Members of the genus Astragalus have a great interest as a source of natural bioactive compounds on a scientific platform.To provide multidirectional insights into three Astragalus species(A.setulosus,A.anthylloides,a...Members of the genus Astragalus have a great interest as a source of natural bioactive compounds on a scientific platform.To provide multidirectional insights into three Astragalus species(A.setulosus,A.anthylloides,and A.ovalis),the current work focused on the chemical characterization and biological properties of their extracts(aerial parts and roots).The chemical characterization of the extracts was detected by HPLC-MS/MS analysis.The biological properties were evaluated by antioxidant,enzyme inhibitory,and cytotoxic parameters.Assays for radical quenching,reducing capacity,and metal chelation were also used to evaluate antioxidant properties.To test the enzyme inhibitory effects of the extracts,cholinesterases,tyrosinase,α-amylase,andα-glucosidase were utilized as target enzymes.Two cancer cell lines,(MCF-7(human breast cancer cell line)and HeLa(Human cervix cancer cell line),were selected to evaluate cytotoxic effects.Generally,5-caffeoylquinic acid(2.43-283.92μg/g extract),hyperoside(4.33-216.22μg/g extract)and rutin(1.09-184.98μg/g extract)were the main constituents.The extracts from aerial parts and roots of A.anthylloides showed stronger radical scavenging and reducing power abilities compared to A.setulosus and A.ovalis.The best AChE and BChE inhibitory effects were determined in the aerial parts of A.setulosus(2.18 mg GALAE/g)and roots of A.ovalis(4.76 mg GALAE/g),respectively.The extracts of A.ovalis had the highest tyrosinase inhibitory abilities.The extract from aerial parts of A.setulosus showed stronger cytotoxic effects compared to other extracts.Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that the presence of some compounds(resveratrol,p-coumaric,5-caffeoylquinic,and ferulic acids,etc)was linked to the observed biological activities.Molecular docking was also provided for the possible interaction of enzymes as well as protein targets of the tested cell lines.Our findings provide a scientific basis for the Astragalus species,which may serve as a source of naturally occurring bioactive compounds for health-promoting applications.展开更多
Agaricus bisporus mushrooms contain high levels of ergosterol(3–8 mg/g dw),which can be converted into vitamin D_(2)(VD2)under ultraviolet irradiation(UV).However,the photoconversion of ergosterol can also lead to th...Agaricus bisporus mushrooms contain high levels of ergosterol(3–8 mg/g dw),which can be converted into vitamin D_(2)(VD2)under ultraviolet irradiation(UV).However,the photoconversion of ergosterol can also lead to the production of inactive photoisomers decreasing the production yield of VD2.This study assesses the impact of UV irradiation conditions on the conversion of ergosterol into vitamin D2.The effects of various parameters were tested including the mushroom form(powder,extract,suspension),irradiation time(0–240 min),temperature(20–40℃),intensity(0.16–0.48 mW/cm^(2)),and agitation during UV-C irradiation.The mushroom extract was the most suitable mushroom form for VD_(2) production.Beyond VD_(2),other photoisomers(tachysterol and lumisterol),were detected through HPLC-APCI-MS and their levels increased with deep and prolonged irradiation.The highest VD_(2) levels(0.95–1.03 mg/g dw)were obtained by irradiating mushroom extracts with an intensity of 0.31 mW/cm^(2) for 10 min.These results highlight the potential of mushrooms for VD_(2) production through UV-C irradiation,which is accompanied by the formation of biologically-active photo-isomers.展开更多
Grape pomace contains high amounts of bioactive compounds,mainly polyphenols,with different concentrations depending on several factors:grape variety,vinification procedures,even within the same cultivar variation may...Grape pomace contains high amounts of bioactive compounds,mainly polyphenols,with different concentrations depending on several factors:grape variety,vinification procedures,even within the same cultivar variation may be due to the geographic regions and wine vintage.Therefore,phenolic,antioxidant,macro-and micro-nutritional composition of wine waste(pomace and seed)originating from Lacrima di Morro d’Alba red grape variety and pomace of Verdicchio white variety were evaluated for the first time.LC-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of 32 phenolic compounds.The phenolic profile was different in pomace of both varieties:white grape pomaces showed the predominance of flavan-3-ols,while anthocyanins were predominant in red pomaces.Comparing seeds and pomace of Lacrima di Morro d’Alba,catechin and epicatechin are representative com-pounds in red grape seeds,while malvidin-3-galactoside and petunidin-3-glucoside are the most abundant compounds in pomace of all wineries.Highest TPC and antioxidant activities determined by UV-vis spectro-photometer were observed in seed samples.High dietary fibers,polyunsaturated fatty acids,minerals and protein contents were observed in all samples.Wine byproducts of both grape varieties appeared to be a good source of phenolic and nutritional compounds;therefore,they could be a cheap alternative for phenolics production and development of new functional foods.展开更多
Leaves from Vitis vinifera L.represent the less studied and valorized wastes of grape crops and the winery industry.This study aims thus to perform for the first time a deepened assessment of the bioactive compounds i...Leaves from Vitis vinifera L.represent the less studied and valorized wastes of grape crops and the winery industry.This study aims thus to perform for the first time a deepened assessment of the bioactive compounds in grapevine leaves.The detailed composition of main phytochemicals involved in the high antioxidant of grape leaves(2.20 g TE/100 g)was determined including carotenoids(lutein,β-carotene),tocopherols(αandɣ-tocopherol),polyphenols(phenolics acids,flavonoids),and phytosterols(β-sitosterol).In particular,high levels of lutein(0.3–1.0 g/kg)andα-tocopherol(0.2–1.2 g/kg)were observed.Moreover,the evolution of bioactive compounds during 7 harvesting times from July to October was also studied showing that the content of phytochemicals fluctuates according to the development stage of grape leaves.Phytosterols for example reached their highest levels in leaves in the later stage of maturation(T6–T7)with values around 169±40 mg/kg.展开更多
Coffee arabica L.is an economical crop cultivated in many countries including Yemen.The present study evaluated the phytochemical contents of the methanolic extracts,prepared by maceration,of six Yemeni green coffee b...Coffee arabica L.is an economical crop cultivated in many countries including Yemen.The present study evaluated the phytochemical contents of the methanolic extracts,prepared by maceration,of six Yemeni green coffee beans varieties namely Esmaeli,Hamadi,Harazi,Mattari,Odaini and Yafei.Antioxidant(phosphomolybdenum,antiradical,reducing power and ferrous chelating),and enzyme inhibition activity of the extracts against acetylcholinesterase butyrylcholinesterase,tyrosinase,α-glucosidase,andα-amylase were also studied.Quantification of total phenols revealed that all green beans varieties were richer in their total polyphenolic(63.77-110.98 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of extract)content than their flavonoids one(2.86-5.57 mg rutin equivalent per g of extract).HPLC-MS/MS analysis of 30 selected bioactive compounds showed that all varieties had the same types of phytoconstituents with differences in their relative abundance.Caffeine(1613.89-2466.38μg/g)followed by 5-caffeoylquinic acid(1017.63-1313.39μg/g)were the dominant compounds in all varieties with caffeine more abundant in Esmaeli variety while 5-caffeoylquinic acid in Odaini variety.All varieties displayed a pronounced antioxidant property in all the in vitro assays with Odaini variety significantly(p<0.05)exerted the highest anti-DPPH radicals(253.96 mg Trolox equivalent(TE)/g),metal chelating(19.73 mg Disodium edetate equivalents/g),Cu^(2+)(441.11 mg TE/g)and Fe3+(221.04 mg TE/g)reducing activities.Furthermore,the majority of green coffee beans varieties showed comparable enzyme inhibition property with highest activity recorded against tyrosinase(39.35-46.96 mg kojic acid equivalents/g)and acetylcholinesterase(1.80-2.17 mg galanthamine equivalents/g)enzymes.In conclusion,all Yemeni green coffee beans varieties have proven to be rich source of biochemicals with beneficial impact on human health and could be of significant applications in food,pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry.展开更多
文摘Members of the genus Astragalus have a great interest as a source of natural bioactive compounds on a scientific platform.To provide multidirectional insights into three Astragalus species(A.setulosus,A.anthylloides,and A.ovalis),the current work focused on the chemical characterization and biological properties of their extracts(aerial parts and roots).The chemical characterization of the extracts was detected by HPLC-MS/MS analysis.The biological properties were evaluated by antioxidant,enzyme inhibitory,and cytotoxic parameters.Assays for radical quenching,reducing capacity,and metal chelation were also used to evaluate antioxidant properties.To test the enzyme inhibitory effects of the extracts,cholinesterases,tyrosinase,α-amylase,andα-glucosidase were utilized as target enzymes.Two cancer cell lines,(MCF-7(human breast cancer cell line)and HeLa(Human cervix cancer cell line),were selected to evaluate cytotoxic effects.Generally,5-caffeoylquinic acid(2.43-283.92μg/g extract),hyperoside(4.33-216.22μg/g extract)and rutin(1.09-184.98μg/g extract)were the main constituents.The extracts from aerial parts and roots of A.anthylloides showed stronger radical scavenging and reducing power abilities compared to A.setulosus and A.ovalis.The best AChE and BChE inhibitory effects were determined in the aerial parts of A.setulosus(2.18 mg GALAE/g)and roots of A.ovalis(4.76 mg GALAE/g),respectively.The extracts of A.ovalis had the highest tyrosinase inhibitory abilities.The extract from aerial parts of A.setulosus showed stronger cytotoxic effects compared to other extracts.Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that the presence of some compounds(resveratrol,p-coumaric,5-caffeoylquinic,and ferulic acids,etc)was linked to the observed biological activities.Molecular docking was also provided for the possible interaction of enzymes as well as protein targets of the tested cell lines.Our findings provide a scientific basis for the Astragalus species,which may serve as a source of naturally occurring bioactive compounds for health-promoting applications.
基金grateful to the Marche Region(Italy)for the financial support for this research project(Project:FPI400060 Assegno COVID19 RM)to Lavermicocca Funghi Spa(Macerata,Italy)for providing mushrooms.
文摘Agaricus bisporus mushrooms contain high levels of ergosterol(3–8 mg/g dw),which can be converted into vitamin D_(2)(VD2)under ultraviolet irradiation(UV).However,the photoconversion of ergosterol can also lead to the production of inactive photoisomers decreasing the production yield of VD2.This study assesses the impact of UV irradiation conditions on the conversion of ergosterol into vitamin D2.The effects of various parameters were tested including the mushroom form(powder,extract,suspension),irradiation time(0–240 min),temperature(20–40℃),intensity(0.16–0.48 mW/cm^(2)),and agitation during UV-C irradiation.The mushroom extract was the most suitable mushroom form for VD_(2) production.Beyond VD_(2),other photoisomers(tachysterol and lumisterol),were detected through HPLC-APCI-MS and their levels increased with deep and prolonged irradiation.The highest VD_(2) levels(0.95–1.03 mg/g dw)were obtained by irradiating mushroom extracts with an intensity of 0.31 mW/cm^(2) for 10 min.These results highlight the potential of mushrooms for VD_(2) production through UV-C irradiation,which is accompanied by the formation of biologically-active photo-isomers.
基金funded by GAL“Colli Esini San Vicino”under PIANO DI SVILUPPO LOCALE 2014-2020,BANDO MISURA 19.2.16.2:Attivazione di progetti di innovazione tra imprese e mondo della ricerca e della consulenza nei settori“smart”.
文摘Grape pomace contains high amounts of bioactive compounds,mainly polyphenols,with different concentrations depending on several factors:grape variety,vinification procedures,even within the same cultivar variation may be due to the geographic regions and wine vintage.Therefore,phenolic,antioxidant,macro-and micro-nutritional composition of wine waste(pomace and seed)originating from Lacrima di Morro d’Alba red grape variety and pomace of Verdicchio white variety were evaluated for the first time.LC-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of 32 phenolic compounds.The phenolic profile was different in pomace of both varieties:white grape pomaces showed the predominance of flavan-3-ols,while anthocyanins were predominant in red pomaces.Comparing seeds and pomace of Lacrima di Morro d’Alba,catechin and epicatechin are representative com-pounds in red grape seeds,while malvidin-3-galactoside and petunidin-3-glucoside are the most abundant compounds in pomace of all wineries.Highest TPC and antioxidant activities determined by UV-vis spectro-photometer were observed in seed samples.High dietary fibers,polyunsaturated fatty acids,minerals and protein contents were observed in all samples.Wine byproducts of both grape varieties appeared to be a good source of phenolic and nutritional compounds;therefore,they could be a cheap alternative for phenolics production and development of new functional foods.
文摘Leaves from Vitis vinifera L.represent the less studied and valorized wastes of grape crops and the winery industry.This study aims thus to perform for the first time a deepened assessment of the bioactive compounds in grapevine leaves.The detailed composition of main phytochemicals involved in the high antioxidant of grape leaves(2.20 g TE/100 g)was determined including carotenoids(lutein,β-carotene),tocopherols(αandɣ-tocopherol),polyphenols(phenolics acids,flavonoids),and phytosterols(β-sitosterol).In particular,high levels of lutein(0.3–1.0 g/kg)andα-tocopherol(0.2–1.2 g/kg)were observed.Moreover,the evolution of bioactive compounds during 7 harvesting times from July to October was also studied showing that the content of phytochemicals fluctuates according to the development stage of grape leaves.Phytosterols for example reached their highest levels in leaves in the later stage of maturation(T6–T7)with values around 169±40 mg/kg.
基金The authors are thankful to the research supporting project number(RSP-2021/86),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Coffee arabica L.is an economical crop cultivated in many countries including Yemen.The present study evaluated the phytochemical contents of the methanolic extracts,prepared by maceration,of six Yemeni green coffee beans varieties namely Esmaeli,Hamadi,Harazi,Mattari,Odaini and Yafei.Antioxidant(phosphomolybdenum,antiradical,reducing power and ferrous chelating),and enzyme inhibition activity of the extracts against acetylcholinesterase butyrylcholinesterase,tyrosinase,α-glucosidase,andα-amylase were also studied.Quantification of total phenols revealed that all green beans varieties were richer in their total polyphenolic(63.77-110.98 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of extract)content than their flavonoids one(2.86-5.57 mg rutin equivalent per g of extract).HPLC-MS/MS analysis of 30 selected bioactive compounds showed that all varieties had the same types of phytoconstituents with differences in their relative abundance.Caffeine(1613.89-2466.38μg/g)followed by 5-caffeoylquinic acid(1017.63-1313.39μg/g)were the dominant compounds in all varieties with caffeine more abundant in Esmaeli variety while 5-caffeoylquinic acid in Odaini variety.All varieties displayed a pronounced antioxidant property in all the in vitro assays with Odaini variety significantly(p<0.05)exerted the highest anti-DPPH radicals(253.96 mg Trolox equivalent(TE)/g),metal chelating(19.73 mg Disodium edetate equivalents/g),Cu^(2+)(441.11 mg TE/g)and Fe3+(221.04 mg TE/g)reducing activities.Furthermore,the majority of green coffee beans varieties showed comparable enzyme inhibition property with highest activity recorded against tyrosinase(39.35-46.96 mg kojic acid equivalents/g)and acetylcholinesterase(1.80-2.17 mg galanthamine equivalents/g)enzymes.In conclusion,all Yemeni green coffee beans varieties have proven to be rich source of biochemicals with beneficial impact on human health and could be of significant applications in food,pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry.
