Drug discovery and development affects various aspects of human health and dramatically impacts the pharmaceutical market.However,investments in a new drug often go unrewarded due to the long and complex process of dr...Drug discovery and development affects various aspects of human health and dramatically impacts the pharmaceutical market.However,investments in a new drug often go unrewarded due to the long and complex process of drug research and development(R&D).With the advancement of experimental technology and computer hardware,artificial intelligence(AI)has recently emerged as a leading tool in analyzing abundant and high-dimensional data.Explosive growth in the size of biomedical data provides advantages in applying AI in all stages of drug R&D.Driven by big data in biomedicine,AI has led to a revolution in drug R&D,due to its ability to discover new drugs more efficiently and at lower cost.This review begins with a brief overview of common AI models in the field of drug discovery;then,it summarizes and discusses in depth their specific applications in various stages of drug R&D,such as target discovery,drug discovery and design,preclinical research,automated drug synthesis,and influences in the pharmaceutical market.Finally,the major limitations of AI in drug R&D are fully discussed and possible solutions are proposed.展开更多
The rapid growth of the demand for carbon nanotubes(CNTs) has greatly promoted their large-scale synthesis and development. However,the continuous production of CNT fibers by floating catalyst chemical vapor depositio...The rapid growth of the demand for carbon nanotubes(CNTs) has greatly promoted their large-scale synthesis and development. However,the continuous production of CNT fibers by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition(FCCVD) requires a large amount of non-renewable carbon sources. Here, the continuous production of highly graphitized CNT yarns from biomass tannic acid(TA) is reported. The chelation of TA and catalyst promotes the rapid cracking of biomass into carbon source gas, and the pyrolysis cracking produces the reducing gas, which solves the problems of the continuous production of CNT yarns using biomass. Through simple twisting, the mechanical strength of CNT yarn can reach 886 ± 46 MPa, and the electrical conductivity and graphitization(IG/ID) can reach 2 × 10^(5)S m^(-1)and 6.3, respectively. This work presents a promising solution for the continuous preparation of CNT yarns based on green raw material.展开更多
Neurological disorders have always been a threat to human physical and mental health nowadays,which are closely related to the nonregeneration of neurons in the nervous system(NS).The damage to the NS is currently dif...Neurological disorders have always been a threat to human physical and mental health nowadays,which are closely related to the nonregeneration of neurons in the nervous system(NS).The damage to the NS is currently difficult to repair using conventional therapies,such as surgery and medication.Therefore,repairing the damaged NS has always been a vast challenge in the area of neurology.Tissue engineering(TE),which integrates the cell biology and materials science to reconstruct or repair organs and tissues,has widespread applications in bone,periodontal tissue defects,skin repairs,and corneal transplantation.Recently,tremendous advances have been made in TE regarding neuroscience.In this review,we summarize TE’s recent progress in neuroscience,including pathological mechanisms of various neurological disorders,the concepts and classification of TE,and the most recent development of TE in neuroscience.Lastly,we prospect the future directions and unresolved problems of TE in neuroscience.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries can potentially outperform state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries,but their further development is hindered by challenges,such as poor electrical conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulf...Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries can potentially outperform state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries,but their further development is hindered by challenges,such as poor electrical conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulfide,shuttle phenomena of lithium polysulfides,and uneven distribution of solid reaction products.Herein,free-standing carbon nanofibers embedded with oxygen-deficient titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiO_(2-x)/CNFs)has been fabricated by a facile electrospinning method,which can support active electrode materials without the need for conductive carbon and binders.By carefully controlling the calcination temperature,a mixed phase of rutile and anatase was achieved in the TiO_(2-x)nanoparticles.The hybridization of anatase/rutile TiO_(2-x)and the oxygen vacancy in TiO_(2-x)play a crucial role in enhancing the conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),mitigating the shuttle effect of LiPSs,and enhancing the overall efficiency of the Li–S battery system.Additionally,the free-standing TiO_(2-x)/CNFs facilitate uniform deposition of reaction products during cycling,as confirmed by synchrotron X-ray imaging.As a result of these advantageous features,the TiO_(2-x)/CNFs-based cathode demonstrates an initial specific discharge capacity of 787.4 mAh g^(−1)at 0.5 C in the Li–S coin cells,and a final specific discharge capacity of 584.0 mAh g^(−1) after 300 cycles.Furthermore,soft-packaged Li–S pouch cells were constructed using the TiO_(2-x)/CNFs-based cathode,exhibiting excellent mechanical properties at different bending states.This study presents an innovative approach to developing free-standing sulfur host materials that are well suited for flexible Li–S batteries as well as for various other energy applications.展开更多
Oral drug delivery,which requires surviving the harsh environment in the gastrointestinal(Gl)tract and penetrating the intestinal epithelium,has not bee n achieved using simple formulatio n nan oparticles(NPs).Medici ...Oral drug delivery,which requires surviving the harsh environment in the gastrointestinal(Gl)tract and penetrating the intestinal epithelium,has not bee n achieved using simple formulatio n nan oparticles(NPs).Medici nal natural products(MNPs)have bee n widely used in traditi onal medicine for disease management through oral consumption.However,most pharmacologically active compounds within MNPs do not have the properties suitable for oral applicatio ns.We hypothesize that some MNPs contain n atural nano materials that can convert those compounds into oral formulations by forming NPs.After screening 66 MNPs,we identified five classes of small molecules that form NPs,many of which are capable of efficient drug encapsulation and Gl penetration.We show that one of them,dehydrotrametenolic acid(DTA),is capable of mediating oral delivery for effective disease treatment.We determined that DTA NPs assemble through hydrogen bonding and penetra怕the Gl tract via apical sodium-depe ndent bile acid tran sporter.Our study reveals a no vel class of single comp orient,small molecule-assembled NPs for oral drug delivery,and suggests a n ovel approach to modernizi ng MNPs through nano material discovery.展开更多
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LR21H300001)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3400501)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22220102001,U1909208,81872798,and 81825020)Leading Talent of the“Ten Thousand Plan”-National High-Level Talents Special Support Plan of ChinaFundamental Research Fund of Central University(2018QNA7023)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2020C03010)“Double Top-Class”University(181201*194232101)。
文摘Drug discovery and development affects various aspects of human health and dramatically impacts the pharmaceutical market.However,investments in a new drug often go unrewarded due to the long and complex process of drug research and development(R&D).With the advancement of experimental technology and computer hardware,artificial intelligence(AI)has recently emerged as a leading tool in analyzing abundant and high-dimensional data.Explosive growth in the size of biomedical data provides advantages in applying AI in all stages of drug R&D.Driven by big data in biomedicine,AI has led to a revolution in drug R&D,due to its ability to discover new drugs more efficiently and at lower cost.This review begins with a brief overview of common AI models in the field of drug discovery;then,it summarizes and discusses in depth their specific applications in various stages of drug R&D,such as target discovery,drug discovery and design,preclinical research,automated drug synthesis,and influences in the pharmaceutical market.Finally,the major limitations of AI in drug R&D are fully discussed and possible solutions are proposed.
基金the support from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20JC1414900)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A20257)+1 种基金the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (20XD1433700)the International Cooperation Fund of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20520740800)。
文摘The rapid growth of the demand for carbon nanotubes(CNTs) has greatly promoted their large-scale synthesis and development. However,the continuous production of CNT fibers by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition(FCCVD) requires a large amount of non-renewable carbon sources. Here, the continuous production of highly graphitized CNT yarns from biomass tannic acid(TA) is reported. The chelation of TA and catalyst promotes the rapid cracking of biomass into carbon source gas, and the pyrolysis cracking produces the reducing gas, which solves the problems of the continuous production of CNT yarns using biomass. Through simple twisting, the mechanical strength of CNT yarn can reach 886 ± 46 MPa, and the electrical conductivity and graphitization(IG/ID) can reach 2 × 10^(5)S m^(-1)and 6.3, respectively. This work presents a promising solution for the continuous preparation of CNT yarns based on green raw material.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0909900)Zhejiang Province“Kunpeng Action”Plan to Z.G.,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173142)+1 种基金the Startup Packages of Zhejiang University to Z.G.Competing interes ts:Z.G.is the cofounder of Zenomics Inc.,Zencapsule Inc.,Lizen Inc.,Wskin Inc.,ZCapsule Inc.All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
文摘Neurological disorders have always been a threat to human physical and mental health nowadays,which are closely related to the nonregeneration of neurons in the nervous system(NS).The damage to the NS is currently difficult to repair using conventional therapies,such as surgery and medication.Therefore,repairing the damaged NS has always been a vast challenge in the area of neurology.Tissue engineering(TE),which integrates the cell biology and materials science to reconstruct or repair organs and tissues,has widespread applications in bone,periodontal tissue defects,skin repairs,and corneal transplantation.Recently,tremendous advances have been made in TE regarding neuroscience.In this review,we summarize TE’s recent progress in neuroscience,including pathological mechanisms of various neurological disorders,the concepts and classification of TE,and the most recent development of TE in neuroscience.Lastly,we prospect the future directions and unresolved problems of TE in neuroscience.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0909900)to Gu Z,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52233013)to Gu Zthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173142)to Li Hthe grants from the Startup Package of Zhejiang University to Gu Z and Li H.
基金funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.This article is funded by China Scholarship Council,202006630007Ping Feng,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,LK1702。
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries can potentially outperform state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries,but their further development is hindered by challenges,such as poor electrical conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulfide,shuttle phenomena of lithium polysulfides,and uneven distribution of solid reaction products.Herein,free-standing carbon nanofibers embedded with oxygen-deficient titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiO_(2-x)/CNFs)has been fabricated by a facile electrospinning method,which can support active electrode materials without the need for conductive carbon and binders.By carefully controlling the calcination temperature,a mixed phase of rutile and anatase was achieved in the TiO_(2-x)nanoparticles.The hybridization of anatase/rutile TiO_(2-x)and the oxygen vacancy in TiO_(2-x)play a crucial role in enhancing the conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),mitigating the shuttle effect of LiPSs,and enhancing the overall efficiency of the Li–S battery system.Additionally,the free-standing TiO_(2-x)/CNFs facilitate uniform deposition of reaction products during cycling,as confirmed by synchrotron X-ray imaging.As a result of these advantageous features,the TiO_(2-x)/CNFs-based cathode demonstrates an initial specific discharge capacity of 787.4 mAh g^(−1)at 0.5 C in the Li–S coin cells,and a final specific discharge capacity of 584.0 mAh g^(−1) after 300 cycles.Furthermore,soft-packaged Li–S pouch cells were constructed using the TiO_(2-x)/CNFs-based cathode,exhibiting excellent mechanical properties at different bending states.This study presents an innovative approach to developing free-standing sulfur host materials that are well suited for flexible Li–S batteries as well as for various other energy applications.
基金This work was supported by NIH(Nos.NS095817(J.Z.)and 18TPA34170180(J.Z.))the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.31770614(C.M.),21233003(L.F.),and 21573019(L.F.)).
文摘Oral drug delivery,which requires surviving the harsh environment in the gastrointestinal(Gl)tract and penetrating the intestinal epithelium,has not bee n achieved using simple formulatio n nan oparticles(NPs).Medici nal natural products(MNPs)have bee n widely used in traditi onal medicine for disease management through oral consumption.However,most pharmacologically active compounds within MNPs do not have the properties suitable for oral applicatio ns.We hypothesize that some MNPs contain n atural nano materials that can convert those compounds into oral formulations by forming NPs.After screening 66 MNPs,we identified five classes of small molecules that form NPs,many of which are capable of efficient drug encapsulation and Gl penetration.We show that one of them,dehydrotrametenolic acid(DTA),is capable of mediating oral delivery for effective disease treatment.We determined that DTA NPs assemble through hydrogen bonding and penetra怕the Gl tract via apical sodium-depe ndent bile acid tran sporter.Our study reveals a no vel class of single comp orient,small molecule-assembled NPs for oral drug delivery,and suggests a n ovel approach to modernizi ng MNPs through nano material discovery.
