How to completely remove the water from ionic liquids(ILs)is difficult for researchers because of the hygroscopicity of ILs.In order to study the hygroscopicity of ILs,two kinds of ILs,1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexa...How to completely remove the water from ionic liquids(ILs)is difficult for researchers because of the hygroscopicity of ILs.In order to study the hygroscopicity of ILs,two kinds of ILs,1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([Bmim][PF6])and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)([Bmim][NTf_(2)])were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations.Although[Bmim][PF6]and[Bmim][NTf_(2)]are hydrophobic,both of the ILs could absorb water molecules from the vapor.In this work,the process of absorbing water from the vapor phase was studied,and the water molecules could disperse into the IL.Aggregation was observed with increasing the water concentration.Although the absorbed water increases obviously,the amount of free water and small cluster in the ILs does not change significantly and always stays at a certain level.The amount of free water and small cluster in[Bmim][PF6]is more than that in[Bmim][NTf_(2)],which is consistent with their hydrophobicity.In addition,the liquid-vacuum and liquid–liquid interfaces of the ILs were simulated and analyzed in detail.The number density distribution and angle distribution indicated that[Bmim]+cations arrangement regularly at the IL-vacuum interface.The butyl chain point to the vacuum,while the imidazlium ring is close to the IL phase region and perpendicular to the interface.While at the IL-water interface,the cations and anions are disordered.展开更多
Infection by foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV) is triggered by the acidic pH in endosomes after virus uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis. However, dissociation of the FMDV 146S particle in mildly acidic conditio...Infection by foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV) is triggered by the acidic pH in endosomes after virus uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis. However, dissociation of the FMDV 146S particle in mildly acidic conditions renders inactivated foot-and-mouth disease(FMD) vaccines much less effective. Type Asia1 FMDV mutants with increased resistance to acid inactivation were selected to study the molecular basis of viral resistance to acid-induced disassembly and improve the acid stability of FMDV. Sequencing of capsid-coding regions revealed four amino acid replacements(VP1 N17D, VP2 H145Y, VP2 G192D, and VP3 K153E) in the viral population of the acid-selected 10th passage. We performed single or combined mutagenesis using a reverse genetic system, and our results provide direct experimental evidence that VP2 H145Y or VP1 N17D substitution confers an acid-resistant phenotype to type Asia1 FMDV.展开更多
To address the problem of network security situation assessment in the Industrial Internet,this paper adopts the evidential reasoning(ER)algorithm and belief rule base(BRB)method to establish an assessment model.First...To address the problem of network security situation assessment in the Industrial Internet,this paper adopts the evidential reasoning(ER)algorithm and belief rule base(BRB)method to establish an assessment model.First,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the Industrial Internet and selects evaluation indicators that contain not only quantitative data but also qualitative knowledge.Second,the evaluation indicators are fused with expert knowledge and the ER algorithm.According to the fusion results,a network security situation assessment model of the Industrial Internet based on the ER and BRB method is established,and the projection covariance matrix adaptive evolution strategy(P-CMA-ES)is used to optimize the model parameters.This method can not only utilize semiquantitative information effectively but also use more uncertain information and prevent the problem of combinatorial explosion.Moreover,it solves the problem of the uncertainty of expert knowledge and overcomes the problem of low modeling accuracy caused by insufficient data.Finally,a network security situation assessment case of the Industrial Internet is analyzed to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the method.The research results showthat this method has strong applicability to the network security situation assessment of complex Industrial Internet systems.It can accurately reflect the actual network security situation of Industrial Internet systems and provide safe and reliable suggestions for network administrators to take timely countermeasures,thereby improving the risk monitoring and emergency response capabilities of the Industrial Internet.展开更多
Rice stripe mosaic virus(RSMV)is an emerging pathogen which significantly reduces rice yields in the southern region of China.It is transmitted by the leafhopper Recilia dorsalis,which overwinters in rice fields.Our f...Rice stripe mosaic virus(RSMV)is an emerging pathogen which significantly reduces rice yields in the southern region of China.It is transmitted by the leafhopper Recilia dorsalis,which overwinters in rice fields.Our field investigations revealed that RSMV infection causes delayed rice heading,resulting in a large number of green diseased plants remaining in winter rice fields.This creates a favorable environment for leafhoppers and viruses to overwinter,potentially contributing to the rapid spread and epidemic of the disease.Next,we explored the mechanism by which RSMV manipulates the developmental processes of the rice plant.A rice heading‐related E3 ubiquitin ligase,Heading date Associated Factor 1(HAF1),was found to be hijacked by the RSMV‐encoded P6.The impairment of HAF1 function affects the ubiquitination and degradation of downstream proteins,HEADING DATE 1 and EARLY FLOWERING3,leading to a delay in rice heading.Our results provide new insights into the development regulation‐based molecular interactions between virus and plant,and highlights the importance of understanding virus‐vector‐plant tripartite interactions for effective disease management strategies.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the“expiration manager”mini program in managing the validity of ward items.The program was used to manage frequently and infrequently used consumables...The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the“expiration manager”mini program in managing the validity of ward items.The program was used to manage frequently and infrequently used consumables by setting up an automatic reminder function.The item failure rate and the time required for nurses to conduct counts over 6 months before and after implementation were compared,as well as evaluated system availability using the System Usability scale(SUS).Results showed that after implementing the mini program,both the item failure rate and non-recognition rate significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the inspection pass rate significantly increased(P<0.05),and the monthly inventory time was reduced(P<0.05).The SUS evaluation yielded a total score of 74.38±11.73,with learnability at 80.21±20.27 and availability at 72.92±11.18,all indicating good user acceptance.In conclusion,the“expiration manager”mini program can effectively improve the efficiency of item expiration management,reduce the risk of expiration,and save inspection time,thereby demonstrating high user acceptance and promising potential for wider adoption.展开更多
Arthropod-borne viruses cause serious threats to human health and global agriculture by rapidly spreading via insect vectors. Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is the most damaging rice-infecting virus...Arthropod-borne viruses cause serious threats to human health and global agriculture by rapidly spreading via insect vectors. Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is the most damaging rice-infecting virus that is frequently transmitted by planthoppers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its propagation in the host plants and epidemics in the field are largely unknown. Here, we showed that the SRBSDV-encoded P6 protein is a key effector that regulates rice ethylene signaling to coordinate viral infection and transmission. In early SRBSDV infection, P6 interacts with OsRTH2 in the cytoplasm to activate ethylene signaling and enhance SRBSDV proliferation;this also repels the insect vector to reduce infestation. In late infection, P6 enters the nucleus, where it interacts with OsEIL2, a key transcription factor of ethylene signaling. The P6-OsEIL2 interaction suppresses ethylene signaling by preventing the dimerization of OsEIL2, thereby facilitating viral transmission by attracting the insect vector. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which an arbovirus modulates the host defense system to promote viral infection and transmission.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(21722610)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909091)。
文摘How to completely remove the water from ionic liquids(ILs)is difficult for researchers because of the hygroscopicity of ILs.In order to study the hygroscopicity of ILs,two kinds of ILs,1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([Bmim][PF6])and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)([Bmim][NTf_(2)])were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations.Although[Bmim][PF6]and[Bmim][NTf_(2)]are hydrophobic,both of the ILs could absorb water molecules from the vapor.In this work,the process of absorbing water from the vapor phase was studied,and the water molecules could disperse into the IL.Aggregation was observed with increasing the water concentration.Although the absorbed water increases obviously,the amount of free water and small cluster in the ILs does not change significantly and always stays at a certain level.The amount of free water and small cluster in[Bmim][PF6]is more than that in[Bmim][NTf_(2)],which is consistent with their hydrophobicity.In addition,the liquid-vacuum and liquid–liquid interfaces of the ILs were simulated and analyzed in detail.The number density distribution and angle distribution indicated that[Bmim]+cations arrangement regularly at the IL-vacuum interface.The butyl chain point to the vacuum,while the imidazlium ring is close to the IL phase region and perpendicular to the interface.While at the IL-water interface,the cations and anions are disordered.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 31101801)
文摘Infection by foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV) is triggered by the acidic pH in endosomes after virus uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis. However, dissociation of the FMDV 146S particle in mildly acidic conditions renders inactivated foot-and-mouth disease(FMD) vaccines much less effective. Type Asia1 FMDV mutants with increased resistance to acid inactivation were selected to study the molecular basis of viral resistance to acid-induced disassembly and improve the acid stability of FMDV. Sequencing of capsid-coding regions revealed four amino acid replacements(VP1 N17D, VP2 H145Y, VP2 G192D, and VP3 K153E) in the viral population of the acid-selected 10th passage. We performed single or combined mutagenesis using a reverse genetic system, and our results provide direct experimental evidence that VP2 H145Y or VP1 N17D substitution confers an acid-resistant phenotype to type Asia1 FMDV.
基金supported by the Provincial Universities Basic Business Expense Scientific Research Projects of Heilongjiang Province(No.2021-KYYWF-0179)the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(No.212102310991)+2 种基金the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Integrated Administration Technologies for Information Security(No.AGK2015003)the Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Province(No.21A413001)the Postgraduate Innovation Project of Harbin Normal University(No.HSDSSCX2021-121).
文摘To address the problem of network security situation assessment in the Industrial Internet,this paper adopts the evidential reasoning(ER)algorithm and belief rule base(BRB)method to establish an assessment model.First,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the Industrial Internet and selects evaluation indicators that contain not only quantitative data but also qualitative knowledge.Second,the evaluation indicators are fused with expert knowledge and the ER algorithm.According to the fusion results,a network security situation assessment model of the Industrial Internet based on the ER and BRB method is established,and the projection covariance matrix adaptive evolution strategy(P-CMA-ES)is used to optimize the model parameters.This method can not only utilize semiquantitative information effectively but also use more uncertain information and prevent the problem of combinatorial explosion.Moreover,it solves the problem of the uncertainty of expert knowledge and overcomes the problem of low modeling accuracy caused by insufficient data.Finally,a network security situation assessment case of the Industrial Internet is analyzed to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the method.The research results showthat this method has strong applicability to the network security situation assessment of complex Industrial Internet systems.It can accurately reflect the actual network security situation of Industrial Internet systems and provide safe and reliable suggestions for network administrators to take timely countermeasures,thereby improving the risk monitoring and emergency response capabilities of the Industrial Internet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222071,32072388)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1304400)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515110363,2022A1515010770,2023A1515012030)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Program(2023B03J1313).
文摘Rice stripe mosaic virus(RSMV)is an emerging pathogen which significantly reduces rice yields in the southern region of China.It is transmitted by the leafhopper Recilia dorsalis,which overwinters in rice fields.Our field investigations revealed that RSMV infection causes delayed rice heading,resulting in a large number of green diseased plants remaining in winter rice fields.This creates a favorable environment for leafhoppers and viruses to overwinter,potentially contributing to the rapid spread and epidemic of the disease.Next,we explored the mechanism by which RSMV manipulates the developmental processes of the rice plant.A rice heading‐related E3 ubiquitin ligase,Heading date Associated Factor 1(HAF1),was found to be hijacked by the RSMV‐encoded P6.The impairment of HAF1 function affects the ubiquitination and degradation of downstream proteins,HEADING DATE 1 and EARLY FLOWERING3,leading to a delay in rice heading.Our results provide new insights into the development regulation‐based molecular interactions between virus and plant,and highlights the importance of understanding virus‐vector‐plant tripartite interactions for effective disease management strategies.
基金The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University,China(Project No.:23FY1015)。
文摘The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the“expiration manager”mini program in managing the validity of ward items.The program was used to manage frequently and infrequently used consumables by setting up an automatic reminder function.The item failure rate and the time required for nurses to conduct counts over 6 months before and after implementation were compared,as well as evaluated system availability using the System Usability scale(SUS).Results showed that after implementing the mini program,both the item failure rate and non-recognition rate significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the inspection pass rate significantly increased(P<0.05),and the monthly inventory time was reduced(P<0.05).The SUS evaluation yielded a total score of 74.38±11.73,with learnability at 80.21±20.27 and availability at 72.92±11.18,all indicating good user acceptance.In conclusion,the“expiration manager”mini program can effectively improve the efficiency of item expiration management,reduce the risk of expiration,and save inspection time,thereby demonstrating high user acceptance and promising potential for wider adoption.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871928,31671993)the Guangdong Special Branch Plan for Young Talent with Scientific and Technological Innovation(2019TQ05N158)+2 种基金the Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou(201906010093)the Research and Development Project in Major Fields of Guangdong(2019B020238001)the Guangdong Provincial Innovation Team for General Key Technologies in Modern Agricultural Industry(2019KJ133).
文摘Arthropod-borne viruses cause serious threats to human health and global agriculture by rapidly spreading via insect vectors. Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is the most damaging rice-infecting virus that is frequently transmitted by planthoppers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its propagation in the host plants and epidemics in the field are largely unknown. Here, we showed that the SRBSDV-encoded P6 protein is a key effector that regulates rice ethylene signaling to coordinate viral infection and transmission. In early SRBSDV infection, P6 interacts with OsRTH2 in the cytoplasm to activate ethylene signaling and enhance SRBSDV proliferation;this also repels the insect vector to reduce infestation. In late infection, P6 enters the nucleus, where it interacts with OsEIL2, a key transcription factor of ethylene signaling. The P6-OsEIL2 interaction suppresses ethylene signaling by preventing the dimerization of OsEIL2, thereby facilitating viral transmission by attracting the insect vector. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which an arbovirus modulates the host defense system to promote viral infection and transmission.
