Missing data presents a significant challenge in statistical analysis and machine learning, often resulting in biased outcomes and diminished efficiency. This comprehensive review investigates various imputation techn...Missing data presents a significant challenge in statistical analysis and machine learning, often resulting in biased outcomes and diminished efficiency. This comprehensive review investigates various imputation techniques, categorizing them into three primary approaches: deterministic methods, probabilistic models, and machine learning algorithms. Traditional techniques, including mean or mode imputation, regression imputation, and last observation carried forward, are evaluated alongside more contemporary methods such as multiple imputation, expectation-maximization, and deep learning strategies. The strengths and limitations of each approach are outlined. Key considerations for selecting appropriate methods, based on data characteristics and research objectives, are discussed. The importance of evaluating imputation’s impact on subsequent analyses is emphasized. This synthesis of recent advancements and best practices provides researchers with a robust framework for effectively handling missing data, thereby improving the reliability of empirical findings across diverse disciplines.展开更多
With the increase of energy consumption worldwide in several domains such as industry,education,and transportation,several technologies played an influential role in energy conservation such as the Internet of Things(I...With the increase of energy consumption worldwide in several domains such as industry,education,and transportation,several technologies played an influential role in energy conservation such as the Internet of Things(IoT).In this article,we describe the design and implementation of an IoT-based energy conser-vation smart classroom system that contributes to energy conservation in the edu-cation domain.The proposed system not only allows the user to access and control IoT devices(e.g.,lights,projectors,and air conditions)in real-time,it also has the capability to aggregate the estimated energy consumption of an IoT device,the smart classroom,and the building based on the energy consumption and cost model that we propose.Moreover,the proposed model aggregates the estimated energy cost according to the Saudi Electricity Company(SEC)rates.Furthermore,the model aggregates in real-time the estimated energy conservation percentage and estimated money-saving percentage compared to data collected when the system wasn't used.The feasibility and benefits of our system have been validated on a real-world scenario which is a classroom in the college of computer science and engineering,Taibah University,Yanbu branch.The results of the experimental studies are promising in energy conservation and cost-saving when using our proposed system.展开更多
This paper has proposed a new methodology extracting stability classes of field association words depending on automatically power link analysis to enhance the precision of decision tree. In this paper, we have studie...This paper has proposed a new methodology extracting stability classes of field association words depending on automatically power link analysis to enhance the precision of decision tree. In this paper, we have studied the effects of the time variation based on the frequencies of specific words called field association words that connected to documents using power link in a specific period. The stability classes have referred to the popularity of field association words based on the change of time in a given period. The new approach has evaluated by conducting experiments simulating results of 1575 files (about 5.16 MB). Based on these experiments, it has turned out that, the F-measure for ascending, stable and descending classes have achieved 93.6%, 99.8% and 75.7%, respectively. These results mean that F-measure was increasing by 12%, 4% and 34% than traditional methods because of the power link analysis.展开更多
Development and implementation of pilgrims (Hajj) Guide application to be used at Hajj season would facilitate follow-up of campaign supervisors on their campaign’s safety and location. The systems would also allow H...Development and implementation of pilgrims (Hajj) Guide application to be used at Hajj season would facilitate follow-up of campaign supervisors on their campaign’s safety and location. The systems would also allow Hajj and Umrah administration to manage the crowd of the campaigns in an easy manner. In this paper, we propose Android/iPhone application that allows Hajj administration to monitor pilgrims using Quick Response Codes. Using quick response code application allows campaign supervisors and Hajj and Umrah employees to monitor pilgrims and guide them in case of getting lost. The application offers an easier and faster service than traditional approach used at Hajj season by human guidance. It is a very convenient service that would relief stresses of pilgrim’s relatives who worry about their relatives performing Hajj. The results show that the average score of our approach (QR) is 4.72 out of 5 comparing with traditional mobile applications indicating that the users are feeling enjoyable while using the new application features and the system is easy to use. Finally, the systems would assist in achieving the highest degree of pilgrims safety at Hajj season.展开更多
文摘Missing data presents a significant challenge in statistical analysis and machine learning, often resulting in biased outcomes and diminished efficiency. This comprehensive review investigates various imputation techniques, categorizing them into three primary approaches: deterministic methods, probabilistic models, and machine learning algorithms. Traditional techniques, including mean or mode imputation, regression imputation, and last observation carried forward, are evaluated alongside more contemporary methods such as multiple imputation, expectation-maximization, and deep learning strategies. The strengths and limitations of each approach are outlined. Key considerations for selecting appropriate methods, based on data characteristics and research objectives, are discussed. The importance of evaluating imputation’s impact on subsequent analyses is emphasized. This synthesis of recent advancements and best practices provides researchers with a robust framework for effectively handling missing data, thereby improving the reliability of empirical findings across diverse disciplines.
文摘With the increase of energy consumption worldwide in several domains such as industry,education,and transportation,several technologies played an influential role in energy conservation such as the Internet of Things(IoT).In this article,we describe the design and implementation of an IoT-based energy conser-vation smart classroom system that contributes to energy conservation in the edu-cation domain.The proposed system not only allows the user to access and control IoT devices(e.g.,lights,projectors,and air conditions)in real-time,it also has the capability to aggregate the estimated energy consumption of an IoT device,the smart classroom,and the building based on the energy consumption and cost model that we propose.Moreover,the proposed model aggregates the estimated energy cost according to the Saudi Electricity Company(SEC)rates.Furthermore,the model aggregates in real-time the estimated energy conservation percentage and estimated money-saving percentage compared to data collected when the system wasn't used.The feasibility and benefits of our system have been validated on a real-world scenario which is a classroom in the college of computer science and engineering,Taibah University,Yanbu branch.The results of the experimental studies are promising in energy conservation and cost-saving when using our proposed system.
文摘This paper has proposed a new methodology extracting stability classes of field association words depending on automatically power link analysis to enhance the precision of decision tree. In this paper, we have studied the effects of the time variation based on the frequencies of specific words called field association words that connected to documents using power link in a specific period. The stability classes have referred to the popularity of field association words based on the change of time in a given period. The new approach has evaluated by conducting experiments simulating results of 1575 files (about 5.16 MB). Based on these experiments, it has turned out that, the F-measure for ascending, stable and descending classes have achieved 93.6%, 99.8% and 75.7%, respectively. These results mean that F-measure was increasing by 12%, 4% and 34% than traditional methods because of the power link analysis.
文摘Development and implementation of pilgrims (Hajj) Guide application to be used at Hajj season would facilitate follow-up of campaign supervisors on their campaign’s safety and location. The systems would also allow Hajj and Umrah administration to manage the crowd of the campaigns in an easy manner. In this paper, we propose Android/iPhone application that allows Hajj administration to monitor pilgrims using Quick Response Codes. Using quick response code application allows campaign supervisors and Hajj and Umrah employees to monitor pilgrims and guide them in case of getting lost. The application offers an easier and faster service than traditional approach used at Hajj season by human guidance. It is a very convenient service that would relief stresses of pilgrim’s relatives who worry about their relatives performing Hajj. The results show that the average score of our approach (QR) is 4.72 out of 5 comparing with traditional mobile applications indicating that the users are feeling enjoyable while using the new application features and the system is easy to use. Finally, the systems would assist in achieving the highest degree of pilgrims safety at Hajj season.
