In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in higher-order topological phases(HOTPs)across various disciplines within the field of physics.These unique phases are characterized by their ability to harbor topol...In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in higher-order topological phases(HOTPs)across various disciplines within the field of physics.These unique phases are characterized by their ability to harbor topological protected boundary states at lower-dimensional boundaries,a distinguishing feature that sets them apart from conventional topological phases and is attributed to the higher-order bulk-boundary correspondence.Two-dimensional(2D)twisted systems offer an optimal platform for investigating HOTPs,owing to their strong controllability and experimental feasibility.Here,we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research advancements on HOTPs in 2D twisted multilayer systems.We will mainly review the HOTPs in electronic,magnonic,acoustic,photonic and mechanical twisted systems,and finally provide a perspective of this topic.展开更多
Topological Dirac semimetals are a parent state from which other exotic topological phases of matter, such as Weyl semimetals and topological insulators, can emerge. In this study, we investigate a Dirac semimetal pos...Topological Dirac semimetals are a parent state from which other exotic topological phases of matter, such as Weyl semimetals and topological insulators, can emerge. In this study, we investigate a Dirac semimetal possessing sixfold rotational symmetry and hosting higher-order topological hinge Fermi arc states, which is irradiated by circularly polarized light. Our findings reveal that circularly polarized light splits each Dirac node into a pair of Weyl nodes due to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry, resulting in the realization of the Weyl semimetal phase. This Weyl semimetal phase exhibits rich boundary states, including two-dimensional surface Fermi arc states and hinge Fermi arc states confined to six hinges.Furthermore, by adjusting the incident direction of the circularly polarized light, we can control the degree of tilt of the resulting Weyl cones, enabling the realization of different types of Weyl semimetals.展开更多
This review summarizes the latest progress in orthopedic nanotechnology,ex-plores innovative applications of nanofibers in tendon repair,and evaluates the potential of selenium and cerium oxide nanoparticles in osteoa...This review summarizes the latest progress in orthopedic nanotechnology,ex-plores innovative applications of nanofibers in tendon repair,and evaluates the potential of selenium and cerium oxide nanoparticles in osteoarthritis and osteo-blast differentiation.This review also describes the emerging applications of inje-ctable hydrogels in cartilage engineering,emphasizing the critical role of inter-disciplinary research and highlighting the challenges and future prospects of in-tegrating nanotechnology into orthopedic clinical practice.This comprehensive approach provides a holistic perspective on the transformative impact of nanote-chnology in orthopedics,offering valuable insights for future research and clinical applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND However,the connection between smoking and the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer remains unclear.AIM To determine whether smoking is linked to the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer.METHOD...BACKGROUND However,the connection between smoking and the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer remains unclear.AIM To determine whether smoking is linked to the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer.METHODS As of July 20,2022,relevant English-language research was identified by searching PubMed,the Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library.We pooled the available data from the included studies using a random effects model.Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted.RESULTS A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis.The combined analysis revealed that tobacco exposure was associated with a significantly greater recurrence rate than nonsmoking status[odd ratios(OR)=1.76,95%CI:1.84-2.93],and the progression of bladder cancer was significantly greater in smokers than in nonsmokers(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.02-1.44).Stratified analysis further revealed that current smokers were more likely to experience relapse than never-smokers were(OR=1.85,95%CI:1.11-3.07).Former smokers also had a greater risk of relapse than did never-smokers(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.09-2.73).Subgroup analysis indicated that non-Caucasians may be more susceptible to bladder cancer recurrence than Caucasians are(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.74-2.61).CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed that tobacco exposure may be a significant risk factor for both the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer.展开更多
AIM： To explore the existence and distribution of prohibitin （PHB） in nuclear matrix and its co-localization with products of some related genes during the differentiation of human hepatocarcinoma SNMC-7721 cells. ...AIM： To explore the existence and distribution of prohibitin （PHB） in nuclear matrix and its co-localization with products of some related genes during the differentiation of human hepatocarcinoma SNMC-7721 cells. METHODS： The nuclear matrix of the SMMC-7721 cells cultured with or without 5 × 10^-3 mmol/L hexamethylene bisacetamide （HNBA） was selectively extracted. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of PHB in nuclear matrix; immunofluorescence microscope observation was used to analyze the distribution of PHB in cell. LCSM was used to observe the co-localization of PHB with products of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. RESULTS： Western blot analysis showed that PHB existed in the composition of nuclear matrix proteins and was down-regulated by HMBA treatment. Immunofluorescence observation revealed that PHB existed in the nuclear matrix, and its distribution regions and expression levels were altered after HMBA treatment. Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed the co-localization between PHB and the products of oncogenes or tumor repression genes including c-los, c-myc, p53 and Rb and its alteration of distributive area in the cells treated by HMBA. CONCLUSION： These data confirm that PHB is a nuclear matrix protein, which is located in the nuclear matrix, and the distribution and expression of PHB and its relation with associated genes may play significant roles during the differentiation of SMMC-7721 cells.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the association between the configurational and compositional changes of nuclear matrix and the differentiation of carcinoma cells. METHODS： Cells cultured with or without 5 × 10^-3 mmol/L o...AIM： To investigate the association between the configurational and compositional changes of nuclear matrix and the differentiation of carcinoma cells. METHODS： Cells cultured with or without 5 × 10^-3 mmol/L of hexamethylene bisacetamide （HMBA） on Nickel grids were treated by selective extraction and prepared for whole mount observation under electron microscopy. The samples were examined under transmission electron microscope. Nuclear matrix proteins were selectively extracted and subjected to subcellular proteomics study. The protein expression patterns were analyzed by PDQuest software. Spots of differentially expressed nuclear matrix proteins were excised and subjected to in situ digestion with trypsin. The peptides were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser- desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS）. Data were submitted for database searching using Mascot tool （www.matrixscience.com）. RESULTS： The nuclear matrix （NM） and intermediate filament （IF） in SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma cells were found relatively sparse and arranged irregularly. The nuclear lamina was non-uniform, and two kinds of filaments were not tightly connected. After induction for differentiation by HMBA, the NM-IF filaments were concentrated and distributed uniformly. The heterogeneous population of filaments, including highly branched utrathin filaments could also be seen in the regular meshwork. The connection between the two kinds of filaments and the relatively thin, condensed and sharply demarcated lamina composed of intermediate- sized filaments was relatively fastened. Meanwhile, 21 NM proteins changed remarkably during SMMC-7721 cell differentiation. Four proteins, i.e. mutant Pystl, hypothetical protein, nucleophosminl, and LBP were downregulated, whereas four other proteins, eIF6, p44 subunit, 13-tubulin, and SIN3B were upregulated with the last one, SR2/ASF found only in the differentiated SMMC-7721 cells. CONCLUSION： The induced differentiation of SMMC-7721 cells by HMBA is accompanied by the configurational changes of nuclear matrix-intermediate filament （NM-IF） system and the compositional changes of nuclear matrix protein expression. These changes may be important morphological or functional indications of the cancer cell reversion.展开更多
The original article by Yuichi et al explored whether the Japan Narrow-Band Imaging Expert Team classification and the pit pattern classification are suitable for diagnosing neoplastic lesions in patients with ulcerat...The original article by Yuichi et al explored whether the Japan Narrow-Band Imaging Expert Team classification and the pit pattern classification are suitable for diagnosing neoplastic lesions in patients with ulcerative colitis.In this letter,we offer some other perspectives.Risk factors for colorectal tumors include type 2 diabetes.Among genetic factors,the deletion or mutation of some genes,such as the p53 gene,can lead to colorectal tumors.There are significant gender differences in the occurrence and development of colorectal tumors.Some nongenetic factors,such as smoking,are also associated with the development of colorectal tumors.These all suggest that colorectal tumors are not only caused by ulcerative colitis,and we suggest further exploration and differentiation between colitis and colorectal tumors.展开更多
The effect of Fuzhuan brick tea(FBT)on metabolism in obese mice is mediated by regulation of N-methyltransferase by aryl hydrocarbon receptor.The expression of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene is ...The effect of Fuzhuan brick tea(FBT)on metabolism in obese mice is mediated by regulation of N-methyltransferase by aryl hydrocarbon receptor.The expression of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene is regulated by many transcription factors,and those specific to this effect need further investigation.Experimental animal studies have been designed to observe the effects of a single drug or the sequential effects of drugs.A washout period should be included if different drugs(e.g.,antibiotics and FBT)are given to avoid or reduce additive effects or synergy.Currently,most experimental studies performed in mice used only male animals.However,experience has revealed that the results of using only male mice are very likely to have sex differences.展开更多
Recently,superconductors with higher-order topology have stimulated extensive attention and research interest.Higher-order topological superconductors exhibit unconventional bulk-boundary correspondence,thus allow exo...Recently,superconductors with higher-order topology have stimulated extensive attention and research interest.Higher-order topological superconductors exhibit unconventional bulk-boundary correspondence,thus allow exotic lower-dimensional boundary modes,such as Majorana corner and hinge modes.However,higher-order topological superconductivity has yet to be found in naturally occurring materials.We investigate higher-order topology in a two-dimensional Josephson junction comprised of two s-wave superconductors separated by a topological insulator thin film.We find that zero-energy Majorana corner modes,a boundary fingerprint of higherorder topological superconductivity,can be achieved by applying magnetic field.When an in-plane Zeeman field is applied to the system,two corner modes appear in the superconducting junction.Furthermore,we also discover a two-dimensional nodal superconducting phase which supports flat-band Majorana edge modes connecting the bulk nodes.Importantly,we demonstrate that zero-energy Majorana corner modes are stable when increasing the thickness of topological insulator thin film.展开更多
Intestinal dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)are common in patients with liver cirrhosis.Existing studies have not explored the association between gut dysbiosis and SIBO.We propose some suggest...Intestinal dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)are common in patients with liver cirrhosis.Existing studies have not explored the association between gut dysbiosis and SIBO.We propose some suggestions for the authors’experimental methods and concepts,and we hope these suggestions can be adopted.The hydrogen breath test is worthy of recommendation due to its high accuracy and convenient operation.We suggest changing the substrate of the hydrogen breath test from lactulose to glucose to improve the accuracy of each parameter.SIBO is a small subset of gut dysbiosis,and we propose clarifying the concept of both.SIBO may be caused by liver cirrhosis or one of the pathogeneses of gastrointestinal diseases.Therefore,interference from other gastrointestinal diseases should be excluded from this study.展开更多
Recently, the magnetic topological insulator(TI) MnBi2Te4 emerged as a competitive platform to realize quantum anomalous Hall(QAH) states. We report a Berry curvature splitting mechanism to realize the QAH effect in t...Recently, the magnetic topological insulator(TI) MnBi2Te4 emerged as a competitive platform to realize quantum anomalous Hall(QAH) states. We report a Berry curvature splitting mechanism to realize the QAH effect in the disordered magnetic TI multilayers when switching from an antiferromagnetic order to a ferromagnetic order. We reveal that the splitting of spin-resolved Berry curvature, originating from the separation of the critical points during the magnetic switching, can give rise to a QAH insulator. We present a global phase diagram, and also provide a phenomenological picture to elucidate the Berry curvature splitting mechanism by the evolution of topological charges. At last, we predict that the Berry curvature splitting mechanism will lead to a reentrant QAH effect, which can be detected by tuning the gate voltage. Our theory will be instructive for the studies of the QAH effect in MnBi2Te4 in future experiments.展开更多
In this work,we study the effects of disorder on topological metals that support a pair of helical edge modes deeply embedded inside the gapless bulk states.Strikingly,we predict that a quantum spin Hall(QSH)phase can...In this work,we study the effects of disorder on topological metals that support a pair of helical edge modes deeply embedded inside the gapless bulk states.Strikingly,we predict that a quantum spin Hall(QSH)phase can be obtained from such topological metals without opening a global band gap.To be specific,disorder can lead to a pair of robust helical edge states which is protected by an emergent Z2 topological invariant,giving rise to a quantized conductance plateau in transport measurements.These results are instructive for solving puzzles in various transport experiments on QSH materials that are intrinsically metallic.This work also will inspire experimental realization of the QSH effect in disordered topological metals.展开更多
Synchronized rotation of unit cells in a periodic structure provides a novel design perspective for manipulation of band topology.We then design a two-dimensional version of higher-order topological insulator(HOTI)by ...Synchronized rotation of unit cells in a periodic structure provides a novel design perspective for manipulation of band topology.We then design a two-dimensional version of higher-order topological insulator(HOTI)by such rotation in a triangular photonic lattice with C_(3) symmetry.This HOTI supports the hallmark zero-dimensional corner states and,simultaneously,the one-dimensional edge states.We also find that our photonic corner states carry chiral orbital angular momenta locked by valleys,whose wave functions are featured by the phase vortex(singularity)positioned at the maximal Wyckoff points.Moreover,when excited by a fired source with various frequencies,the valley topological states of both one-dimensional edges and zero-dimensional corners emerge simultaneously.Extendable to higher or synthetic dimensions,our paper provides access to a chiral vortex platform for HOTI realizations in the terahertz photonic system.展开更多
Principal/minor component analysis(PCA/MCA),generalized principal/minor component analysis(GPCA/GMCA),and singular value decomposition(SVD)algorithms are important techniques for feature extraction.In the convergence ...Principal/minor component analysis(PCA/MCA),generalized principal/minor component analysis(GPCA/GMCA),and singular value decomposition(SVD)algorithms are important techniques for feature extraction.In the convergence analysis of these algorithms,the deterministic discrete-time(DDT)method can reveal the dynamic behavior of PCA/MCA and GPCA/GMCA algorithms effectively.However,the dynamic behavior of SVD algorithms has not been studied quantitatively because of their special structure.In this paper,for the first time,we utilize the advantages of the DDT method in PCA algorithms analysis to study the dynamics of SVD algorithms.First,taking the cross-coupled Hebbian algorithm as an example,by concatenating the two cross-coupled variables into a single vector,we successfully get a PCA-like DDT system.Second,we analyze the discrete-time dynamic behavior and stability of the PCA-like DDT system in detail based on the DDT method,and obtain the boundedness of the weight vectors and learning rate.Moreover,further discussion shows the universality of the proposed method for analyzing other SVD algorithms.As a result,the proposed method provides a new way to study the dynamical convergence properties of SVD algorithms.展开更多
The quantum anomalous Hall effect is characterized by a quantized Hall resistance with a vanishing longitudinal resistance.Many experiments reported the quantization of the Hall resistance,which is always accompanied ...The quantum anomalous Hall effect is characterized by a quantized Hall resistance with a vanishing longitudinal resistance.Many experiments reported the quantization of the Hall resistance,which is always accompanied by a non-vanishing longitudinal resistance that is several k?.Meanwhile,the non-vanishing longitudinal resistance exhibits a universal exponential decay with the increase in magnetic field.We propose that the coupling of chiral edge states,which has not been properly evaluated in the previous theories,can give rise to the non-vanishing longitudinal resistance.The coupling between the chiral edges states along the opposite boundaries can be assisted by magnetic domains or defects inside the sample bulk,which has been already identified in recent experiments.Our theory provides a potential mechanism to understand the experimental result in both magnetic topological insulator and moirésuperlattice systems.展开更多
We study the electronic structure of double-twisted few-layer graphite(DTFLG),which consists of three few-layer graphites(FLGs),i.e.,an ABA-stacked graphene multilayer,stacked with two twist angles.We consider two cat...We study the electronic structure of double-twisted few-layer graphite(DTFLG),which consists of three few-layer graphites(FLGs),i.e.,an ABA-stacked graphene multilayer,stacked with two twist angles.We consider two categories of DTFLG,the alternately and chirally twisted cases,according to the rotation direction of the two twist angles.We show that,once the middle FLG of DTFLG is not thinner than the trilayer,both types of DTFLG can remarkably host two pairs of degenerate Moire flat bands(MFBs) at EF,twice that of the magic angle twisted bilayer graphene(TBG).The doubled MFBs of DTFLG lead to a doubled density of states(DOS) at the Fermi level EF,which implies much stronger correlation effects than TBG.The degeneracy of MFBs can be lifted by a perpendicular electric field,and the isolated MFBs have a nonzero valley Chern number.We also reveal the peculiar wave function patterns of the MFB s in DTFLG.Our results establish a new family of Moire systems that have a much higher DOS at EFand thus possibly much stronger correlation effects.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12304539,12074108,12474151,12347101)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0568)Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics(Grant No.2024BNLCMPKF025)。
文摘In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in higher-order topological phases(HOTPs)across various disciplines within the field of physics.These unique phases are characterized by their ability to harbor topological protected boundary states at lower-dimensional boundaries,a distinguishing feature that sets them apart from conventional topological phases and is attributed to the higher-order bulk-boundary correspondence.Two-dimensional(2D)twisted systems offer an optimal platform for investigating HOTPs,owing to their strong controllability and experimental feasibility.Here,we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research advancements on HOTPs in 2D twisted multilayer systems.We will mainly review the HOTPs in electronic,magnonic,acoustic,photonic and mechanical twisted systems,and finally provide a perspective of this topic.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1403700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12074108 and 12347101)+3 种基金the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0568)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2023CDJXY048)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No. BK20230066)the Jiangsu Shuang Chuang Project (Grant No. JSSCTD202209)。
文摘Topological Dirac semimetals are a parent state from which other exotic topological phases of matter, such as Weyl semimetals and topological insulators, can emerge. In this study, we investigate a Dirac semimetal possessing sixfold rotational symmetry and hosting higher-order topological hinge Fermi arc states, which is irradiated by circularly polarized light. Our findings reveal that circularly polarized light splits each Dirac node into a pair of Weyl nodes due to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry, resulting in the realization of the Weyl semimetal phase. This Weyl semimetal phase exhibits rich boundary states, including two-dimensional surface Fermi arc states and hinge Fermi arc states confined to six hinges.Furthermore, by adjusting the incident direction of the circularly polarized light, we can control the degree of tilt of the resulting Weyl cones, enabling the realization of different types of Weyl semimetals.
文摘This review summarizes the latest progress in orthopedic nanotechnology,ex-plores innovative applications of nanofibers in tendon repair,and evaluates the potential of selenium and cerium oxide nanoparticles in osteoarthritis and osteo-blast differentiation.This review also describes the emerging applications of inje-ctable hydrogels in cartilage engineering,emphasizing the critical role of inter-disciplinary research and highlighting the challenges and future prospects of in-tegrating nanotechnology into orthopedic clinical practice.This comprehensive approach provides a holistic perspective on the transformative impact of nanote-chnology in orthopedics,offering valuable insights for future research and clinical applications.
文摘BACKGROUND However,the connection between smoking and the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer remains unclear.AIM To determine whether smoking is linked to the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer.METHODS As of July 20,2022,relevant English-language research was identified by searching PubMed,the Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library.We pooled the available data from the included studies using a random effects model.Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted.RESULTS A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis.The combined analysis revealed that tobacco exposure was associated with a significantly greater recurrence rate than nonsmoking status[odd ratios(OR)=1.76,95%CI:1.84-2.93],and the progression of bladder cancer was significantly greater in smokers than in nonsmokers(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.02-1.44).Stratified analysis further revealed that current smokers were more likely to experience relapse than never-smokers were(OR=1.85,95%CI:1.11-3.07).Former smokers also had a greater risk of relapse than did never-smokers(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.09-2.73).Subgroup analysis indicated that non-Caucasians may be more susceptible to bladder cancer recurrence than Caucasians are(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.74-2.61).CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed that tobacco exposure may be a significant risk factor for both the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30470877Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No. 20070420754the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China, No. 2008J0302
文摘AIM： To explore the existence and distribution of prohibitin （PHB） in nuclear matrix and its co-localization with products of some related genes during the differentiation of human hepatocarcinoma SNMC-7721 cells. METHODS： The nuclear matrix of the SMMC-7721 cells cultured with or without 5 × 10^-3 mmol/L hexamethylene bisacetamide （HNBA） was selectively extracted. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of PHB in nuclear matrix; immunofluorescence microscope observation was used to analyze the distribution of PHB in cell. LCSM was used to observe the co-localization of PHB with products of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. RESULTS： Western blot analysis showed that PHB existed in the composition of nuclear matrix proteins and was down-regulated by HMBA treatment. Immunofluorescence observation revealed that PHB existed in the nuclear matrix, and its distribution regions and expression levels were altered after HMBA treatment. Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed the co-localization between PHB and the products of oncogenes or tumor repression genes including c-los, c-myc, p53 and Rb and its alteration of distributive area in the cells treated by HMBA. CONCLUSION： These data confirm that PHB is a nuclear matrix protein, which is located in the nuclear matrix, and the distribution and expression of PHB and its relation with associated genes may play significant roles during the differentiation of SMMC-7721 cells.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30470877
文摘AIM： To investigate the association between the configurational and compositional changes of nuclear matrix and the differentiation of carcinoma cells. METHODS： Cells cultured with or without 5 × 10^-3 mmol/L of hexamethylene bisacetamide （HMBA） on Nickel grids were treated by selective extraction and prepared for whole mount observation under electron microscopy. The samples were examined under transmission electron microscope. Nuclear matrix proteins were selectively extracted and subjected to subcellular proteomics study. The protein expression patterns were analyzed by PDQuest software. Spots of differentially expressed nuclear matrix proteins were excised and subjected to in situ digestion with trypsin. The peptides were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser- desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS）. Data were submitted for database searching using Mascot tool （www.matrixscience.com）. RESULTS： The nuclear matrix （NM） and intermediate filament （IF） in SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma cells were found relatively sparse and arranged irregularly. The nuclear lamina was non-uniform, and two kinds of filaments were not tightly connected. After induction for differentiation by HMBA, the NM-IF filaments were concentrated and distributed uniformly. The heterogeneous population of filaments, including highly branched utrathin filaments could also be seen in the regular meshwork. The connection between the two kinds of filaments and the relatively thin, condensed and sharply demarcated lamina composed of intermediate- sized filaments was relatively fastened. Meanwhile, 21 NM proteins changed remarkably during SMMC-7721 cell differentiation. Four proteins, i.e. mutant Pystl, hypothetical protein, nucleophosminl, and LBP were downregulated, whereas four other proteins, eIF6, p44 subunit, 13-tubulin, and SIN3B were upregulated with the last one, SR2/ASF found only in the differentiated SMMC-7721 cells. CONCLUSION： The induced differentiation of SMMC-7721 cells by HMBA is accompanied by the configurational changes of nuclear matrix-intermediate filament （NM-IF） system and the compositional changes of nuclear matrix protein expression. These changes may be important morphological or functional indications of the cancer cell reversion.
基金Supported by the General Research Project of Education Department of Zhejiang Province,No.Y202146955the Second Batch of Research Projects on Teaching Reform in the 13th Five-year Plan of Zhejiang Province,No.Jg20190460.
文摘The original article by Yuichi et al explored whether the Japan Narrow-Band Imaging Expert Team classification and the pit pattern classification are suitable for diagnosing neoplastic lesions in patients with ulcerative colitis.In this letter,we offer some other perspectives.Risk factors for colorectal tumors include type 2 diabetes.Among genetic factors,the deletion or mutation of some genes,such as the p53 gene,can lead to colorectal tumors.There are significant gender differences in the occurrence and development of colorectal tumors.Some nongenetic factors,such as smoking,are also associated with the development of colorectal tumors.These all suggest that colorectal tumors are not only caused by ulcerative colitis,and we suggest further exploration and differentiation between colitis and colorectal tumors.
基金Supported by General Research Project of Education Department of Zhejiang Province,No.Y2021469552019 Taizhou Science and Technology Bureau Project,No.1902ky83The Second Batch of Research Projects on Teaching Reform in the 13th Five-Year Plan of Zhejiang Province,No.Jg20190460.
文摘The effect of Fuzhuan brick tea(FBT)on metabolism in obese mice is mediated by regulation of N-methyltransferase by aryl hydrocarbon receptor.The expression of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene is regulated by many transcription factors,and those specific to this effect need further investigation.Experimental animal studies have been designed to observe the effects of a single drug or the sequential effects of drugs.A washout period should be included if different drugs(e.g.,antibiotics and FBT)are given to avoid or reduce additive effects or synergy.Currently,most experimental studies performed in mice used only male animals.However,experience has revealed that the results of using only male mice are very likely to have sex differences.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074108,11974256,and 12147102)the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionthe Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQMSX0568)。
文摘Recently,superconductors with higher-order topology have stimulated extensive attention and research interest.Higher-order topological superconductors exhibit unconventional bulk-boundary correspondence,thus allow exotic lower-dimensional boundary modes,such as Majorana corner and hinge modes.However,higher-order topological superconductivity has yet to be found in naturally occurring materials.We investigate higher-order topology in a two-dimensional Josephson junction comprised of two s-wave superconductors separated by a topological insulator thin film.We find that zero-energy Majorana corner modes,a boundary fingerprint of higherorder topological superconductivity,can be achieved by applying magnetic field.When an in-plane Zeeman field is applied to the system,two corner modes appear in the superconducting junction.Furthermore,we also discover a two-dimensional nodal superconducting phase which supports flat-band Majorana edge modes connecting the bulk nodes.Importantly,we demonstrate that zero-energy Majorana corner modes are stable when increasing the thickness of topological insulator thin film.
文摘Intestinal dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)are common in patients with liver cirrhosis.Existing studies have not explored the association between gut dysbiosis and SIBO.We propose some suggestions for the authors’experimental methods and concepts,and we hope these suggestions can be adopted.The hydrogen breath test is worthy of recommendation due to its high accuracy and convenient operation.We suggest changing the substrate of the hydrogen breath test from lactulose to glucose to improve the accuracy of each parameter.SIBO is a small subset of gut dysbiosis,and we propose clarifying the concept of both.SIBO may be caused by liver cirrhosis or one of the pathogeneses of gastrointestinal diseases.Therefore,interference from other gastrointestinal diseases should be excluded from this study.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB28000000)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2019YFA0308403)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11534001,12074108,11704106,and 11974256)funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.BK20190813)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionssupported by the Chutian Scholars Program in Hubei Province。
文摘Recently, the magnetic topological insulator(TI) MnBi2Te4 emerged as a competitive platform to realize quantum anomalous Hall(QAH) states. We report a Berry curvature splitting mechanism to realize the QAH effect in the disordered magnetic TI multilayers when switching from an antiferromagnetic order to a ferromagnetic order. We reveal that the splitting of spin-resolved Berry curvature, originating from the separation of the critical points during the magnetic switching, can give rise to a QAH insulator. We present a global phase diagram, and also provide a phenomenological picture to elucidate the Berry curvature splitting mechanism by the evolution of topological charges. At last, we predict that the Berry curvature splitting mechanism will lead to a reentrant QAH effect, which can be detected by tuning the gate voltage. Our theory will be instructive for the studies of the QAH effect in MnBi2Te4 in future experiments.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB921102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11534001,11822407,11704106,and 11974256)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesfunded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsNational Natural Science Foundation of China of Jiangsu province(Grant No.BK20190813)supported by the Chutian Scholars Program in Hubei Province。
文摘In this work,we study the effects of disorder on topological metals that support a pair of helical edge modes deeply embedded inside the gapless bulk states.Strikingly,we predict that a quantum spin Hall(QSH)phase can be obtained from such topological metals without opening a global band gap.To be specific,disorder can lead to a pair of robust helical edge states which is protected by an emergent Z2 topological invariant,giving rise to a quantized conductance plateau in transport measurements.These results are instructive for solving puzzles in various transport experiments on QSH materials that are intrinsically metallic.This work also will inspire experimental realization of the QSH effect in disordered topological metals.
基金Young Scientists Fund(NSFC11804087,NSFC11704106)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC12047501,NSFC12074108,NSFC41974195)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CCNU19TS073,CCNU20GF004)Hongque Innovation Center(HQ202104001)Hubei University(030-090105,A201508)Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province(2018CFB148).
文摘Synchronized rotation of unit cells in a periodic structure provides a novel design perspective for manipulation of band topology.We then design a two-dimensional version of higher-order topological insulator(HOTI)by such rotation in a triangular photonic lattice with C_(3) symmetry.This HOTI supports the hallmark zero-dimensional corner states and,simultaneously,the one-dimensional edge states.We also find that our photonic corner states carry chiral orbital angular momenta locked by valleys,whose wave functions are featured by the phase vortex(singularity)positioned at the maximal Wyckoff points.Moreover,when excited by a fired source with various frequencies,the valley topological states of both one-dimensional edges and zero-dimensional corners emerge simultaneously.Extendable to higher or synthetic dimensions,our paper provides access to a chiral vortex platform for HOTI realizations in the terahertz photonic system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61903375,61673387 and 61773389the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China under Grant Nos.2020JM-356 and 2020JQ-298the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China under Grant No.2019M663635.
文摘Principal/minor component analysis(PCA/MCA),generalized principal/minor component analysis(GPCA/GMCA),and singular value decomposition(SVD)algorithms are important techniques for feature extraction.In the convergence analysis of these algorithms,the deterministic discrete-time(DDT)method can reveal the dynamic behavior of PCA/MCA and GPCA/GMCA algorithms effectively.However,the dynamic behavior of SVD algorithms has not been studied quantitatively because of their special structure.In this paper,for the first time,we utilize the advantages of the DDT method in PCA algorithms analysis to study the dynamics of SVD algorithms.First,taking the cross-coupled Hebbian algorithm as an example,by concatenating the two cross-coupled variables into a single vector,we successfully get a PCA-like DDT system.Second,we analyze the discrete-time dynamic behavior and stability of the PCA-like DDT system in detail based on the DDT method,and obtain the boundedness of the weight vectors and learning rate.Moreover,further discussion shows the universality of the proposed method for analyzing other SVD algorithms.As a result,the proposed method provides a new way to study the dynamical convergence properties of SVD algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074108,and 12147102)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0568)+4 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12074107)the Program of Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Colleges and Universities in Hubei Province(Grant No.T2020001)the Innovation Group Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2022CFA012)supported by the Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat,EXC2147(Grant No.390858490)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(Grant No.SFB 1170)。
文摘The quantum anomalous Hall effect is characterized by a quantized Hall resistance with a vanishing longitudinal resistance.Many experiments reported the quantization of the Hall resistance,which is always accompanied by a non-vanishing longitudinal resistance that is several k?.Meanwhile,the non-vanishing longitudinal resistance exhibits a universal exponential decay with the increase in magnetic field.We propose that the coupling of chiral edge states,which has not been properly evaluated in the previous theories,can give rise to the non-vanishing longitudinal resistance.The coupling between the chiral edges states along the opposite boundaries can be assisted by magnetic domains or defects inside the sample bulk,which has been already identified in recent experiments.Our theory provides a potential mechanism to understand the experimental result in both magnetic topological insulator and moirésuperlattice systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11874160, 12141401, and 11534001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0403501)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. HUST:2017KFYXJJ027)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2015CB921102)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB28000000)。
文摘We study the electronic structure of double-twisted few-layer graphite(DTFLG),which consists of three few-layer graphites(FLGs),i.e.,an ABA-stacked graphene multilayer,stacked with two twist angles.We consider two categories of DTFLG,the alternately and chirally twisted cases,according to the rotation direction of the two twist angles.We show that,once the middle FLG of DTFLG is not thinner than the trilayer,both types of DTFLG can remarkably host two pairs of degenerate Moire flat bands(MFBs) at EF,twice that of the magic angle twisted bilayer graphene(TBG).The doubled MFBs of DTFLG lead to a doubled density of states(DOS) at the Fermi level EF,which implies much stronger correlation effects than TBG.The degeneracy of MFBs can be lifted by a perpendicular electric field,and the isolated MFBs have a nonzero valley Chern number.We also reveal the peculiar wave function patterns of the MFB s in DTFLG.Our results establish a new family of Moire systems that have a much higher DOS at EFand thus possibly much stronger correlation effects.
