7 g N、1.7 g P_(2)O_(5)和11.3 g K_(2)O,吸收比列为10.4∶1∶6.6(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O)。间作花生生产百千克荚果需吸收氮、磷、钾养分量分别在6.83~7.98 kg N、0.65~0.80 kg P_(2)O_(5)、4.10~5.32 kg K_(2)O之间。综上,华南区种植与甘蔗间作的花生,较优氮磷钾施肥配比为80 kg/hm^(2)N,70 kg/hm^(2)P_(2)O_(5),80~90 kg/hm^(2)K_(2)O,可提高花生产量和经济效益,以及养分吸收利用率。
文摘【目的】研究宽行丛式甘蔗间作花生模式的作物养分吸收利用以及增产效应,为其推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】设置宽行丛式甘蔗间作花生(IS+IP处理)、单作甘蔗(MS处理)和单作花生(MP处理)3种栽培模式,通过测定作物植株和土壤养分含量以及作物农艺性状等指标,分析比较3种栽培模式作物产量、植株和土壤养分含量差异。【结果】与MS处理相比,IS+IP处理显著增加甘蔗栽培土壤养分含量,其中有效氮增加18.2%~20.1%,有效磷增加17.8%~35.1%,有机质含量增加12.2%~38.8%;IS+IP处理的甘蔗植株全氮、全磷和全钾含量总体呈现出在花生开花下针期增加,结荚期和成熟期降低的趋势。相比MP处理,在花生各生育期IS+IP处理除了明显降低花生栽培土壤速效钾含量(降幅24.2%~47.2%),植株全氮(降幅5.6%~31.3%)和全钾含量(降幅12.8%~26.6%)外,对其他花生栽培土壤和植株养分含量无一致性增加或降低的效应。IS+IP模式表现出明显的间作优势,LER(土地当量比)值达到1.41,IS+IP处理甘蔗产量达91731.24 kg hm^(−2),较MS处理显著增产、增产幅度达18.3%,花生产量达到1642.70 kg hm^(−2)。【结论】IS+IP模式显著增加甘蔗栽培土壤养分含量以及甘蔗产量,并增加一季花生产量,是一种高效种植模式。
