Introduction: The differentiation of digestive tumors very often requires the use of techniques currently not widely in use in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), such as immunohistochemistry. This is perfectly ve...Introduction: The differentiation of digestive tumors very often requires the use of techniques currently not widely in use in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), such as immunohistochemistry. This is perfectly verified for GISTs whose precise, or at least highly certain, diagnosis can only be made using immunohistochemical markers. This underuse of these techniques due to lack of equipment and human skills explains the limited epidemiological data available to date, thus leading to untargeted and too often late treatment of patients. Research question: What contribution can immunohistochemical markers make to the diagnosis of digestive tract tumours? Objective: Discuss the contribution of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of GIST and provide basic data on the epidemiology of these nosological entities in Kinshasa. Methodology: This was a retrospective study carried out at the LEBOMA private anatomy and pathological cytology centre. The main inclusion criterion was any digestive tract block or slide whose diagnosis of GIST had been requalified after review by at least 2 pathologists. An immuhistochemical study was performed using an automated technique (with a Ventana XT machine) using a panel of antibodies: CD-117 and DOG-1 which are listed in the literature as strongly correlated with the occurrence of GIST, all slides were made at Hj Hospital using an OLYMPUS BX41 co-observation microscope. Results: Of 601 cases of digestive tumors recorded during the concerned period, 32 (5.32%) concerned GIST. This prevalence was confirmed by our immunohistochemical results where the expression of CD117 and that of DOG-1 were positive in 90.6% and 100% of cases which prevalence is high compared with the worldwide prevalence according to the literature, respectively. The distribution of the patients concerned was made with a sex ratio of 1.6 women/men with a median age of 53 years. Most cases (81%) had a gastric location and were fusiform GISTs. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours, although rare and underestimated, account for 5.32% of cases in the DRC. This is a considerable and high prevalence compared with the world average. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been carried out on these aspects in the DRC, which explains the importance of this study. The results of this research demonstrated the contribution of these 2 markers as specific and effective biomarkers for optimal and differential diagnosis in GIST. In view of the above, it is therefore more than necessary to popularise the use of these biomarkers in order to contribute effectively to improving the overall management of gastrointestinal tumours by improving their identification.展开更多
Background: The management of breast cancer increasingly requires molecular classification based on immunohistochemistry. As breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of multiple molec...Background: The management of breast cancer increasingly requires molecular classification based on immunohistochemistry. As breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of multiple molecular alterations that give each tumour its own phenotype and evolutionary potential, immunohistochemistry, as a complementary technique to morphological examination, determines the status of hormone receptors and on protein in tumour cells, which are predictive and prognostic markers of breast cancer. This technique is often little used in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), as this study shows. The under-use of this technique due to a lack of equipment and/or human skills explains the paucity of epidemiological data available to date. Objective: Determine the immunohistochemical profile of breast cancer. Methodology: This is a retrospective study carried out in the Anapath Department of the NGANDA Hospital from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022, i.e. a 3-year period. Result: A total of 736 patients were registered in the hospitalization register of the Oncology Department of CH NGANDA for the period corresponding to the present study. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 110 patients, representing 14.9% of all cases. The mean age of the patients was 58.4 ± 8.2 years, with extremes ranging from 30 to 76 years. Breast nodules were the most common reason for diagnosis in 56.3% of cases, with Luminal A dominating in 17.3%. Conclusion: Breast cancer is a major public health problem. Worldwide, it is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, because of the delay in consulting our patients and the weakness of systematic screening, patients are seen at an advanced stage of the disease. Treatment is multidisciplinary, involving surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy (including targeted therapies) and hormone therapy. Patient awareness and screening campaigns will contribute to a considerable reduction in the delay in diagnosis and the morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer.展开更多
文摘Introduction: The differentiation of digestive tumors very often requires the use of techniques currently not widely in use in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), such as immunohistochemistry. This is perfectly verified for GISTs whose precise, or at least highly certain, diagnosis can only be made using immunohistochemical markers. This underuse of these techniques due to lack of equipment and human skills explains the limited epidemiological data available to date, thus leading to untargeted and too often late treatment of patients. Research question: What contribution can immunohistochemical markers make to the diagnosis of digestive tract tumours? Objective: Discuss the contribution of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of GIST and provide basic data on the epidemiology of these nosological entities in Kinshasa. Methodology: This was a retrospective study carried out at the LEBOMA private anatomy and pathological cytology centre. The main inclusion criterion was any digestive tract block or slide whose diagnosis of GIST had been requalified after review by at least 2 pathologists. An immuhistochemical study was performed using an automated technique (with a Ventana XT machine) using a panel of antibodies: CD-117 and DOG-1 which are listed in the literature as strongly correlated with the occurrence of GIST, all slides were made at Hj Hospital using an OLYMPUS BX41 co-observation microscope. Results: Of 601 cases of digestive tumors recorded during the concerned period, 32 (5.32%) concerned GIST. This prevalence was confirmed by our immunohistochemical results where the expression of CD117 and that of DOG-1 were positive in 90.6% and 100% of cases which prevalence is high compared with the worldwide prevalence according to the literature, respectively. The distribution of the patients concerned was made with a sex ratio of 1.6 women/men with a median age of 53 years. Most cases (81%) had a gastric location and were fusiform GISTs. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours, although rare and underestimated, account for 5.32% of cases in the DRC. This is a considerable and high prevalence compared with the world average. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been carried out on these aspects in the DRC, which explains the importance of this study. The results of this research demonstrated the contribution of these 2 markers as specific and effective biomarkers for optimal and differential diagnosis in GIST. In view of the above, it is therefore more than necessary to popularise the use of these biomarkers in order to contribute effectively to improving the overall management of gastrointestinal tumours by improving their identification.
文摘Background: The management of breast cancer increasingly requires molecular classification based on immunohistochemistry. As breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of multiple molecular alterations that give each tumour its own phenotype and evolutionary potential, immunohistochemistry, as a complementary technique to morphological examination, determines the status of hormone receptors and on protein in tumour cells, which are predictive and prognostic markers of breast cancer. This technique is often little used in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), as this study shows. The under-use of this technique due to a lack of equipment and/or human skills explains the paucity of epidemiological data available to date. Objective: Determine the immunohistochemical profile of breast cancer. Methodology: This is a retrospective study carried out in the Anapath Department of the NGANDA Hospital from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022, i.e. a 3-year period. Result: A total of 736 patients were registered in the hospitalization register of the Oncology Department of CH NGANDA for the period corresponding to the present study. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 110 patients, representing 14.9% of all cases. The mean age of the patients was 58.4 ± 8.2 years, with extremes ranging from 30 to 76 years. Breast nodules were the most common reason for diagnosis in 56.3% of cases, with Luminal A dominating in 17.3%. Conclusion: Breast cancer is a major public health problem. Worldwide, it is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, because of the delay in consulting our patients and the weakness of systematic screening, patients are seen at an advanced stage of the disease. Treatment is multidisciplinary, involving surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy (including targeted therapies) and hormone therapy. Patient awareness and screening campaigns will contribute to a considerable reduction in the delay in diagnosis and the morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer.
