In this paper,optical coherence tomography(OCT)and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)were used to characterize normal knee joint(NKJ)tissue and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)tissue ex vivo.OCT images show that there ...In this paper,optical coherence tomography(OCT)and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)were used to characterize normal knee joint(NKJ)tissue and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)tissue ex vivo.OCT images show that there is a clear hierarchical structure in NKJ tissue,including surface layer,transitional layer,radiation layer and cartilage matrix calcification layer tissue structure,while the hierarchical structure of KOA tissue is not clear and unevenly distributed,and the pathological tissues at different stages also show significant di®erences.SERS shows that NKJ tissue and mild osteoarthritic knee cartilage(MiKOA)tissue have strong characteristic Raman peaks at 964,1073(1086),1271,1305,1442,1660 and 1763 cm^(-1).Compared with the Raman spectrum of NKJ tissue,the Raman characteristic peaks of MiKOA tissue have some shifts,moving from 1073 cm^(-1)to 1086 cm^(-1)and from 1542 cm^(-1)to 1442 cm^(-1).There is a characteristic Raman peak of 1271 cm^(-1)in MiKOA tissue,but not in NKJ tissue.Compared with NKJ tissue,severely degenerated cartilage(SdKOA)tissues show some new SERS peaks at 1008,1245,1285,1311 and 1321 cm^(-1),which are not seen in SERS spectra of NKJ tissue.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to analyze the Raman spectra of 1245–1345 cm^(-1)region.The results show that PCA can distinguish NKJ,MiKOA and SdKOA tissues and the accuracy is about 90%.These results indicate that OCT can clearly distinguish NKJ,MiKOA,moderate osteoarthritic knee cartilage(MoKOA)and SdKOA tissue,while SERS can provide further judgment basis.The results also prove that the contents of protein and polysaccharide in knee tissue are changed during the pathological process of knee tissue,which is the cause of pain caused by poor friction in knee joint during movement.展开更多
Objective:To quantitatively detect the expression level of PRL-2 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Methods:Total RNA isolated from human HCC and liver tissue adjacent to...Objective:To quantitatively detect the expression level of PRL-2 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Methods:Total RNA isolated from human HCC and liver tissue adjacent to the tumor was reversely transcribed into cDNA.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(Q-PCR) method was used to analyze the expres-sion level of PRL-2 gene.Results:The Q-PCR method was performed successfully to precisely detect RNA level.PRL-2 was expressed in all portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT) and HCC,but only in some paratumor tissue.The highest expression level of PRL-2 gene was recorded in PVTT;meanwhile expression level of PRL-2 was higher than that in paratumor liver tis-sues and in HCC(P < 0.01),and it was higher in HCC than that in paratumor liver tissues.Conclusion:The Q-PCR may be the most precise method to quantitatively detect RNA level and can be used in gene expression changes.The PRL-2 gene has higher expression in PVTT than that in HCC and in paratumor liver tissue cells,indicating that it plays an important role in the development and metastasis of the HCC.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60778047,61335011,61275187,and 81071790in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant No.2016A030313370.
文摘In this paper,optical coherence tomography(OCT)and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)were used to characterize normal knee joint(NKJ)tissue and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)tissue ex vivo.OCT images show that there is a clear hierarchical structure in NKJ tissue,including surface layer,transitional layer,radiation layer and cartilage matrix calcification layer tissue structure,while the hierarchical structure of KOA tissue is not clear and unevenly distributed,and the pathological tissues at different stages also show significant di®erences.SERS shows that NKJ tissue and mild osteoarthritic knee cartilage(MiKOA)tissue have strong characteristic Raman peaks at 964,1073(1086),1271,1305,1442,1660 and 1763 cm^(-1).Compared with the Raman spectrum of NKJ tissue,the Raman characteristic peaks of MiKOA tissue have some shifts,moving from 1073 cm^(-1)to 1086 cm^(-1)and from 1542 cm^(-1)to 1442 cm^(-1).There is a characteristic Raman peak of 1271 cm^(-1)in MiKOA tissue,but not in NKJ tissue.Compared with NKJ tissue,severely degenerated cartilage(SdKOA)tissues show some new SERS peaks at 1008,1245,1285,1311 and 1321 cm^(-1),which are not seen in SERS spectra of NKJ tissue.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to analyze the Raman spectra of 1245–1345 cm^(-1)region.The results show that PCA can distinguish NKJ,MiKOA and SdKOA tissues and the accuracy is about 90%.These results indicate that OCT can clearly distinguish NKJ,MiKOA,moderate osteoarthritic knee cartilage(MoKOA)and SdKOA tissue,while SERS can provide further judgment basis.The results also prove that the contents of protein and polysaccharide in knee tissue are changed during the pathological process of knee tissue,which is the cause of pain caused by poor friction in knee joint during movement.
文摘Objective:To quantitatively detect the expression level of PRL-2 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Methods:Total RNA isolated from human HCC and liver tissue adjacent to the tumor was reversely transcribed into cDNA.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(Q-PCR) method was used to analyze the expres-sion level of PRL-2 gene.Results:The Q-PCR method was performed successfully to precisely detect RNA level.PRL-2 was expressed in all portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT) and HCC,but only in some paratumor tissue.The highest expression level of PRL-2 gene was recorded in PVTT;meanwhile expression level of PRL-2 was higher than that in paratumor liver tis-sues and in HCC(P < 0.01),and it was higher in HCC than that in paratumor liver tissues.Conclusion:The Q-PCR may be the most precise method to quantitatively detect RNA level and can be used in gene expression changes.The PRL-2 gene has higher expression in PVTT than that in HCC and in paratumor liver tissue cells,indicating that it plays an important role in the development and metastasis of the HCC.
