Few studies have compared the variability of soil properties using different types of mulches in semi-arid forests.This study evaluated the changes in physico-chemical soil properties in a semi-arid forest of Central ...Few studies have compared the variability of soil properties using different types of mulches in semi-arid forests.This study evaluated the changes in physico-chemical soil properties in a semi-arid forest of Central Eastern Spain,where straw and pine wood chips were distributed as mulch three months after a wildfire.Soils were sampled under burned and unmulched and burned and mulched plots three and nine months after the treatments.The data was processed using Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Analytical Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(AHCA).Mulching with straw or wood chips did not have any significant effects on the texture and chemical properties of burned sites few months after the treatment.In contrast,significant changes are expected over time in organic matter,nutrients and many ions.There were no significant differences in soil properties between the two mulches.These low changes were confirmed by PCA coupled with AHCA,which did not show a clear distinction among the three soil conditions.However,a noticeable and significant variability of many of these properties over time was evident.This study shows that mulching does not degrade of soil properties in the short-term after a wildfire and after post-fire treatments,and thus helps protect semi-arid forest ecosystems against the negative impacts of high-severity fires.展开更多
Prescribed fire,although having low intensity and being able to reduce the risk of wildfire may modify soil properties in the short term,with possible increases in runoffand erosion risk.Soil mulching with vegetation ...Prescribed fire,although having low intensity and being able to reduce the risk of wildfire may modify soil properties in the short term,with possible increases in runoffand erosion risk.Soil mulching with vegetation residues is one of the most common post-fire management strategies.Residues of fern,which is abundant on the Mediterranean forest floor,may be used to replace straw for mulching fireaffected areas.However,the effects of prescribed fires are not completely understood,and there is no data regarding the use of fern to protect soil after fire in the literature.To fill this gap,selected soil chemical parameters were analyzed,on a comparative basis,in three Mediterranean forests(pine,oak and chestnut)in Calabria(Southern Italy).These parameters were measured immediately and one year after fire in unburned,burned and not treated,and burned and mulched soils.Changes in soil chemical properties among the different treatments were significant,and the effects of the prescribed fire and mulching were dependent on the time elapsed from their application and forest species.In general,mulching was not effective in limiting the changes in the monitored soil properties compared to the pre-fire values.Each forest species showed different temporal trends in changes of soil properties.展开更多
No-tillage and soil mulching with pruning residues,applied in olive groves of the semi-arid Mediter-ranean environment,as erosion control practices still practice not fully studied.This study has evaluated the saturat...No-tillage and soil mulching with pruning residues,applied in olive groves of the semi-arid Mediter-ranean environment,as erosion control practices still practice not fully studied.This study has evaluated the saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ksat),surface runoff(SR)and soil erosion(SL)under rainfall at plot scale throughout two years in four different management practices,total soil cover with a net(SP),mechanical tillage(MT)and mulching by vegetal residues at 3,5·10^(3) and 17,5·10^(3) kg ha^(-1) of dry matter(NTR350 and NTR1750),in an olive grove of Southern Italy.Ksat varied between 1.6(MT)and 25.1(NTR1750)mm/h.A clear reduction in runoff and soil losses was detected for the mulch-based practices when compared to MT,from 20 to 32%in the runoff coefficient and 75-80%in SL,with higher reductions in the NTR1750.This reduction in SL can be mainly explained by the reduction in SR and rain-splash,interrill and rill erosion,due to protection by mulch residues,which increased the vegetal cover and organic matter content of mulched plots.The vegetal cover was on average higher in SP(33%),NTR1750(25%)and NTR350(22%),and lower in MT(12%).The mean organic matter content of soil was 2.01%,1.69%,1.34%and 0.82%for NTR1750,NTR350,SP and MT respectively.Overall,the results quantify the impact of soil mulching with pruning residues at different doses,which will provide guidelines to control and mitigate the hydrological response of clayey and steep soils in Mediterranean olive groves,analysing the associated environmental and economic benefits.展开更多
Despite ample literature,the influence of the individual soil properties and covers on the hydrological response of burned soils of forests has not clearly identified.A clear understanding of the surface runoff and er...Despite ample literature,the influence of the individual soil properties and covers on the hydrological response of burned soils of forests has not clearly identified.A clear understanding of the surface runoff and erosion rates altered by wildfires and prescribed fires is beneficial to identify the most suitable post-fire treatment This study has carried out a combined analysis of the hydrological response of soil and its driving factors in burned forests of Central-Eastern Spain.The pine stands of these forests were subjected to both prescribed fire and wildfire,and,in the latter case,to post-fire treatment with mulching.Moreover,simple multi-regression models are proposed to predict runoff and erosion in the experi-mental conditions.In the case of the prescribed burning,the fire had a limited impact on runoff and erosion compared to the unburned areas,due to the limited changes in soil parameters.In contrast,the wildfire increased many-fold the runoff and erosion rates,but the mulching reduced the hydrological response of the burned soils,particularly for the first two-three rainfalls after the fire.The increase in runoff and erosion after the wildfire was associated to the removal of the vegetation cover,soil water repellency,and ash left by fire;the changes in water infiltration played a minor role on runoff and erosion.The multi-regression models developed for the prescribed fire were accurate to predict the post-fire runoff coefficients.However,these models were less reliable for predictions of the mean erosion rates.The predictions of erosion after wildfire and mulching were excellent,while those of runoff were not satisfactory(except for the mean values).These results are useful to better understand the relations among the hydrological effects of fire on one side and the main soil properties and covers on the other side.Moreover,the proposed prediction models are useful to support the planning activities of forest managers and hydrologists towards a more effective conservation of forest soils.展开更多
基金funded by the Spanish Research Agency(AEI)(project code PID2021-126946OB-I00)the financial support from the EPy RIS(SOE2/P5/E0811)project funded by the European Union through the SUDOE INTERREG Program。
文摘Few studies have compared the variability of soil properties using different types of mulches in semi-arid forests.This study evaluated the changes in physico-chemical soil properties in a semi-arid forest of Central Eastern Spain,where straw and pine wood chips were distributed as mulch three months after a wildfire.Soils were sampled under burned and unmulched and burned and mulched plots three and nine months after the treatments.The data was processed using Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Analytical Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(AHCA).Mulching with straw or wood chips did not have any significant effects on the texture and chemical properties of burned sites few months after the treatment.In contrast,significant changes are expected over time in organic matter,nutrients and many ions.There were no significant differences in soil properties between the two mulches.These low changes were confirmed by PCA coupled with AHCA,which did not show a clear distinction among the three soil conditions.However,a noticeable and significant variability of many of these properties over time was evident.This study shows that mulching does not degrade of soil properties in the short-term after a wildfire and after post-fire treatments,and thus helps protect semi-arid forest ecosystems against the negative impacts of high-severity fires.
基金supported by the Ph.D.fellowship Programma Operativo Nazionale Ricerca e Innovazione 2014-2020,Fondo Sociale Europeo,Azione I.1“Dottorati Innovativi con Caratterizzazione Industriale”granted by the Italian Ministry of EducationUniversity and Research(MIUR)2018-2021。
文摘Prescribed fire,although having low intensity and being able to reduce the risk of wildfire may modify soil properties in the short term,with possible increases in runoffand erosion risk.Soil mulching with vegetation residues is one of the most common post-fire management strategies.Residues of fern,which is abundant on the Mediterranean forest floor,may be used to replace straw for mulching fireaffected areas.However,the effects of prescribed fires are not completely understood,and there is no data regarding the use of fern to protect soil after fire in the literature.To fill this gap,selected soil chemical parameters were analyzed,on a comparative basis,in three Mediterranean forests(pine,oak and chestnut)in Calabria(Southern Italy).These parameters were measured immediately and one year after fire in unburned,burned and not treated,and burned and mulched soils.Changes in soil chemical properties among the different treatments were significant,and the effects of the prescribed fire and mulching were dependent on the time elapsed from their application and forest species.In general,mulching was not effective in limiting the changes in the monitored soil properties compared to the pre-fire values.Each forest species showed different temporal trends in changes of soil properties.
基金funded by the Italian minister of education and research in the framework of the project PON"Modelli Sostenibili e Nuove tecnologie per la Valorizzazione delle Olive e dell'Olio Extravergine di Oliva Prodotto in Calabria".Grant ID.:PON03 PE 00090_2。
文摘No-tillage and soil mulching with pruning residues,applied in olive groves of the semi-arid Mediter-ranean environment,as erosion control practices still practice not fully studied.This study has evaluated the saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ksat),surface runoff(SR)and soil erosion(SL)under rainfall at plot scale throughout two years in four different management practices,total soil cover with a net(SP),mechanical tillage(MT)and mulching by vegetal residues at 3,5·10^(3) and 17,5·10^(3) kg ha^(-1) of dry matter(NTR350 and NTR1750),in an olive grove of Southern Italy.Ksat varied between 1.6(MT)and 25.1(NTR1750)mm/h.A clear reduction in runoff and soil losses was detected for the mulch-based practices when compared to MT,from 20 to 32%in the runoff coefficient and 75-80%in SL,with higher reductions in the NTR1750.This reduction in SL can be mainly explained by the reduction in SR and rain-splash,interrill and rill erosion,due to protection by mulch residues,which increased the vegetal cover and organic matter content of mulched plots.The vegetal cover was on average higher in SP(33%),NTR1750(25%)and NTR350(22%),and lower in MT(12%).The mean organic matter content of soil was 2.01%,1.69%,1.34%and 0.82%for NTR1750,NTR350,SP and MT respectively.Overall,the results quantify the impact of soil mulching with pruning residues at different doses,which will provide guidelines to control and mitigate the hydrological response of clayey and steep soils in Mediterranean olive groves,analysing the associated environmental and economic benefits.
基金the Open Research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science-Wuhan University(2019HLG02).
文摘Despite ample literature,the influence of the individual soil properties and covers on the hydrological response of burned soils of forests has not clearly identified.A clear understanding of the surface runoff and erosion rates altered by wildfires and prescribed fires is beneficial to identify the most suitable post-fire treatment This study has carried out a combined analysis of the hydrological response of soil and its driving factors in burned forests of Central-Eastern Spain.The pine stands of these forests were subjected to both prescribed fire and wildfire,and,in the latter case,to post-fire treatment with mulching.Moreover,simple multi-regression models are proposed to predict runoff and erosion in the experi-mental conditions.In the case of the prescribed burning,the fire had a limited impact on runoff and erosion compared to the unburned areas,due to the limited changes in soil parameters.In contrast,the wildfire increased many-fold the runoff and erosion rates,but the mulching reduced the hydrological response of the burned soils,particularly for the first two-three rainfalls after the fire.The increase in runoff and erosion after the wildfire was associated to the removal of the vegetation cover,soil water repellency,and ash left by fire;the changes in water infiltration played a minor role on runoff and erosion.The multi-regression models developed for the prescribed fire were accurate to predict the post-fire runoff coefficients.However,these models were less reliable for predictions of the mean erosion rates.The predictions of erosion after wildfire and mulching were excellent,while those of runoff were not satisfactory(except for the mean values).These results are useful to better understand the relations among the hydrological effects of fire on one side and the main soil properties and covers on the other side.Moreover,the proposed prediction models are useful to support the planning activities of forest managers and hydrologists towards a more effective conservation of forest soils.
