Aiming to ensure the consistency of quality control of Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs),a combination method of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),ultraviolet(UV),electrochemical(EC)was developed in this ...Aiming to ensure the consistency of quality control of Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs),a combination method of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),ultraviolet(UV),electrochemical(EC)was developed in this study to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Antiviral Mixture(AM),and Comprehensive Linear Quantification Fingerprint Method(CLQFM)was used to process the data.Quantitative analysis of three active substances in TCM was conducted.A fivewavelength fusion fingerprint(FWFF)was developed,using second-order derivatives of UV spectral data to differentiate sample levels effectively.The combination of HPLC and UV spectrophotometry,along with electrochemical fingerprinting(ECFP),successfully evaluated total active substances.Ultimately,a multidimensional profiling analytical system for TCM was developed.展开更多
Spectral quantitative fingerprinting including ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) coupled with combustion heat (CH) analytical techniques was employed and compared for rapid screening quality grad...Spectral quantitative fingerprinting including ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) coupled with combustion heat (CH) analytical techniques was employed and compared for rapid screening quality grade and discriminating San-Huang Tablets (SHT) of different commercial brands. The systematic quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) was applied to evaluate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the quality consistency of the herbal preparation. It was possible to deduce that the quantitative similarity analysis by SQFM was enabled to make a good discrimination of the tested samples. It was a particularly useful method for the overall quality evaluation of herbal medicine and their preparations.展开更多
The aim of this study was to develop comprehensive evaluation methods for the quality control of Ginseng Yang Rong Wan(RSYRW).Multi-wavelength fusion fingerprints were successfully developed by high-performance liquid...The aim of this study was to develop comprehensive evaluation methods for the quality control of Ginseng Yang Rong Wan(RSYRW).Multi-wavelength fusion fingerprints were successfully developed by high-performance liquid chromatography,which avoided the one-sidedness of single fingerprinting.Characteristic fingerprints of thirty batches of samples were generated at five wavelengths and evaluated by quantified ratio fingerprint method(QRFM).The results showed that thirty batches of samples were classified into seven grades.The methods established in this paper were found suitable for the analysis of Ginseng Yang Rong Wan.展开更多
A quantitative evaluation method for the quality consistency of Bupleurum chinense DC. was developed by combining multiwavelength fusion fingerprint with chemometric methods. The fingerprint information of Bupleurum a...A quantitative evaluation method for the quality consistency of Bupleurum chinense DC. was developed by combining multiwavelength fusion fingerprint with chemometric methods. The fingerprint information of Bupleurum at five wavelengths (210, 254, 265, 280 and 320 nm) collected by HPLC-DAD instrument was fused to overall control its quality. The fusion fingerprints and four components (saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d, rutin, quercitrin) were studied by systematic quantitative fingerprint method and principal component analysis, respectively. Besides, fingerprint-efficacy relationship was constructed in vitro using partial least-squares model. In conclusion, all work can serve as a valid reference for the quality control of Bupleurum .展开更多
Compound Liangmianzhen buccal tablet is a drug that exhibits notable effect on cough and diphtheria.Since the accessory has been changed,along with the difficulties in traditional Chinese drug-evaluation,it is imperat...Compound Liangmianzhen buccal tablet is a drug that exhibits notable effect on cough and diphtheria.Since the accessory has been changed,along with the difficulties in traditional Chinese drug-evaluation,it is imperative to set up a reliable method to evaluate the drug and ensure the quality consistency.First,the content of the Compound Liangmianzhen buccal tablets reflected by fingerprints were evaluated by the comprehensive linearly quantified fingerprint method and systematic quantified fingerprint method,in which thirteen fingerprint peaks was selected and gallic acid was chosen as the reference peak.The results of the two methods showed all batches in grades 1–3 of above good level with the qualitative similarities of Sl and Sm above 0.90,and the quantitative ones of Pl%and Pm%from 80%–120%,indicating all samples far qualified.Second,the measurement of antioxidant effect based on DPPH free radical clearance test has demonstrated the consistency between the old prescription group and the new ones and further dug up the major antioxidant compositions.Third,dissolution profiles at 190 to 400 nm that evaluate the curative effect consistency were evaluated by f2 and the correlation of the dissolution curve.In conclusion,the combination of 3 kinds of analysis methods can comprehensively assess the quality of the traditional Chinese drug and be served as a routine procedure to evaluate the herbal medicine consistency.展开更多
With the sustainable development of precision agriculture and the steady progress of variable-rate fertilization technology,the centrifugal variable-rate fertilizer spreader has attracted research attention due to its...With the sustainable development of precision agriculture and the steady progress of variable-rate fertilization technology,the centrifugal variable-rate fertilizer spreader has attracted research attention due to its lower incidence of crush damage,high efficiency,and low cost.To improve fertilization accuracy and uniformity,spreading performance tests were conducted using this spreader in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 5690 and ASAE S341.2,in which particle mass was weighed in a two-dimensional matrix of collection boxes.The effects of fertilization strategies that control the feed gate flow rate and the disc rotation speed on particle distribution,and application rate per unit area and effective swath width,were investigated.A variable-rate fertilization model was developed by analyzing the variation characteristics resulting from an increasing and decreasing application rate,and field experiments were conducted to verify its accuracy.The results indicated that when the feed gate flow rate was 300 g/s,the mean application rate was 26.47 g,the standard deviation is 2.81,and the coefficient of variation of particle distribution is at its minimum value of 14.25%.When the disc rotation speed was 600 r/min,the fertilizer was most evenly distributed with a coefficient of variation of 13.86%,and an average effective spreader swath width of 24.51 m.The proposed variable-rate fertilization model showed a high fitting degree with an S-shaped function curve for both increasing and decreasing distribution rates and the yielding coefficients of determination were more than 0.82 and 0.71,respectively.The average error between the model predictions and the test results was 9.47%,and the coefficients of determination for the increasing and decreasing distribution rates were 0.91 and 0.82,respectively,which confirmed the accuracy of the proposed variable-rate fertilization model.This investigation provided a theoretical basis for traditional empirical fertilization using centrifugal variable-rate fertilizer spreaders,and guides the selection of a multiple trajectory,variable-rate fertilization strategy.展开更多
Pseudospark discharge is a low-pressure high-voltage pulsed discharge with hollow electrodes,and the overall discharge experiences several distinctive sub-phases.The instability phenomena,characterised by the sudden o...Pseudospark discharge is a low-pressure high-voltage pulsed discharge with hollow electrodes,and the overall discharge experiences several distinctive sub-phases.The instability phenomena,characterised by the sudden oscillations or distortions of discharge voltage and current,restrict the applications of pseudospark discharge.This study presents an investigation into phase transitions and instabilities in pseudospark discharge by combining the evidences from multiple discharge waveforms,time-resolved images,electron beam current profiles,2D kinetic simulation results,and the spectral line emission of cathode material.The process of a normal pseudospark discharge is firstly discussed,and the threshold conditions of the transition from the superdense glow discharge(SGD)phase to the high current phase with arc cathode spots are addressed.According to temporal profiles and voltage-current characteristics,two types and four occurrences of instabilities are distinguished:type Ⅰ—in the pre-breakdown phase;type Ⅱ-1—in the SGD phase;type Ⅱ-2—in the transition of cathode spots propagating from cathode hole edge to cathode plane;type Ⅱ-3—in the re-initiation of spots near current reversal.It is found that the instability of type Ⅰ is caused by the stepwise penetration of virtual anode plasma,and type Ⅱ is closely related to the cyclic nature and finite lifetime of cathode spots.It is induced by the fact that the decay of cathode spots is faster than the formation under certain conditions,and the existing spots are not able to provide the current required by the external circuit.Important features and the suppression methods of the instabilities are discussed based on the proposed mechanisms.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81573586).
文摘Aiming to ensure the consistency of quality control of Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs),a combination method of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),ultraviolet(UV),electrochemical(EC)was developed in this study to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Antiviral Mixture(AM),and Comprehensive Linear Quantification Fingerprint Method(CLQFM)was used to process the data.Quantitative analysis of three active substances in TCM was conducted.A fivewavelength fusion fingerprint(FWFF)was developed,using second-order derivatives of UV spectral data to differentiate sample levels effectively.The combination of HPLC and UV spectrophotometry,along with electrochemical fingerprinting(ECFP),successfully evaluated total active substances.Ultimately,a multidimensional profiling analytical system for TCM was developed.
文摘Spectral quantitative fingerprinting including ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) coupled with combustion heat (CH) analytical techniques was employed and compared for rapid screening quality grade and discriminating San-Huang Tablets (SHT) of different commercial brands. The systematic quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) was applied to evaluate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the quality consistency of the herbal preparation. It was possible to deduce that the quantitative similarity analysis by SQFM was enabled to make a good discrimination of the tested samples. It was a particularly useful method for the overall quality evaluation of herbal medicine and their preparations.
文摘The aim of this study was to develop comprehensive evaluation methods for the quality control of Ginseng Yang Rong Wan(RSYRW).Multi-wavelength fusion fingerprints were successfully developed by high-performance liquid chromatography,which avoided the one-sidedness of single fingerprinting.Characteristic fingerprints of thirty batches of samples were generated at five wavelengths and evaluated by quantified ratio fingerprint method(QRFM).The results showed that thirty batches of samples were classified into seven grades.The methods established in this paper were found suitable for the analysis of Ginseng Yang Rong Wan.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Accession no. 81573586, 90612002).
文摘A quantitative evaluation method for the quality consistency of Bupleurum chinense DC. was developed by combining multiwavelength fusion fingerprint with chemometric methods. The fingerprint information of Bupleurum at five wavelengths (210, 254, 265, 280 and 320 nm) collected by HPLC-DAD instrument was fused to overall control its quality. The fusion fingerprints and four components (saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d, rutin, quercitrin) were studied by systematic quantitative fingerprint method and principal component analysis, respectively. Besides, fingerprint-efficacy relationship was constructed in vitro using partial least-squares model. In conclusion, all work can serve as a valid reference for the quality control of Bupleurum .
基金This research work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Accession No.81573586,No.90612002).
文摘Compound Liangmianzhen buccal tablet is a drug that exhibits notable effect on cough and diphtheria.Since the accessory has been changed,along with the difficulties in traditional Chinese drug-evaluation,it is imperative to set up a reliable method to evaluate the drug and ensure the quality consistency.First,the content of the Compound Liangmianzhen buccal tablets reflected by fingerprints were evaluated by the comprehensive linearly quantified fingerprint method and systematic quantified fingerprint method,in which thirteen fingerprint peaks was selected and gallic acid was chosen as the reference peak.The results of the two methods showed all batches in grades 1–3 of above good level with the qualitative similarities of Sl and Sm above 0.90,and the quantitative ones of Pl%and Pm%from 80%–120%,indicating all samples far qualified.Second,the measurement of antioxidant effect based on DPPH free radical clearance test has demonstrated the consistency between the old prescription group and the new ones and further dug up the major antioxidant compositions.Third,dissolution profiles at 190 to 400 nm that evaluate the curative effect consistency were evaluated by f2 and the correlation of the dissolution curve.In conclusion,the combination of 3 kinds of analysis methods can comprehensively assess the quality of the traditional Chinese drug and be served as a routine procedure to evaluate the herbal medicine consistency.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by National Key Project of Research and Development Program(Grant No.2016YFD0200600-2016YFD0200602-4)Projects funded from special funds of the National Modern Agricultural Industry and Technology System(Grant No.CARS-14-Mechanized equipment).
文摘With the sustainable development of precision agriculture and the steady progress of variable-rate fertilization technology,the centrifugal variable-rate fertilizer spreader has attracted research attention due to its lower incidence of crush damage,high efficiency,and low cost.To improve fertilization accuracy and uniformity,spreading performance tests were conducted using this spreader in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 5690 and ASAE S341.2,in which particle mass was weighed in a two-dimensional matrix of collection boxes.The effects of fertilization strategies that control the feed gate flow rate and the disc rotation speed on particle distribution,and application rate per unit area and effective swath width,were investigated.A variable-rate fertilization model was developed by analyzing the variation characteristics resulting from an increasing and decreasing application rate,and field experiments were conducted to verify its accuracy.The results indicated that when the feed gate flow rate was 300 g/s,the mean application rate was 26.47 g,the standard deviation is 2.81,and the coefficient of variation of particle distribution is at its minimum value of 14.25%.When the disc rotation speed was 600 r/min,the fertilizer was most evenly distributed with a coefficient of variation of 13.86%,and an average effective spreader swath width of 24.51 m.The proposed variable-rate fertilization model showed a high fitting degree with an S-shaped function curve for both increasing and decreasing distribution rates and the yielding coefficients of determination were more than 0.82 and 0.71,respectively.The average error between the model predictions and the test results was 9.47%,and the coefficients of determination for the increasing and decreasing distribution rates were 0.91 and 0.82,respectively,which confirmed the accuracy of the proposed variable-rate fertilization model.This investigation provided a theoretical basis for traditional empirical fertilization using centrifugal variable-rate fertilizer spreaders,and guides the selection of a multiple trajectory,variable-rate fertilization strategy.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021M700320National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:51777163。
文摘Pseudospark discharge is a low-pressure high-voltage pulsed discharge with hollow electrodes,and the overall discharge experiences several distinctive sub-phases.The instability phenomena,characterised by the sudden oscillations or distortions of discharge voltage and current,restrict the applications of pseudospark discharge.This study presents an investigation into phase transitions and instabilities in pseudospark discharge by combining the evidences from multiple discharge waveforms,time-resolved images,electron beam current profiles,2D kinetic simulation results,and the spectral line emission of cathode material.The process of a normal pseudospark discharge is firstly discussed,and the threshold conditions of the transition from the superdense glow discharge(SGD)phase to the high current phase with arc cathode spots are addressed.According to temporal profiles and voltage-current characteristics,two types and four occurrences of instabilities are distinguished:type Ⅰ—in the pre-breakdown phase;type Ⅱ-1—in the SGD phase;type Ⅱ-2—in the transition of cathode spots propagating from cathode hole edge to cathode plane;type Ⅱ-3—in the re-initiation of spots near current reversal.It is found that the instability of type Ⅰ is caused by the stepwise penetration of virtual anode plasma,and type Ⅱ is closely related to the cyclic nature and finite lifetime of cathode spots.It is induced by the fact that the decay of cathode spots is faster than the formation under certain conditions,and the existing spots are not able to provide the current required by the external circuit.Important features and the suppression methods of the instabilities are discussed based on the proposed mechanisms.
