在各种贸易谈判和关于贸易开放的争论中,就业问题一直是最为重要的议题之一。随着中国对外贸易的发展,中国贸易开放对他国就业影响的实证研究大量涌现,其中较为著名的是Autor et al.(2013)在AER发表的文章中提出的“中国综合症”,认为...在各种贸易谈判和关于贸易开放的争论中,就业问题一直是最为重要的议题之一。随着中国对外贸易的发展,中国贸易开放对他国就业影响的实证研究大量涌现,其中较为著名的是Autor et al.(2013)在AER发表的文章中提出的“中国综合症”,认为中国的出口显著降低了美国制造业部门的就业率。然而我们通过收集这一领域的大量文献并采用新型文献综述工具元分析方法对文献进行研究,发现现有文献对于中国贸易开放的他国就业效应究竟是正面还是负面是存在差异的。研究国别、研究行业、样本数据的观测年份、研究作者的学术国籍等都是导致研究结论相悖的重要因素。元分析主要结果显示:(1)中国的出口在对亚洲国家的就业有更为显著的促进作用的基础上,中国出口对美国和欧洲并没有显示更为显著的负效应;(2)只有当论文作者全为美国人的时候才得到更为显著的负面影响;(3)中国的出口在非制造业部门的研究中发现了显著的就业促进效应;(4)中国的中间品出口也显著提高了其他国家的就业。另外,在控制文献研究差异和发表偏倚现象后,结果仍然稳健。展开更多
Foreign direct investment （FDI） can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the perform...Foreign direct investment （FDI） can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the performance of domestic firms through backward and forward supplier- customer relationships. The spillover effects are mainly from large multinational enterprises and are greater for state-owned firms and in poor regions. Our results are robust for both parametric regression and nonparametric matching techniques. Our findings have strong policy implications： while regulations relating to building business relationships with domestic firms when seeking foreign direct investment should be established, such policies should be aimed at private firms, big multinationals and less developed regions.展开更多
During the COVID-19 pandemic,countries applied trade restrictions to insulate their domestic markets from the world market.However,these trade policies could have amplified international market price fluctuations.This...During the COVID-19 pandemic,countries applied trade restrictions to insulate their domestic markets from the world market.However,these trade policies could have amplified international market price fluctuations.This paper explores the effects of trade restrictions on international agricultural price volatility.A theoretical model is developed to quantify how trade policies amplify the initial shock.Using panel data covering 71 countries from January 2020 to July 2021,we examine empirically the effects of trade policies on world agricultural price volatility.The results show that trade distortions further induced volatility of world agricultural prices by around 22 percent during the COVID-19 pandemic.The multiplier effects are much more substantial in agricultural exporting countries than in importing countries.Large countries like China and the US could make significant contributions to stabilizing world prices by limiting the extent of unilateral trade policy interventions.展开更多
This paper investigates the relationship between labor quality and inward foreign direct investment （FDI） distribution in China using a large sample of Chinese cross-sectionaL firm-level data, with comprehensive inf...This paper investigates the relationship between labor quality and inward foreign direct investment （FDI） distribution in China using a large sample of Chinese cross-sectionaL firm-level data, with comprehensive information about labor quality. The paper finds that labor quality measured by education level plays an important role in deciding the distribution of inward FDL but labor quality measured by working certifieates loses its significance using non-parametric matching techniques and the instrumental variables and generalized method of moments technique. The author also finds that labor quality has a more significant impact on other foreign investments than Hong Kong-invested, Maeau-invested and Taiwan- invested firms. The impacts of labor quality on inward FDI are found to be strongly uneven across industries andprovinces. Therefore, China shouldpay more attention to the education of employees in all foreign-invested firms, and invest more in education to improve labor quality, which will help China to attract more FDI, especially technology-intensive FDI展开更多
This paper evaluates the effects of the Home Appliances Going to the Countryside (HAGC) policy, afiscal subsidy program implemented in China to boost private consumption of home appliances in rural areas from 2007 to ...This paper evaluates the effects of the Home Appliances Going to the Countryside (HAGC) policy, afiscal subsidy program implemented in China to boost private consumption of home appliances in rural areas from 2007 to 2012. Using the policy as anatural experiment and employing the difference-in-difference estimator, we find that the policy did not increase domestic sales of relevant goods as expected;instead, it actually reduced domestic sales and significantly promoted exports. These surprising results are robust across regressions of alternative datasets, more controls, and different regions. We further provide detailed information of undisclosed audit data for acounty in Zhejiang province to shed light on the underlying mechanism of such unexpected results, suggesting loopholes in the HAGC and changes in export tax rebate rates.展开更多
文摘在各种贸易谈判和关于贸易开放的争论中,就业问题一直是最为重要的议题之一。随着中国对外贸易的发展,中国贸易开放对他国就业影响的实证研究大量涌现,其中较为著名的是Autor et al.(2013)在AER发表的文章中提出的“中国综合症”,认为中国的出口显著降低了美国制造业部门的就业率。然而我们通过收集这一领域的大量文献并采用新型文献综述工具元分析方法对文献进行研究,发现现有文献对于中国贸易开放的他国就业效应究竟是正面还是负面是存在差异的。研究国别、研究行业、样本数据的观测年份、研究作者的学术国籍等都是导致研究结论相悖的重要因素。元分析主要结果显示:(1)中国的出口在对亚洲国家的就业有更为显著的促进作用的基础上,中国出口对美国和欧洲并没有显示更为显著的负效应;(2)只有当论文作者全为美国人的时候才得到更为显著的负面影响;(3)中国的出口在非制造业部门的研究中发现了显著的就业促进效应;(4)中国的中间品出口也显著提高了其他国家的就业。另外,在控制文献研究差异和发表偏倚现象后,结果仍然稳健。
基金financial support from the Fulbright Scholarship and the Graduate Academic Research and Innovation Foundation of the University of International Business and Economics(Project:A20110122)
文摘Foreign direct investment （FDI） can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the performance of domestic firms through backward and forward supplier- customer relationships. The spillover effects are mainly from large multinational enterprises and are greater for state-owned firms and in poor regions. Our results are robust for both parametric regression and nonparametric matching techniques. Our findings have strong policy implications： while regulations relating to building business relationships with domestic firms when seeking foreign direct investment should be established, such policies should be aimed at private firms, big multinationals and less developed regions.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71903198)the Basic Research Funds for the Central Universities,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law(No.2722020JCT022)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71773148 and 72073128).
文摘During the COVID-19 pandemic,countries applied trade restrictions to insulate their domestic markets from the world market.However,these trade policies could have amplified international market price fluctuations.This paper explores the effects of trade restrictions on international agricultural price volatility.A theoretical model is developed to quantify how trade policies amplify the initial shock.Using panel data covering 71 countries from January 2020 to July 2021,we examine empirically the effects of trade policies on world agricultural price volatility.The results show that trade distortions further induced volatility of world agricultural prices by around 22 percent during the COVID-19 pandemic.The multiplier effects are much more substantial in agricultural exporting countries than in importing countries.Large countries like China and the US could make significant contributions to stabilizing world prices by limiting the extent of unilateral trade policy interventions.
文摘This paper investigates the relationship between labor quality and inward foreign direct investment （FDI） distribution in China using a large sample of Chinese cross-sectionaL firm-level data, with comprehensive information about labor quality. The paper finds that labor quality measured by education level plays an important role in deciding the distribution of inward FDL but labor quality measured by working certifieates loses its significance using non-parametric matching techniques and the instrumental variables and generalized method of moments technique. The author also finds that labor quality has a more significant impact on other foreign investments than Hong Kong-invested, Maeau-invested and Taiwan- invested firms. The impacts of labor quality on inward FDI are found to be strongly uneven across industries andprovinces. Therefore, China shouldpay more attention to the education of employees in all foreign-invested firms, and invest more in education to improve labor quality, which will help China to attract more FDI, especially technology-intensive FDI
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.71703180 and 71603297)Faqin Lin acknowledges the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71773148).
文摘This paper evaluates the effects of the Home Appliances Going to the Countryside (HAGC) policy, afiscal subsidy program implemented in China to boost private consumption of home appliances in rural areas from 2007 to 2012. Using the policy as anatural experiment and employing the difference-in-difference estimator, we find that the policy did not increase domestic sales of relevant goods as expected;instead, it actually reduced domestic sales and significantly promoted exports. These surprising results are robust across regressions of alternative datasets, more controls, and different regions. We further provide detailed information of undisclosed audit data for acounty in Zhejiang province to shed light on the underlying mechanism of such unexpected results, suggesting loopholes in the HAGC and changes in export tax rebate rates.
